Stem cell function and stress response are controlled by protein synthesis (original) (raw)

“…This does not reflect merely HSC quiescence, as dividing HSCs also make less protein per hour as compared with other hematopoietic progenitors. Several other adult stem cells also exhibit lower rates of protein synthesis as compared with progenitors in the same tissues, including neural stem cells (Llorens-Bobadilla et al 2015), skeletal muscle stem cells (Zismanov et al 2016), hair follicle stem cells (Blanco et al 2016), and Drosophila germline stem cells (Sanchez et al 2016). Like HSCs, each of these stem cells is depleted by genetic changes that increase their rate of protein synthesis, suggesting that this is a widely shared property of adult stem cells.…”

mentioning

“…In fact, a modest (twofold or less) increase or decrease in Octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4) or Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) protein levels impairs ESC self-renewal and triggers differentiation (1,2). mRNA translation, which is low in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent somatic stem cells (e.g., hematopoietic stem cells and skin stem cells), increases significantly during differentiation (3)(4)(5). Importantly, genome-wide analysis of the transcriptome vs. proteome of ESCs during the early stages of differentiation demonstrated that protein levels correlate poorly with mRNA levels (Pearson's R < 0.4), underscoring the importance of posttranscriptional regulation in ESC differentiation (6).…”

mentioning

“…High expression of NSun2 was found steadily from E7.5 to E10.5 during mouse embryogenesis [42] and its expression has been reported to enrich specifically in the brain [43]. Roles of NSun2 mediated m 5 C RNA modification has been reported in tissue development, differentiation, cancer, stem cell differentiation, and cellular signaling [34,39,41,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Interestingly, mutations in Nsun2 gene causing loss of mRNA leads to impairment of neurocognitive functions as observed in syndromic autosomal-recessive intellectual disability, Dubowitz-like syndrome and Noonan-like syndrome [44,[50][51][52].…”

Section: Rna Methylation and Neuronal Functionmentioning