Nezir Akyesilmen | Selcuk University (Selçuk Üniversitesi) (original) (raw)

Papers by Nezir Akyesilmen

Uluslararasi insan haklari belgeleri, egitimde ayrimciligi ve dislamayiyasaklarken; kapsayici, co... more Uluslararasi insan haklari belgeleri, egitimde ayrimciligi ve dislamayiyasaklarken; kapsayici, cogulcu, elestirel, katilimci ve insan kisiliginin tamgelismesi icin bir ortamin olusturulmasini desteklemektedir. Uluslararasi insanhaklari duzenlemelerine taraf olan ulkeler, uluslararasi insan haklari hukukunagore, bu belgelerde tanimlanan evrensel, bilimsel ve insan odakli egitim modelini uygulamakla yukumludurler. Bu belgelerin basinda gelen Evrensel InsanHaklari Bildirgesinin (EIHB) 26. Maddesinde ifade edildigi gibi “Egitim, insankisiliginin tam gelistirilmesine, insan haklarina ve temel ozgurluklere saygiyiguclendirmeye yonelik olmalidir.” Ayni sekilde, Avrupa Konseyi DemokratikVatandaslik ve Insan Haklari Egitimi Şarti (2010) da, Konsey’in temel amaci olaninsan haklari, demokrasi ve hukukun ustunlugunu gelistirmede egitimin merkezi bir rol oynadigini ifade etmektedir. Bir egitim sisteminin insan haklari vedemokratik normlarla uyumlu olup olmadigini olcmek icin katilimcilik, hesapv...

Insight Turkey

The threat of malicious actors is a growing fear among all cyberspace stakeholders, particularly ... more The threat of malicious actors is a growing fear among all cyberspace stakeholders, particularly states, who are primarily responsible for national security, including the protection of critical infrastructure. Taking into consideration the major cyberattacks of the last three decades and their impacts on international society, a comprehensive strategy is needed to defend cyberspace against malware and to provide a safe and free cyber ecosystem. Türkiye, like many countries, has developed cyber strategies to respond to such threats in the last decade. This paper addresses a set of interrelated cybersecurity issues; central among them is the question, “Is Türkiye’s cybersecurity strategy properly devised to cope with the new security environment in the anarchic world of cyberspace?” Türkiye’s national cybersecurity strategy has undergone several changes since 2013, each representing an attempt to address the evolving cybersecurity landscape. These strategies have been successful in s...

Demokrasi Platformu, Nov 1, 2008

European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 2012

This article focuses on development of both human rights policies and their institutionalisation ... more This article focuses on development of both human rights policies and their institutionalisation in the EC/EU internal and external politics. It observes that the founding treaties of the EC/EU did not mention explicitly human rights because the EC was established as an economic entity. By the time as it has transformed into a social and political formation, human rights evolved and over the past three decades it becomes a leading agenda in both internal politics and one of the central parameters of the European Union's foreign policy. However, human rights policies and practices have not been coordinated by a specified body of the Union; instead all the EU institutions have got involved in one way or another. As the time passes, instead of creating a coherent and consistent system, new regulations and new actors have been introduced and the mechanism gets more and more complicated.

Kurt sorununun kokleri Osmanli’nin gec donemlerine 1800’lere dayanmasina ragmen, 1923 yilinda Tur... more Kurt sorununun kokleri Osmanli’nin gec donemlerine 1800’lere dayanmasina ragmen, 1923 yilinda Turkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulusuyla hiz kazanmis ve kapsami genislemistir. Son 28 yilda bu catisma, siddet icermekte ve yogunlugu Turkiye toplumunda ciddi bir korkunun kaynagini olusturmaktadir. Son 30 yilda 40 binden fazla insanin hayatini kaybettigi dunyanin in cok siddet barindiran catismalaindan biri olmustur. Heidelberg Uluslararasi Catismalari Arastima Enstitusu (HIIK) tarafindan Kurt sorunu siddeetli bir kriz ya da sinirli bir savas olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Diger benzer uluslararasi siyasi catismalar gibi, Kurt sorunu da tipki bir aysberge benzer: Gorunen catismanin ufak bir kismidir, fakat altinda algilar, cikarlar, degerler, kultur, davranislar, ihtiyaclar, varsayimlar, kuskular ve baskilar var. Bu makale, tarihi arka planiyla, sosyal, ekonomik, kulturel ve siyasi nedenleriyle, dinamik ve aktorleriyle, catismayi tirmandiran tum factor ve unrulari analiz etmektedir. Son bolumde, coz...

Przegląd Strategiczny, 2020

Turkey and the United States of America have been strategic partners for over seven decades. Neve... more Turkey and the United States of America have been strategic partners for over seven decades. Nevertheless, their relationship has not always been a smooth one, and the two countries have encountered temporary bilateral crises from time to time. In spite of the challenges, over the years, the NATO allies – the United States and Turkey have continued to reaffirm their commitment to cooperate with each other as “strategic partners.” However, the ensuing Syrian crisis has brought the relationship between the allies to an all-time historic low. This study examines Turkey-US relations in the context of the ongoing Syrian conflict using a conflict analysis framework. With this framework, we analyze the historical background, identify the root causes of the crisis and conduct an actor analysis. Based on our findings, we provide policy recommendations to de-escalate and transform the current crisis in US-Turkey relations in order to both restore their mutual trust and find new ways to cooper...

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2017

The present study was initiated with an intention to bring outthe phytochemical profile of the ma... more The present study was initiated with an intention to bring outthe phytochemical profile of the marine halophyte Salicornia europaeaL., the chemical finger print of the halophyte was made by GC-MS.The phytochemicalsin the crude extract was evaluated for cytotoxic study against MCF7. The marine halophytes were collected, washedand chopped in to 5cm long and shade dried for 20-25 days in a dark room. The dried and grounded plant materials were subjected to Soxhlet extraction.Two solvents vizmethanol and ethyl acetate were used to prepare decoction of the plant.The extracts were screened using GC-MS and dried using rotary vacuum evaporator. The dried phytochemicals were evaluated for cytotoxic studies against MCF7 by MTT assay. The chemical screening by GC-MS had unveiled the presence of 32 compounds in highly polar solvent namely ethyl acetate and 29 in methanol a polar solvent.The structure of the phytoconstituents were retrieved from Pub Chem and compared in NIST library. The anti-cancer study showed promising results. The IC 50 values of the individual extracts were evaluated and fortunately ethyl acetate extract exhibit minimum IC 50 value and it was estimated to be 97.9µg/ml were as methanol extract exhibit 117.1µg/ml. Hence it leads to conclude that S. europaea L.has promising source of lead compounds that could be used to treat cancer.

Polish Political Science Yearbook, 2021

This paper highlighted the use of cyberspace as a conflict zone by the US and China, focusing on ... more This paper highlighted the use of cyberspace as a conflict zone by the US and China, focusing on competition in various technological spheres, including cyberespionage, military technology, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The main purpose of this study was to depict how great powers manipulate the cyber domain for their high political objectives through US-China rivalry. The research has been carried out mainly via literature review, discourse analysis, and relevant statistics. Consistent with previous literature and global public perception, the outcome has shown that both states are using cyberspace as a new domain for completion in trade, technology, and military purposes. Cyberespionage, the militarization of cyberspace, and AI have been the main conflict areas between these two global competitors in the last decade.

This study argues that since the transition to democracy Turkey's foreign policy has graduall... more This study argues that since the transition to democracy Turkey's foreign policy has gradually shifted from a traditional realpolitic understanding , to human rights understanding, as well as accepting international and regional patrolling of its domestic human rights situation. Turkey has traditionally been viewed human rights with suspicious as a means for foreign intervention in domestic affairs. However, as Turkey has democratized the engagement with human rights has increased. The EU membership process, zero problems with neigbours, pecae process regarding the Kurdish question, legal and political reforms in recent years and active foreign policy in the Middle-east are some examples of the ehgagements. However, Turkey's foreign policy regarding human rights remains unclear with some contradictions. This is because of some internal and external factors, including: continuing human rights violations; slowing down of democratization process; Arab spring in recent years etc...

The peace process aiming to end violent and long lasting Kurdish Problem in Turkey, has been cont... more The peace process aiming to end violent and long lasting Kurdish Problem in Turkey, has been continuing peacefully for more than two years. When comparing Turkey's peace process to the equivalent cases of Northern Ireland, the Basque and South Africa, it has been much more peaceful despite minor escalations. In spite of some existing problematic issues in the process, there has progress. The literature has so far been dealt with many aspects of the Kurdish peace process in Turkey, but few has analyzed the threats to and opportunities of the process. Thus, this paper, aims to replenish the missing part of the literature. The peace process arose out of the opportunity provided by a proper environment of both domestic and global political climate. Yet, by the time the process was underway, it faced new threats and opportunities. Peace processes can face structural, cyclical, and contextual threats, such as lack of a mediator, usage of conflict language, absence of mechanism that de...

European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 2010

The phase of transition initiated by the collapse of communist rule in the Eastern Central Europe... more The phase of transition initiated by the collapse of communist rule in the Eastern Central Europe (ECE) is a part of the processes of what Huntington called as the Third Wave of democratization which have also involved southern Europe, Latin America, Africa and Asia in the last 40 years. Yet, the transition from communist rule and the construction of a postcommunist order in the ECE countries followed different path. This study compares institutional dimensions of democratization which stand for distribution of executive power, electoral and party systems in Hungary and Romania. Despite having shared a communist past experience, Hungary and Romania followed a quite different path in their post Cold War political order: Hungary is accepted as being the clearest example of a peaceful negotiation, while Romanian Revolution was the most bloody of all in the region. In Hungary well-organized political parties decided for a strong parliamentary government, while weakly organized parties l...

Przegląd Strategiczny

Selcuk Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi, 2014

Various opinions, institutions and individuals have influenced the political life in Turkey which... more Various opinions, institutions and individuals have influenced the political life in Turkey which constructed on a parliamentary democracy. Developments and refracting in the process of democratization and modernization have changed the roles, quality and quantity of the elements in Turkey's political life. The affects of these elements increased and decreased in time. In this context, the role of Islamic movements in politics cannot be denied in Turkey, particularly in the recent years. Starting with the development of multi-party democracy, after the 1950's a number of developments greatly advanced Turkey's democratization and modernization. These same events also transformed politics in Turkey which provided the environment for the growth of Islamic parties in Turkey. First, this paper, regarding these developments, discusses how to make a clarification of Islamic movements in Turkey as they are the parts of Turkey's political life. Secondly, we try to demonstrate how different Islamic movements determine the political behaviors in their groups if they really do that. After discusses Islamic movements during oneparty rule up until 1950, the paper focuses on the transition to multi-party democracy and then the resurgence of those movements. In the last part, just before the conclusion, electoral behavior of Islamic movements will be analyzed one by one. In this paper, we examine some main stream Islamic movements' structures and effects in Turkey's political life like Nurist Movements (Nurcu Hareket), Gulen Movement (Gulen Hareketi), New Asia (Yeni Asya), Suleymanists (Suleymancilar), National Sight (Milli Gorus), Nakshibendi Order (Naksibendiler), Iskenderpasha Order (Iskenderpasa Cemaati) and Menzil Movement (Menzilciler). We will consider the table which developed by authors based on data gathered from different sources. The analysis depended on this table shows political behaviors of these Islamic movements in the general elections between 1950-2011. Of course, a different analysis could develop our results or reach different results anytime.

Selcuk Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi, 2014

Przegląd Politologiczny

Niewiele się zmieniło od czasu, gdy Stanley Hoffman ogłosił, że stosunki międzynarodowe (IR) są a... more Niewiele się zmieniło od czasu, gdy Stanley Hoffman ogłosił, że stosunki międzynarodowe (IR) są amerykańską nauką społeczną, a John Hobson podkreślił „brak bezwartościowych i uniwersalistycznych teorii relacji międzypaństwowych.” W szczególności od 1970 r., wraz z końcem zimnej wojny oraz rozwojem technologii informacyjnych i komunikacyjnych (ICT), dyscyplina IR stanęła przed poważnymi wyzwaniami w stosunku do swoich podstawowych ram koncepcyjnych i teoretycznych. Pomimo szeregu zmian systemowych i pojawienia się nowego środowiska w stosunkach międzynarodowych, dziedzina ta nadal jest silnie uzależniona od starych, nieodpowiednich i/lub obciążonych wartością koncepcji z początku XX wieku. Co więcej, dyscyplina została przeciążona przez zestaw eurocentrycznych i etnocentrycznych koncepcji, które prowadzą studentów IR do kwestionowania jej międzynarodowego charakteru. Można dyskutować, czy wynika to z niekompetencji czy niewłaściwego używania języka. Artykuł ten ma na celu konstruktyw...

Hayatımızın her alanını etkilemeye başlayan siber uzay, vatandaş- devlet ilişkilerini derinden et... more Hayatımızın her alanını etkilemeye başlayan siber uzay, vatandaş-
devlet ilişkilerini derinden etkilemiş ve bu çerçevede insan hakları
alanında da yeni fırsatlar ve yeni tehditleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Cari
uluslararası İnsan hakları hukukunda devlet insan haklarını ihlal eden
ve yine insan haklarını korumaktan sorumlu tek aktördür. Fakat küreselleşme
ile birlikte devlet dışı aktörlerin uluslararası ilişkilerde aktif rol
üstlenmesiyle bu devlet-merkezli geleneksel insan hakları mekanizması
sorgulanmaya başlandı. Bugün siber uzayla birlikte sınır ve mesafeler
ortadan kaldırılmış, anonimlikle bilinmezlikler artmış ve bireylerin güçlendirilmesiyle
ölçek önemsiz hale gelmiş ve bireyler diğer bireylere,
şirketlere ve hatta devletlere çok büyük zararlar verebilme kapasitesine
ulaşmıştır. Çok-paydaşlı siber uzayda insan haklarının ihlalinden ve
korunmasından sadece devleti sorumlu tutmak, insan haklarını büyük
ölçüde zayıflatacaktır. Kısacası geleneksel uluslararası sistemin aktör, dinamik
ve mekanizmaları siber ekosistemde oldukça yetersiz kalmıştır.

This paper analyzes the impact of cybersecurity on human rights with a particular focus on intern... more This paper analyzes the impact of cybersecurity on human rights with a particular focus on international human rights protection mechanisms. It will focus on the anarchic nature of the cyberspace, its relevance with international relations and the philosophy of international law. It also questions the validity and possibility of traditional state-centric international human rights law for protection of human rights in the cyber domain. Furthermore, it questions whether cyberspace made international relations much more complicated, anarchic and uncertain. Finally the work is going to develop policy proposals and necessary steps for protecting human rights more effectively through some national strategic action plans, regulations and initiatives. SİBER GÜVENLİK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: YENİ BİR PARADİGMA İHTİYACI MI? Özet Bu çalışmada, siber güvenliğin insan hakları üzerindeki etkisi uluslararası insan hakları koruma mekanizmaları dikkate alarak analiz edilecektir. Bunun için öncelikle, siber uzayın anarşik doğası ve kendisi gibi anarşik olan uluslararası ilişkiler ve uluslararası hukukun felsefesiyle ilintisi irdelenecektir. Aynı zamanda, siber uzayın uluslararası ilişkileri çok daha karmaşık, anarşik ve belirsiz hale getirip getirmediği de sorgulanacaktır. Ayrıca, siber alanda insan haklarının korunması için geleneksel devlet merkezli uluslararası insan hakları hukukunun geçerliliği ve etkinliği araştırılacaktır. Son olarak, bazı ülkelerin ulusal siber güvenlik strateji eylem planlarına, hukuki düzenlemelerine ve inisiyatiflerine odaklanarak insan haklarının daha etkin korunabilmesi için atılması gereken adımlar ve öneriler üzerinde durulacaktır.

Insight Turkey

Demokrasi Platformu, Nov 1, 2008

European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 2012

Przegląd Strategiczny, 2020

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2017

Polish Political Science Yearbook, 2021

European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 2010

Przegląd Strategiczny

Selcuk Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi, 2014

Przegląd Politologiczny

Global Transformation and Türkiye, 2024

In digitalization age, the intersection of cyberspace and international relations has become a fo... more In digitalization age, the intersection of cyberspace and international relations has
become a focal point of scholarly inquiry. This research aims to comprehensively analyse
the geopolitical impacts of cyberspace on international relations, recognizing the critical
importance of understanding the evolving dynamics in the digital realm. The increasing
integration of information technologies into global affairs raises pertinent questions about
the nature of state interactions, security paradigms, and the potential for cyber capabilities to
reshape power dynamics. The primary objective of this research is to explore the multifaceted
dimensions of digitalization on international relations, focusing on both state and non-state
actors. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative analysis of state
policies and strategic documents with quantitative assessments of cyber conflicts and their
geopolitical impacts. Through case comparative samples and trend analyses, the study aims to
unveil patterns, challenges, and opportunities stemming from the utilization of digitalization
in international relations. Anticipated outcomes include insights into the emergence and
evolution of cybersecurity in international relations, the identification of cyber power and
power redistribution, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of existing international norms
and regulations. This research holds significance in informing policymakers, scholars, and
practitioners about the evolving nature of global politics in the digital age, emphasizing the
imperative for adaptive strategies to address the challenges posed by the growing influence of
cyberspace on international relations.

Bilişim ve sosyalleşme alanı olan sanal dünya, kullanıcılara çok büyük fırsatlar sunmaktadır, fak... more Bilişim ve sosyalleşme alanı olan sanal dünya, kullanıcılara çok büyük
fırsatlar sunmaktadır, fakat aynı zamanda çok büyük riskler ve tehditler
de barındırmaktadır. Her dönemim ihtiyaçları farklıdır ve bu ihtiyaçlara
cevap verebilmek amacıyla eğitim sistemleri de değişim göstermektedir.
Siber çağda siber araçları doğru, yararlı ve etkin kullanabilmek, tehditlerinden korunabilmek için yeni yeni kabiliyetlere, bilgilere ve teorilere
ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çerçevede son yıllarda farklı ülkelerde dijital vatandaşlık
eğitimi geliştirilmiştir. Dijital vatandaşlık eğitimi, kimisinin siber
vatandaşlık eğitimi dediği şey, siber uzayda güvende olmayı ve başkası
için güvenlik riski oluşturmamayı hedeflemektedir.

Siber uzayda siber suçlar, siber saldırılar ve siber güvenlik birbiriyle sıkı sıkıya bağlı kavram... more Siber uzayda siber suçlar, siber saldırılar ve siber güvenlik birbiriyle
sıkı sıkıya bağlı kavramlardır. Bütün siber saldırılar siber suç olmazsa
bile bütün siber suçlar aynı zamanda siber saldırıdır ve her ikisi de siber
güvenliği tehdit eden olaylardır. Siber saldırılar zamanla siber suçları
doğurdu ve dolayısıyla siber hukuk çağımızın kaçınılmaz bir gerçeği
olarak ortaya çıktı. Diğer bütün hukuk alanları gibi sosyal, ekonomik,
siyasal ve kültürel boyutuyla siber hukuk da dinamik bir alandır.

Son çeyrek asırda, her düzeydeki toplumsal yapılar ve aktörler oldukça komplike ve bilinmezlikler... more Son çeyrek asırda, her düzeydeki toplumsal yapılar ve aktörler oldukça
komplike ve bilinmezliklerle dolu yeni bir iklimle karşılaştı. Devrimsel
nitelikteki teknolojik dönüşümün bir ürünü olan ve siber uzay
olarak tanımlanan bu yeni ortamla birlikte küresel sosyal, ekonomik ve
siyasal ilişkiler büyük bir değişim ve dönüşüm içine girdi. Siber uzayın
etkilediği alanlardan birisi de uluslararası güvenlik, savunma ve barış
politikalarıdır. Bu çerçevede, uluslararası ilişkilerdeki dönüştürücü sonuçlarından
birisi, yeni bir uyuşmazlık çeşidi olan ve basit bir siber saldırıdan
siber savaşa geniş bir yelpazeyi kapsayan siber çatışmalardır.
Kosenkov (2016:1) isabetli bir tespitle modern çağda siber çatışmaların
oyun değiştirici bir unsur olduğunu ileri sürmektedir.

Conflict analysis consists of range of methods and frameworks to develop strategies for understan... more Conflict analysis consists of range of methods and frameworks to develop strategies for understanding and/or resolving conflicts. Models of conflict analysis, as analyzed in literature, represents a range of approaches, none of which emerge as the most effective and/or efficient. This article proposes a new model that considers the resources, dynamics, issues, actors and environmental factors of the conflict and proposes a set of alternative methods to improve the likelihood of sustainable peace processes. The model is based on various sources developed in conflict management literature and the by Nezir Akyeşilmen’s alternative approach called the "Rights-Based Peace Model".