Sex & gender : an introduction | WorldCat.org (original) (raw)
Machine derived contents note: Contents
Preface xiii
PART I: Myths, Theories, and Research
Chapter 1
Masculinity and Femininity: Myths and Stereotypes 1
Sex Stereotypes 2 Sex or Gender: More Than a Question of Terminology? 5 ¿Sugar and Spice¿ or ¿Snips and Snails¿: The Content of Gender Stereotypes 6 Beyond Personality Traits: The Many Faces of Gender Stereotypes 12 Different and Unequal? The Evaluative Aspects of Gender Stereotypes 17 Gender and Other Stereotypes: Race/Ethnicity, Class, Age, Appearance,
Sexual Orientation, Disability 25 The Process of Stereotyping 39 How Gender Stereotypes and Prejudice Affect Us 42 Gender Stereotypes and the Research Process 46 Summary 52 Key Terms 53
Chapter 2
Theoretical Perspectives on Sex and Gender 54
Early Theories About Sex and Gender 55 Psychoanalytic/Identification Theories 57 Social Structure/Cultural Theories of Gender 71 Evolutionary Theories of Gender 75
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Social Learning Theory/Social Cognitive Theory 82
Cognitive Theories 86
Social Interaction Process Theories 91 Perspectives on Difference 98
Summary 99
Key Terms 100
Chapter 3
Researching Sex and Gender:
Exploring the Whys and Hows 101
Asking Questions About Gender: Science and the Search for Truth 102 What Differences and Similarities Exist: Methods for Comparing the Sexes 105 Why Gender Differences Exist: Nature, Nurture, and the Interactionist Position 119 Biases and Pitfalls: Problems Encountered in the Study of Sex and Gender 124 Science and Androcentrism 137
ATransformational Psychology of Gender? 141 Summary 141
Key Terms 143
PART II: Behavior & Experience: Female¿Male Similiarities and Differences
Chapter 4
Worlds Apart?
Gender Differences in Social Behavior and Experience 144
Now You See It, Now You Don¿t: Gender Differences in Context 145 Gender Differences in Social Behavior: A Sampling of Current Findings 146 What Happened to the Differences? 165 Summary 171
Key Terms 171
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Chapter 5
Biology and Environment:
The Process of Becoming Female or Male 172
The Biological Process of Sexual Differentiation 174 Do Physical Sex Differences Have Implications for Behavior? 182 Gender-Role Variations in Normal Development 192 Gender Identity 200
Sexual Orientation 209
Summary 211
Key Terms 213
Chapter 6
Perceptual and Cognitive Abilities:
Gender Similarities and Differences 214
The Greater Male Variability Hypothesis 215
Gender Differences in Intellectual Performance 217 Explaining the Differences 229
Summary 249
Key Terms 250
Chapter 7
Sexual Lives and Orientations 251
The Double Standard 252
The Physiology of Sexual Response 253 Sexual Activity 267
Sexual Orientation 283
Sexuality and Power: Erotica, Pornography, and Coercive Sexuality 289 Summary 299
Key Terms 300
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Chapter 8
Hormonal and Reproductive Connections 301
The Menstrual Cycle 303
Hormones and the Male Experience 319 Pregnancy and Childbirth 322
Menopause 338
Summary 342
Key Terms 343
Chapter 9
Mental and Physical Health:
Stress, Change, and Adaptations 344
Vulnerability and Strength 345
Gender and Physical Health 351 Women, Men, and Mental Illness 363 Gender and Mental Health 375 Summary 389
Key Terms 389
PART III: Sex and Gender in Social Relationships
Chapter 10
Sex and Gender and Childhood: Constructing Gender 390
¿Getting the Word¿: Sources of Early Gender Learning 392 Constructing an Identity: The Relational and Individual Self 403 Friendship 406
Achievement 412
Summary 423
Key Terms 424
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Chapter 11
Family and Friends: Attachment, Intimacy, and Power 425
Close Relationships in Adulthood 426
Marriage: The Intimate Economic Partnership 443 Women and Men as Parents 452 Summary 458
Key Terms 459
Chapter 12
Economic and Political Life:
Power, Status, and Achievement 460
Where We Are Now: A Shortage of Women at the Top 461 Motivation: The Driving Force? 464 Defining Achievement and Power 468 Access to Resources 471
Resources, Strategies, and Political Power 482 Power in Organizations and Institutions 484 Maintaining the Status Quo: How Hierarchies Perpetuate Themselves 486 Summary 490
Key Terms 491
Chapter 13
Issues in the Workplace 492
Division of Labor by Sex 493
Sex Discrimination 504
Two Spheres in Contact: The Interaction of Family and Employment Issues 514 Work, Sexuality, and Power 521 Summary 528
Key Terms 530
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Chapter 14
Justice, Equity, and Social Change 531
Gender and Conceptions of Justice 532
Gender and the Law 547
Social Change: Justice for All? 557 Summary 563
Key Terms 565
Epilogue
The Jies That Bind:
The Future of Sex and Gender 566
Glossary 569
References 577
Author Index I¿1 Subject Index I¿15 Credits C¿1
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