Mechanisms of human kidney stone formation (original) (raw)

2014

Abstract: The precise mechanisms of kidney stone formation and growth are not completely known, even though human stone disease appears to be one of the oldest diseases known to medicine. With the advent of the new digital endoscope and detailed renal physiological studies performed on well phenotyped stone formers, substantial advances have been made in our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the most common type of stone former, the idiopathic calcium oxalate stone former (ICSF) as well as nine other stone forming groups… Show more

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Discussion2

Mechanistic Models Of Stone Formation1

Ion Specificity In Determining Physico-chemical Properties O1

“…Recent studies by Kim et al (14) and Evan et al (7) using advanced endoscopic imaging and comprehensive physiological biopsies suggest three possible free/fixed pathways to stone formation: 1) nucleation and growth on the Randall plaque deposits in the papillae; 2) growth after adherence to a possibly injured section of collecting or Bellini ducts; and 3) homogeneous nucleation and growth in the urine during passage through the nephron. The Randall plaque overgrowth mechanism seems to be the most common pathway for idiopathic CaOx stone development in stone formers.…”

mentioning

“…Perhaps stress might be an influential factor in this regard. In recent years, strong evidence in support of Randall's plaque as a key facilitator of stone formation has also emerged [40,41] even though it was first proposed as early as 1937 [42]. We speculate that perhaps stress, in any of its various forms, creates a urine environment which is supportive of plaque formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

“…Kidney stone formation is a complex process and the result of a cascade of events, including crystal nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the urinary tract [15]. In view of the traditional medical uses of D. styracifolium in urolithiasis and the previous studies of D. styracifolium crude extract showing the antilithic activity in rats [8][9][10][11][12], we were motivated to further study the extracts from different polarity fractions, including Fr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning