Waleed I Shaban | Suez Canal University (original) (raw)

Papers by Waleed I Shaban

Abstract: The use of chemical inducers for the development of host resistance is an alternative a... more Abstract: The use of chemical inducers for the development of host resistance is an alternative approach to plant disease
management and is assumed to be much more environmentally sound than traditional pesticides. Five chemical inducers,
salicylic acid, oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), and calcium chloride (CaCl2), all
at concentrations of 10 mM, and an untreated control treatment were applied by seed soaking to compare their
effectiveness in inducing resistance against chocolate spot disease (Botrytis fabae Sard.) in faba bean under greenhouse
and field conditions, and to investigate whether use of these chemicals in this way is associated with a reduction in plant
growth and yield under field conditions. A field experiment was conducted over 2 years (2007 and 2008) using a
randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Results indicated that, under greenhouse and field conditions,
KH2PO4 and CaCl2 treatments were either moderately or less effective in reducing disease severity of chocolate spot.
However, both inducers significantly increased the growth and yield of faba beans under field conditions compared with
the untreated control treatment. The greatest reduction in disease severity of chocolate spot under greenhouse and field
conditions was observed in treatments of ascorbic acid and oxalic acid. The decrease in disease severity ranged from
70.6% to 79.9% for oxalic acid and from 68.1% to 80.2% for ascorbic acid, as compared with the untreated control under
greenhouse conditions. Under field conditions, the decreases in disease severity with ascorbic acid and oxalic acid
treatments relative to the untreated control were 79.4% and 71.3% on day 30, 62.4% and 41.8% on day 45, and 60.1% and
41.1% on day 60, respectively. The treatments of salicylic acid and oxalic acid produced the lowest values for growth and
yield parameters. These results led to the conclusion that, for field application of chemical inducers to develop host
resistance, it is important to study their effects on growth and yield in addition to their ability to control diseases.
Key words: Induced resistance, growth parameters, seed soaking, seed yield, Vicia faba

Field experiments were conducted over 2005 and 2006 to study the gene action associated with yiel... more Field experiments were conducted over 2005 and 2006 to study the gene action associated with yield and ten yield components, as well as resistance Fusarium wilt, charcoal rot and Alternaria leaf spot, in 6x6 half-diallel sesame progenies (F 1). Highly significant differences among the 15 F 1 s and their six parents were detected with respect to all the investigated traits. A preponderance of non-additive genetic variance was seen for all the studied traits, except for days to maturity and resistance to Alternaria leaf spot. Ten traits showed overdominance. Recessive alleles were predominantly involved in fruiting branches plant-1 , capsules plant-1 and single plant yield. The distribution of genes with positive and negative effects were symmetrical or nearly symmetrical with respect to 1000-seed weight, charcoal rot disease resistance, fruiting branches plant-1 , capsules plant-1 , single plant yield, and oil content. The parents possessed mostly negative genes in dominant form with respect to capsules plant-1 , 1000-seed weight, oil content, and resistance to charcoal rot and Alternaria leaf spot; positive genes in recessive form were observed for the rest of the studied traits. Given the gene action observed, biparental mating or diallel selective mating and heterosis breeding is suggested for the improvement of sesame. Resumen Comunicación corta. Heredabilidad de la producción, componentes de la producción y resistencia a las principales enfermedades en Sesamum indicum L. Se llevaron a cabo experimentos de campo en 2005 y 2006, en progenies de sésamo (F 1) en medio dialelo 6 x 6, para estudiar la acción génica asociada con la producción y con 10 caracteres asociados a la producción, así como con resis-tencia a Fusarium wilt, pudrición carbonosa y Alternaria leaf spot. Se detectaron diferencias altamente significativas entre las 15 F 1 s y sus parentales respecto a todos los caracteres estudiados. Para todos los caracteres estudiados, se observó una preponderancia de la variancia genética no-aditiva, excepto para días hasta la madurez y resistencia a Alter-naria leaf spot. Diez caracteres mostraron sobredominancia. En los caracteres ramas frutales por planta, cápsulas por planta y producción individual de la planta estaban implicados, predominantemente, alelos recesivos. La distribución de genes con efectos positivos y negativos fue simétrica o casi simétrica respecto a peso de 1000 semillas, resistencia a pudrición carbonosa, ramas frutales por planta, cápsulas por planta, producción individual de la planta y contenido en aceite. Los parentales poseen principalmente genes dominantes negativos respecto a cápsulas por planta, peso de 1000 semillas, contenido en aceite y resistencia a charcoal rot y Alternaria leaf spot; para el resto de los caracteres estudia-dos se observaron genes recesivos positivos. Dada la acción génica observada, se sugieren para la mejora del sésamo cruces biparentales o cruces dialélicos selectivos y heterosis.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the more popular cultivated Alliums and many fungal pathogen... more Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the more popular cultivated Alliums and many fungal pathogens causing postharvest disease under humid and warm storage conditions. Botrytis allii, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani were capable of causing severe rots to cloves of Balady and Chinese garlic cultivars after harvest and during storage. However, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium sp., Stemphylium botrysum, Helminthosporium allii, Alternaria tenuis and Sclerotium cepivorum were less virulent on both cultivars. Immature and mature garlic bulbs of the two cultivars greatly differed in their reactions to the three fungi. The immature bulbs of both cultivars were the most susceptible to B. allii, A. niger and F. solani, while the mature bulbs were less infected. In the same time, the percentage of dry cloves and loose bulbs were higher in immature bulbs compared with mature bulbs, either inoculated artificially or left for natural infection. In contrast, the mature bulbs showed lower percentages of depletion (waxy brake down), loose bulbs and pathological decay. Higher percentages of healthy bulbs were observed in perforated craft paper, followed by plastic nets and perforated polyethylene bags. Garlic rots were higher in immature bulbs than that in mature ones of un-inoculated bulbs of Balady and Chinese cultivars during storage for 150 days at 25°C and 10°C. Dipping the basal parts of garlic bulbs in 1000 ppm of Thiabendazole (TBZ) in soluble wax were effective in decreasing percentages of rots in bulbs artificially inoculated with each of B. allii, F. solani and A. niger or left for natural infection. Moreover, treatment with TBZ showed best protective effect against looseness in all treated bulbs.

The gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers., is one of the most postharvest economical... more The gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers., is one of the most postharvest economically important diseases of many plants all over the world. Potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate were tested to show their antifungal activities against the mycelia growth of the pathogen in vitro and in vivo on the postharvest gray mold on pepper fruits. Tested potassium salts reduced the growth of B. cinerea after seven days compared with the control at rate of 38.5 and 49.8 % respectively. In addition, among the tested materials for controlling pepper gray mold, carbonate and bicarbonate at concentrate 1 and 2%, compared with Rovral® WG 50% at 0.9g/l significantly reduced fruit rot severity. Treating the undamaged pepper fruits with bicarbonate reduced significantly the gray mold infection. Also, submerging pepper fruits in the two tested salts solutions were more effective than spraying them. As for the best storage temperature, storing pepper fruits at 3 °C showed significant decrease in disease severity for all treatments followed by storage at 13°C. On the other hand, change the weight of the fruit as a result of infection under the influence of different storage temperatures was measured. This study explained that pepper fruits treating with either carbonate or bicarbonate salts at 2%, enhanced their resistance to gray mold disease, also decreased the loss in fruits weight and increased the shelf-life of treated fruits compared to control at different storage temperatures tested.

Anthracnose is a major disease of different commercial crops. Colletotrichum isolates were obtain... more Anthracnose is a major disease of different commercial crops. Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from different fruit and vegetables with symptoms of anthracnose. Colletotrichum isolates which were isolated from guava (Psidium guajava), mango (Mangfera indica) strawberry (Fragaria ananessa) pepper (Capsicum sp.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were also included in this study. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics there are large differences among fungal species of Colletotrichum isolates in addition pathological. Colletotrichum species were differed and distinguished basis on conidial morphology. Studies on the temperature effect on mycelial growth showed Colletotrichum isolates had optimal growth rates at 30 º C which isolated from mango, guava and pepper. Whereas, the optimum temperature of strawberry isolates was recorded at 25 º C. Host rang study showed mango isolate was capable of causing severe or moderately severe rot for apple, peach and mango fruits followed by strawberry, whereas it appeared less virulent on tomato and lemon fruits. This study has brought to light a wide variation in the pathogenicity, morphological physiological characters of different Colletotrichum isolates.

2011. Control of lupine Fusarium wilt by biofumigation with mustard and canola seed meal. Tunisia... more 2011. Control of lupine Fusarium wilt by biofumigation with mustard and canola seed meal. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 6: 87-98. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini is a common fungal pathogen on lupine plants causing wilt disease resulting in serious economic losses. Biofumigation is used as a means to control many soilborne diseases by biocidal compounds (mainly isothiocyanates) released from glucosinolates in mustard seed meal which is hydrolyzed during degradation in soil. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mustard and canola seed meal against F. oxysporum f. sp. lupini and their pathological potential on lupine plants. Mustard seed meal decreased linear growth of the tested fungus; this decrease is more important with the increasing of concentration compared with the control. Mustard seed meal was the most effective in reducing pathogen propagules in soil at 9 and 14 days after inoculation by fungus. The fungicidal effect of mustard seed meal against tested fungus was demonstrated in pot experiments where Fusarium wilt of lupine plants was significantly reduced and plant growth increased compared to the control treatment. Results of the field experiment indicated that mustard seed meal reduced the root rot and wilt disease incidence.

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) is one of the oldest cucurbitaceae plants in th... more Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) is one of the oldest cucurbitaceae plants in the world. During summer 2012, growing season, bottle gourd plants showed wilted symptoms prematurely in August with patches similar to those of sudden death syndrome. Discoloration in cortex tissues of taproot and lower stems are typical. These symptoms often known by charcoal rot dry-weather wilt or summer wilt. The causal fungus was isolated and identified as Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Pathogenicity test indicate the ability of M. phaseolina to cause the disease symptoms on bottle gourd plants. Seeds treated with different chemical inducers at 10 mM significantly reduced charcoal rot severity compared with the control. Seeds treated with oxalic acid showed the highest reduction of disease severity followed by CaCl 2. On the other hand, treatment with KH 2 PO 4 and CaCl 2 as seed soaking demonstrated higher values for vegetative growth as total dry weight than the untreated control. According to the available literature, this is the first report of bottle gourd charcoal rot disease caused by M. phaseolina in Egypt.

Sweet corn hybrids with high-sugar genotypes (sh 2) has inherent problem of low seed emergence an... more Sweet corn hybrids with high-sugar genotypes (sh 2) has inherent problem of low seed emergence and stand in the field. This study was conducted to determine the effect of seed size, tray cell size and growing media components on sweet corn transplant transplanting. Other objectives were to evaluate the effect of priming sweet corn seeds on germination in the field. Bio-priming with Trichoderma and Bacillus, osmo-priming with KNO 3 , and hydro-priming with H 2 O have been tested. The results indicated that transplanting sweet corn is feasible with high quality transplants from seeds that germinate well in disease-free environment. Large sweet corn seeds, large tray cells, and vermiculite-based growing media proved to gave higher germination percentages. While same factors did not show pronounced effect on seedling performance in terms of root and shoot length and fresh weight. In the priming experiment, the bio-priming treatment showed the highest germination of seeds percentage among other priming treatments and the control. Sweet corn seeds treated with Bacillus megaterium germinated 50% higher than seeds treated with Trichoderma spp. as bio-control agents. Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium represented 65% of pathogens responsible for failure of sweet corn seed germination. The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of enhanced sweet corn seed propagation through transplanting and seed priming to improve emergence and field stand.

El-Bramawy, M.A.S.A. and Shaban, W.I. 2010. Effects potassium fertilization on agronomic characte... more El-Bramawy, M.A.S.A. and Shaban, W.I. 2010. Effects potassium fertilization on agronomic characters and resistance to chocolate spot and rust diseases in faba bean. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 5: 131-150. The use of potassium (K +) fertilization in faba bean to improve the agronomic characters and the resistance to foliar diseases was studied. A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons (2007/08 and 2008/09) to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer on foliar diseases (rust and chocolate spot) in faba bean cv. Giza 402, susceptible to both diseases. Grain yield and its related characters were also considered. Potassium fertilization treatments included soil application, foliar application, and soil + foliar applications. The results showed that the potassium soil + foliar applications of fertilizer with increasing the quantity of K + until level 3 (171.36 + 3.4 Kg K 2 O/ha) increased significantly the values of the majority of the plant characters and the resistance towards the desired direction. This result could be beneficial for faba bean growers looking for improving their grain yield through the agronomic characters and increasing the resistance of the crop to foliar diseases.

Shaban, W.I.A. and Abdelssalam, M.M.M. 2009. Evaluation of combining ability of some agronomic tr... more Shaban, W.I.A. and Abdelssalam, M.M.M. 2009. Evaluation of combining ability of some agronomic traits and susceptibility to Fusarium wilt in watermelon hybrids. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 4: 15-28. Four lines, two testers of watermelon and their 8 F1 hybrids which were developed through line × tester mating design, were used to study the general and specific combining ability and heterosis for six growth traits and resistance to Fusarium wilt. Biochemical parameter such as phenolic content of healthy and infected plants was analyzed. Line 480 was good combiner for average fruit weight, while tester Giza 21 was good combiner for number of fruits per plant. All crosses were non-significant for all traits studied except PI612145 × Giza 21; it was significant with positive value for rind thickness trait. With respect to heterosis effects, cross 480 × Giza 21 gave earliest female flower over mid-parent, crosses Giza 21 × PI612145 and 424 × 96604005, whereas 480 × Giza 21 gave highest values with significant effect for fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight and number of fruits per plant, respectively. Resistant genotypes were recorded for line 96604005 and crosses 480 × 96604005 and 480 × Giza 21 which produced the highest percentage of survived plants and have a strong increase in phenolic content production in addition to production of high aerial part dry weight. Resistance trait showed increasing in F1 genotypes coming from crosses between high susceptible line 96604003 and testers 96604005 and Giza 21 (resistant and moderate resistant, respectively). In addition, crossing between moderate resistant line 480 and testers 96604005 and Giza 21 produced resistant F1 genotypes.