Prof. Dr. Halis Oguz - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Prof. Dr. Halis Oguz
Aflatoxin B1 associated oxidative stress and immunological dysregulations are efficiently counteracted by dietary supplementation of distillery yeast sludge in broilers
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), produced by various species of toxigenic fungi, is among the most potent gen... more Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), produced by various species of toxigenic fungi, is among the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins which act as a major source of distress for the growing poultry sector while distillery yeast sludge or distillery sludge (DS) is a byproduct of molasses-based industries and often treated as a waste despite of containing abundant nutrients particularly protein contents, basic amino acids and vitamins along with other macro and micronutrients. This study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress and immunological alterations induced by AFB1 and their amelioration by dietary supplementation of DS. 3. For this purpose, 360 newly hatched broiler chicks were randomly divided into twelve groups (30 birds each) and fed different combinations of AFB1 (100, 200 and 600 µg/kg) and DS (5 and 10 g/kg) for 42 days. The parameters under consideration were total antioxidant capacity, antibody response to intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells, in-situ ...
In vitro mycotoxin binding capacities of clays, glucomannan and their combinations
Toxicon
British Poultry Science, 2022
1. Aflatoxins’ (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are det... more 1. Aflatoxins’ (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are detoxified by the aflatoxin-B1 aldehyde reductase (AFAR) pathway. In this pathway, the aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (AKR7A2) enzyme is controlled by nucleic-related erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an active role. However, data on the efficacy of this critical pathway in broilers is limited. 2. The aim of the following study was the changes in the expression levels of AKR7A2, Nrf2, and caspase-3, and the effects of Nigella sativa seeds (NS), thymoquinone (TMQ), and bentonite (BNT) on expression were investigated in broilers exposed to AFs. 3. One-hundred broilers were divided into ten groups (control (CNT); AF; NS; TMQ; BNT; AF+TMQ; AF+NS; AF+BNT; AF+BNT+NS; AF+BNT+TMQ) and fed for 28 d. AF. TMQ, NS and BNT were added to diets at levels of 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 50 g/kg and 10 g/kg respectively. 4. The addition of AF to the diet decreased AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels dramatically, but increased caspase-3 (P<0.01). TMQ, NS and BNT additions to the diet eliminated all negative effects caused by AF (P<0.01); and AKR7A2 and Nrf2 were further raised in TMQ and NS groups when compared to the control group. TMQ and NS showed a positive effect on detoxification parameters when given together with BNT. 5. Supplementation with NS and TMQ enhanced AF detoxification via the AFAR pathway, by increasing AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels, in addition to reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.
Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in goats after different administration routes
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2021
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic aci... more The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic acid in goats after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations at 2 mg/kg dose. In this study, eight clinically healthy goats were used. The study comprised four periods, according to a crossover design with at least a 15-day washout period between treatments. Plasma concentrations of tolfenamic acid were determined by HPLC-UV, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a non-compartmental method. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half-life, volume of distribution at steady state, and total clearance were 1.60 h, 0.37 L/kg, and 0.27 L/h/kg, respectively. The mean peak plasma concentration following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 1.77, 1.22, and 0.30 μg/ml, respectively. The mean bioavailability following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 64.46, 55.43, and 19.46%, respectively. The PO route, which exhibits both the low plasma concentration and bioavailability, is not recommended in goats. The IV, IM, and SC routes, which show comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, may be proposed for use in goats. However, the multi-dose and pharmacodynamic studies are necessary to establish more accurately its safety and efficacy in the goat.
The ameliorative effects of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone, and bentonite against aflatoxicosis in broilers via AFAR and Nrf2 signalling pathways, and down-regulation of caspase-3
1. Aflatoxins' (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are... more 1. Aflatoxins' (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are detoxified by the aflatoxin-B<sub>1</sub> aldehyde reductase (AFAR) pathway. In this pathway, the aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (AKR7A2) enzyme is controlled by nucleic-related erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an active role. However, data on the efficacy of this critical pathway in broilers is limited. 2. The aim of the following study was the changes in the expression levels of AKR7A2, Nrf2, and caspase-3, and the effects of <i>Nigella sativa</i> seeds (NS), thymoquinone (TMQ), and bentonite (BNT) on expression were investigated in broilers exposed to AFs. 3. One-hundred broilers were divided into ten groups (control (CNT); AF; NS; TMQ; BNT; AF+TMQ; AF+NS; AF+BNT; AF+BNT+NS; AF+BNT+TMQ) and fed for 28 d. AF. TMQ, NS and BNT were added to diets at levels of 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 50 g/kg and 10 g/kg respectively. 4. The addition of AF to the diet decreased...
Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2011
Bu meta-analitik derlemede kanatlı yemlerindeki aflatoksinlerin etkisizleştirilmesi ile ilgili ge... more Bu meta-analitik derlemede kanatlı yemlerindeki aflatoksinlerin etkisizleştirilmesi ile ilgili genel bilgiler verildikten sonra bu amaçla yem katkısı şeklinde kullanılan adsorbanlar ve biyolojik ürünlerle yapılan in vivo deneysel çalışmalar özetler halinde sunuldu. Bu amaçla 33 farklı ülkede gerçekleştirilen toplam 135 araştıma tarandı ve sonuçları ana hatlarıyla verildi. Bu derleme ile ilgili konuda yapılan tüm çalışmalar ve sonuçlarının konu ile ilgilenen sektör ve bilim temsilcilerine ülkeler bazında toplu halde sunulması ve onların bütüncül bir değerlendirme yapmalarına imkan sağlanması amaçlandı.
The ameliorative effects of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone, and bentonite against aflatoxicosis in broilers via AFAR and Nrf2 signalling pathways, and down-regulation of caspase-3
British Poultry Science, 2021
1. Aflatoxins' (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are... more 1. Aflatoxins' (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are detoxified by the aflatoxin-B1 aldehyde reductase (AFAR) pathway. In this pathway, the aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (AKR7A2) enzyme is controlled by nucleic-related erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an active role. However, data on the efficacy of this critical pathway in broilers is limited.2. The aim of the following study was the changes in the expression levels of AKR7A2, Nrf2, and caspase-3, and the effects of Nigella sativa seeds (NS), thymoquinone (TMQ), and bentonite (BNT) on expression were investigated in broilers exposed to AFs.3. One-hundred broilers were divided into ten groups (control (CNT); AF; NS; TMQ; BNT; AF+TMQ; AF+NS; AF+BNT; AF+BNT+NS; AF+BNT+TMQ) and fed for 28 d. AF. TMQ, NS and BNT were added to diets at levels of 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 50 g/kg and 10 g/kg respectively.4. The addition of AF to the diet decreased AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels dramatically, but increased caspase-3 (P<0.01). TMQ, NS and BNT additions to the diet eliminated all negative effects caused by AF (P<0.01); and AKR7A2 and Nrf2 were further raised in TMQ and NS groups when compared to the control group. TMQ and NS showed a positive effect on detoxification parameters when given together with BNT.5. Supplementation with NS and TMQ enhanced AF detoxification via the AFAR pathway, by increasing AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels, in addition to reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2001
The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations ... more The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (CLI), incorporated into the diet at 1Á5 and 2Á5 per cent, was evaluated for the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2Á5 mg total aflatoxin (AF) kg À1 diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into six treatment groups [Control, AF, CLI (1Á5 per cent), AF plus CLI (1Á5 per cent), CLI (2Á5 per cent), and AF plus CLI (2Á5 per cent)] each consisting of 60 chicks. Compared to controls, the AF consuming chicks showed increases in the relative weights of liver and kidney; and gross-histopathologic hepatic lesions such as paleness, friability, diffuse hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change, bile-duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis. Glumerular hypertrophy, increases in the number of mesengial cells and hydropic degeneration of tubuler epithelium in kidneys of chicks fed diet AF alone were also observed. Atrophy and lymphoid depletion were seen in the thymuses and bursa of Fabricius from the chicks fed AF alone. The additions of CLI (1Á5 and 2Á5 per cent) to the AF-containing diet moderately (significantly in some cases) decreased the number of affected broilers and/or the severity of lesions. The addition of CLI to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls. These results suggest that CLI was effective for the protection of AF-toxication in broilers and it could contribute to a solution of the AF problem in poultry production.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2015
The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations ... more The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of yeast component (esterified glucomannan; EG). EG, incorporated into the diet at 0.5 and 1 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the detrimental effects of 2 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 82.72% AFB 1 , 5.50% AFB 2 , 10.20% AFG 1 and 1.58% AFG 2 ) in diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were divided into 6 treatment groups [control, AF, EG (0.5 g/kg), AF plus EG (0.5 g/kg), EG (1 g/kg), and AF plus EG (1 g/kg)]. Compared to the control, AF treatment significantly decreased body weight gain from week 2 onwards. AF treatment also caused significant decreases in serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine levels and alanine-aminotransferase (ALAT) activity but increased the aspartate-aminotransferase (ASAT) activity. Red blood cell, haematocrit, haemoglobin, thrombocyte, and lymphocyte counts and tibial crude ash levels were significantly reduced by AF treatment, while significant increases were seen in heterophil counts. The addition of EG (1 g/kg) to an AF-containing diet significantly improved the adverse effects of AF on haematological parameters, total protein, albumin values and ASAT activity. EG (1 g/kg) also partially improved body weight gains (59%) and the other biochemical parameters influenced by AF treatment. The addition of EG (both 0.5 and 1 g/kg) to the AF-free diet did not cause any considerable changes in the investigated values. These results clearly indicated that EG (1 g/kg) addition effectively diminished the adverse effects of AF on the investigated values. Also, the higher dietary concentration of EG (1 g/kg) was found more effective than the lower concentration (0.5 g/kg) against the adverse effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study.
The use of pyretroid insecticides in veterinary medicine and their importance in public health and environmental sanitation
Archivum veterinarium Polonicum / Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Veterinary Sciences
In this review the toxicological features of pyretroids, their uses and importance in veterinary ... more In this review the toxicological features of pyretroids, their uses and importance in veterinary medicine, public health and environmental sanitation were summarised.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2000
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural ze... more This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural zeolite) in the prevention of toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF). A total of 576 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were housed in six treatment groups [six replicates of 16 each; control, CLI (15 g kg -1 diet), 50 parts per billion (ppb) AF, 50 ppb AF plus CLI, 100 ppb AF, 100 ppb AF plus CLI] for 42 days. Compared to controls, 100 ppb AF treatment significantly decreased body weight gains of chicks. The addition of CLI to the 100 ppb AFcontaining diet moderately reduced the adverse effects of AF on performances of chicks. The chicks consuming 50 ppb AF-containing diet showed no significant differences on investigated parameters compared to controls. Also, the single addition of CLI to the AF-free diet had no adverse effects in birds. These results suggest that CLI can be beneficial in broilers for protection of AF toxicity at the level above.
Application of planar chromatography on determination of aflatoxin B1 in silage
Introduction: Aflatoxin B1 is naturally occurring mycotoxin that is produced by many species of A... more Introduction: Aflatoxin B1 is naturally occurring mycotoxin that is produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, most notably Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, bifurano-coumarin derivative. Aflatoxins B1 is toxic and is one of the most potent hepato-carcinogens mycotoxins known. It appears to occur much frequently in silage, although analytical methods for its determination have not been always have been dedected. Experimental: This presentation deals with the planar chromatographyh method for determination of aflatoxin B1 in silage. Dried and ground silage (20 g) was mixed with 10 ml and 100 ml chloroform and shaken for 10 min. Decant through filter paper into 50 ml glass-stopper. Added ca. 10 g anhydrous Na2SO4 to 50 ml filtrate. Prepared Florosil column for cleanup as fallows: Inserted glass wool in bottom of chromatographic column. Added 5 g anhydrous granulated Na2SO4, 0.7 g Florosil, and 0.5 g anhydrous granulated Na2SO4. Washed column with 30 ml chloroform...
Determination of aflatoxins in livestock mixed feed and feed ingredients
During 2009 ‐ 2012 period, mixed feeds (n=56) and feed ingredients (n=59), from differenteight pr... more During 2009 ‐ 2012 period, mixed feeds (n=56) and feed ingredients (n=59), from differenteight provinces (Afyonkarahisar, Aksaray, Antalya, Burdur, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Niğde), submitted to Toxicology Laboratory, Konya Veterinary Control Institute with suspected aflatoxins(B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2)) were analyzed in this study. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxin using thin layer chromatographic and semi‐quantitativemethod for detection and quantification. A floriosil column was used during preparation of samples. AFB1 was found in 16 samples of mixed feed (28.6 %) and 9 feed ingredient (15.3 %) whereas AFB2 in 2 mixed feed (3.6 %) and 3 feed ingredients (5.1 %). AFG1 and AFG2 were detected in only one sample of feed ingredients (1.7 %). It was found that AFB1 levels in mixed feed samples ranged from 1 to 20 g/kg and were 0.5 to 60 g/kg in feed ingredient samples. However AFB2 levels in mixed feed samples ranged from 0.2 to 2 g/kg and were 0.5 to 15 g/kg in f...
Research in Veterinary Science, 2000
AFLATOXINS (AF), a group of closely related, extremely toxic chemicals, are produced by Aspergill... more AFLATOXINS (AF), a group of closely related, extremely toxic chemicals, are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and can occur as natural contaminants of poultry foods. Aflatoxicosis is an important disease of livestock and poultry. The frequent AF contamination of agricultural commodities and the chronic exposure of poultry to these toxins can mean the difference between profit and loss to the poultry industry (Edds and Bortell 1983, Kaya et al 1990, Leeson et al 1995). Aflatoxicosis in poultry is characterised by listlessness, anorexia with lowered growth rate, poor food utilisation, decreased weight gain, decreased egg production, and increased susceptibility to environmental and microbial stresses, and increased mortality (
Research in Veterinary Science, 2002
و )C و B( مربوط )36/40±7/57( LDL-C و )119/80±11/39( تام کلســترول ،)105/60±17/49( گل... more و )C و B( مربوط )36/40±7/57( LDL-C و )119/80±11/39( تام کلســترول ،)105/60±17/49( گلیسرید تری کاهش بیشترین ،)p>0/05( دادند نشان های پروفایل بر ها آن اثرات و دارو دو بین مقایسه در .)162±10/15( گردید مشاهده D گروه در نیز HDL-C افزایش بیشترین بود. D گروه به
Research in Veterinary Science, 2005
This study was conducted to evaluate the pathological changes in broilers fed a diet containing l... more This study was conducted to evaluate the pathological changes in broilers fed a diet containing low-levels of aflatoxin (AF) and clinoptilolite (CLI) until 42 days of age. A total of 576 one-day-old Ross-308 type broiler chicks were treated with varying levels of AF and CLI (15 g kg À1). The gross and histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were investigated and relative organ weights were calculated. Compared to controls, significant changes (P < 0.05), such as slight to moderate hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change (8 cases of 10), bile-duct hyperplasia (7 of 10) and periportal fibrosis (5 of 10), were found in chicks fed 100 ppb AF-containing diet. No gross-pathological changes were observed in any treatments. The addition of CLI to the 100 ppb AF-containing diet significantly decreased the number of affected broilers and/or the severity of lesions (hydropic degeneration and bile-duct hyperplasia) in the livers (P < 0.05). The addition of CLI to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant lesions compared with the controls.
Enzyme histochemical and serological inves-tigations on the immune system from chickens treated in ovo with aflatoxin B (AFB)
Revue Méd. …, 2011
... 4. - BATRA P., PRUTHI AK, SADANA JR: Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the efficacy of turkey herpesv... more ... 4. - BATRA P., PRUTHI AK, SADANA JR: Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the efficacy of turkey herpesvirus vaccine against Marek's disease. ... 16. - KONUK T.: Pratik Fizyoloji, Konuk T. (ed.), Ankara Universitesi Ve-teriner Fakultesi Yayınları, AU Basımevi, Ankara, 1981, 378, pp.: 90-103. ...
Effect of clinoptilolite on performance of broiler chickens during experimental aflatoxicosis
British Poultry Science, 2000
1. The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding 2 concentrations... more 1. The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding 2 concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (CLI), incorporated into the diet at 15 and 25 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 76.40% AFB1, 16.12% AFB2, 6.01% AFG1 and 1.47% AFG in diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups (6 replicates of 10 broilers each): control, AF, CLI (15 g/kg), AF plus CLI (15 g/kg), CLI (25 g/kg), and AF plus CLI (25 g/kg). 2. Compared to controls, the treatment had significantly decreased body weight gain from week 1 onwards. The adverse effect of AF on food consumption (8.0%) and food conversion ratio (8.3%) was also shown over the entire 21-d feeding period. 3. The addition of CLI (15 g/kg) to an AF-containing diet significantly reduced the deleterious effects of AF on food consumption and body weight gain. Food conversion ratio was also slightly improved by adding CLI (15 g/kg) to AF-containing diets. Food consumption, body weight gain and food conversion ratio values were rendered numerically intermediate between AF and control groups by the addition of CLI (25 g/kg) to the AF-containing diet. 4. The addition of CLI (both 15 and 25 g/kg) to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls, except for decreased total food consumption in the CLI (25 g/kg)-alone group. 5. These results suggest that CLI (15 g/kg) addition effectively diminished the detrimental effects of AF on the values investigated. Also, the lower dietary concentration of CLI (15 g/kg) was more effective than the greater concentration against the adverse effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study.
Embryotoxicity assay of aflatoxin produced byAspergillus parasiticusNRRL 2999
British Poultry Science, 2000
1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were evaluated by a modifi... more 1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were evaluated by a modified chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST). Adverse effects on the early embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius were also investigated by light microscopy. AF consisted of 83.06% AFB1, 12.98% AFB2, 2.84% AFG1 and 1.12% AFG2. 2. A total of 448 fertilised laying hens' eggs were used. AF and AFB1 were injected into the eggs at doses of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/egg. Embryonic developmental stages were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale (HH-scale). 3. The results showed that AFB1 given at 10 ng/egg had a significantly (P<0.05) greater embryotoxic effect than AF given at a similar dose. The higher doses of both AF and AFB1 caused higher embryonic mortality and also an increase in early deaths. 4. In the groups receiving 100 ng/egg AF and AFB1 an abnormal development was seen, with a protruded central region, corresponding to the area pellucida of the blastoderm. No other developmental abnormality attributable to AF or AFB1 was found.
Efficacy of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in reducing the immunotoxicity of aflatoxin in growing broilers
British Poultry Science, 2000
1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix Plus) against th... more 1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix Plus) against the immunosuppressive effect of afatoxins (AF) was evaluated by determination of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte proportions and splenic plasma cell counts. Histological changes in lymphoid organs were also investigated by light microscopy. One-d-old broiler chicks (Hybro) received 2.5 mg/kg diet AF (83.06% AFB1, 12.98% AFB2, 2.84% AFG1, 1.12% AFG2) with or without PVPP (3g/kg diet) until 21 d of age. When compared with controls, AF treatment significantly decreased peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. AF caused a slight decrease in splenic plasma cell counts. The addition of PVPP to an AF-containing diet significantly increased T-lymphocyte counts. Splenic plasma cell counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF groups. 3. The dietary addition of PVPP to AF-free diet did not significantly alter either T-lymphocyte or splenic plasma cell counts.
Aflatoxin B1 associated oxidative stress and immunological dysregulations are efficiently counteracted by dietary supplementation of distillery yeast sludge in broilers
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), produced by various species of toxigenic fungi, is among the most potent gen... more Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), produced by various species of toxigenic fungi, is among the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins which act as a major source of distress for the growing poultry sector while distillery yeast sludge or distillery sludge (DS) is a byproduct of molasses-based industries and often treated as a waste despite of containing abundant nutrients particularly protein contents, basic amino acids and vitamins along with other macro and micronutrients. This study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress and immunological alterations induced by AFB1 and their amelioration by dietary supplementation of DS. 3. For this purpose, 360 newly hatched broiler chicks were randomly divided into twelve groups (30 birds each) and fed different combinations of AFB1 (100, 200 and 600 µg/kg) and DS (5 and 10 g/kg) for 42 days. The parameters under consideration were total antioxidant capacity, antibody response to intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells, in-situ ...
In vitro mycotoxin binding capacities of clays, glucomannan and their combinations
Toxicon
British Poultry Science, 2022
1. Aflatoxins’ (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are det... more 1. Aflatoxins’ (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are detoxified by the aflatoxin-B1 aldehyde reductase (AFAR) pathway. In this pathway, the aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (AKR7A2) enzyme is controlled by nucleic-related erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an active role. However, data on the efficacy of this critical pathway in broilers is limited. 2. The aim of the following study was the changes in the expression levels of AKR7A2, Nrf2, and caspase-3, and the effects of Nigella sativa seeds (NS), thymoquinone (TMQ), and bentonite (BNT) on expression were investigated in broilers exposed to AFs. 3. One-hundred broilers were divided into ten groups (control (CNT); AF; NS; TMQ; BNT; AF+TMQ; AF+NS; AF+BNT; AF+BNT+NS; AF+BNT+TMQ) and fed for 28 d. AF. TMQ, NS and BNT were added to diets at levels of 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 50 g/kg and 10 g/kg respectively. 4. The addition of AF to the diet decreased AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels dramatically, but increased caspase-3 (P<0.01). TMQ, NS and BNT additions to the diet eliminated all negative effects caused by AF (P<0.01); and AKR7A2 and Nrf2 were further raised in TMQ and NS groups when compared to the control group. TMQ and NS showed a positive effect on detoxification parameters when given together with BNT. 5. Supplementation with NS and TMQ enhanced AF detoxification via the AFAR pathway, by increasing AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels, in addition to reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.
Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in goats after different administration routes
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2021
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic aci... more The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic acid in goats after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations at 2 mg/kg dose. In this study, eight clinically healthy goats were used. The study comprised four periods, according to a crossover design with at least a 15-day washout period between treatments. Plasma concentrations of tolfenamic acid were determined by HPLC-UV, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a non-compartmental method. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half-life, volume of distribution at steady state, and total clearance were 1.60 h, 0.37 L/kg, and 0.27 L/h/kg, respectively. The mean peak plasma concentration following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 1.77, 1.22, and 0.30 μg/ml, respectively. The mean bioavailability following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 64.46, 55.43, and 19.46%, respectively. The PO route, which exhibits both the low plasma concentration and bioavailability, is not recommended in goats. The IV, IM, and SC routes, which show comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, may be proposed for use in goats. However, the multi-dose and pharmacodynamic studies are necessary to establish more accurately its safety and efficacy in the goat.
The ameliorative effects of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone, and bentonite against aflatoxicosis in broilers via AFAR and Nrf2 signalling pathways, and down-regulation of caspase-3
1. Aflatoxins' (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are... more 1. Aflatoxins' (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are detoxified by the aflatoxin-B<sub>1</sub> aldehyde reductase (AFAR) pathway. In this pathway, the aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (AKR7A2) enzyme is controlled by nucleic-related erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an active role. However, data on the efficacy of this critical pathway in broilers is limited. 2. The aim of the following study was the changes in the expression levels of AKR7A2, Nrf2, and caspase-3, and the effects of <i>Nigella sativa</i> seeds (NS), thymoquinone (TMQ), and bentonite (BNT) on expression were investigated in broilers exposed to AFs. 3. One-hundred broilers were divided into ten groups (control (CNT); AF; NS; TMQ; BNT; AF+TMQ; AF+NS; AF+BNT; AF+BNT+NS; AF+BNT+TMQ) and fed for 28 d. AF. TMQ, NS and BNT were added to diets at levels of 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 50 g/kg and 10 g/kg respectively. 4. The addition of AF to the diet decreased...
Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2011
Bu meta-analitik derlemede kanatlı yemlerindeki aflatoksinlerin etkisizleştirilmesi ile ilgili ge... more Bu meta-analitik derlemede kanatlı yemlerindeki aflatoksinlerin etkisizleştirilmesi ile ilgili genel bilgiler verildikten sonra bu amaçla yem katkısı şeklinde kullanılan adsorbanlar ve biyolojik ürünlerle yapılan in vivo deneysel çalışmalar özetler halinde sunuldu. Bu amaçla 33 farklı ülkede gerçekleştirilen toplam 135 araştıma tarandı ve sonuçları ana hatlarıyla verildi. Bu derleme ile ilgili konuda yapılan tüm çalışmalar ve sonuçlarının konu ile ilgilenen sektör ve bilim temsilcilerine ülkeler bazında toplu halde sunulması ve onların bütüncül bir değerlendirme yapmalarına imkan sağlanması amaçlandı.
The ameliorative effects of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone, and bentonite against aflatoxicosis in broilers via AFAR and Nrf2 signalling pathways, and down-regulation of caspase-3
British Poultry Science, 2021
1. Aflatoxins' (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are... more 1. Aflatoxins' (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are detoxified by the aflatoxin-B1 aldehyde reductase (AFAR) pathway. In this pathway, the aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (AKR7A2) enzyme is controlled by nucleic-related erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an active role. However, data on the efficacy of this critical pathway in broilers is limited.2. The aim of the following study was the changes in the expression levels of AKR7A2, Nrf2, and caspase-3, and the effects of Nigella sativa seeds (NS), thymoquinone (TMQ), and bentonite (BNT) on expression were investigated in broilers exposed to AFs.3. One-hundred broilers were divided into ten groups (control (CNT); AF; NS; TMQ; BNT; AF+TMQ; AF+NS; AF+BNT; AF+BNT+NS; AF+BNT+TMQ) and fed for 28 d. AF. TMQ, NS and BNT were added to diets at levels of 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 50 g/kg and 10 g/kg respectively.4. The addition of AF to the diet decreased AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels dramatically, but increased caspase-3 (P<0.01). TMQ, NS and BNT additions to the diet eliminated all negative effects caused by AF (P<0.01); and AKR7A2 and Nrf2 were further raised in TMQ and NS groups when compared to the control group. TMQ and NS showed a positive effect on detoxification parameters when given together with BNT.5. Supplementation with NS and TMQ enhanced AF detoxification via the AFAR pathway, by increasing AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels, in addition to reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2001
The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations ... more The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (CLI), incorporated into the diet at 1Á5 and 2Á5 per cent, was evaluated for the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2Á5 mg total aflatoxin (AF) kg À1 diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into six treatment groups [Control, AF, CLI (1Á5 per cent), AF plus CLI (1Á5 per cent), CLI (2Á5 per cent), and AF plus CLI (2Á5 per cent)] each consisting of 60 chicks. Compared to controls, the AF consuming chicks showed increases in the relative weights of liver and kidney; and gross-histopathologic hepatic lesions such as paleness, friability, diffuse hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change, bile-duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis. Glumerular hypertrophy, increases in the number of mesengial cells and hydropic degeneration of tubuler epithelium in kidneys of chicks fed diet AF alone were also observed. Atrophy and lymphoid depletion were seen in the thymuses and bursa of Fabricius from the chicks fed AF alone. The additions of CLI (1Á5 and 2Á5 per cent) to the AF-containing diet moderately (significantly in some cases) decreased the number of affected broilers and/or the severity of lesions. The addition of CLI to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls. These results suggest that CLI was effective for the protection of AF-toxication in broilers and it could contribute to a solution of the AF problem in poultry production.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2015
The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations ... more The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of yeast component (esterified glucomannan; EG). EG, incorporated into the diet at 0.5 and 1 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the detrimental effects of 2 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 82.72% AFB 1 , 5.50% AFB 2 , 10.20% AFG 1 and 1.58% AFG 2 ) in diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were divided into 6 treatment groups [control, AF, EG (0.5 g/kg), AF plus EG (0.5 g/kg), EG (1 g/kg), and AF plus EG (1 g/kg)]. Compared to the control, AF treatment significantly decreased body weight gain from week 2 onwards. AF treatment also caused significant decreases in serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine levels and alanine-aminotransferase (ALAT) activity but increased the aspartate-aminotransferase (ASAT) activity. Red blood cell, haematocrit, haemoglobin, thrombocyte, and lymphocyte counts and tibial crude ash levels were significantly reduced by AF treatment, while significant increases were seen in heterophil counts. The addition of EG (1 g/kg) to an AF-containing diet significantly improved the adverse effects of AF on haematological parameters, total protein, albumin values and ASAT activity. EG (1 g/kg) also partially improved body weight gains (59%) and the other biochemical parameters influenced by AF treatment. The addition of EG (both 0.5 and 1 g/kg) to the AF-free diet did not cause any considerable changes in the investigated values. These results clearly indicated that EG (1 g/kg) addition effectively diminished the adverse effects of AF on the investigated values. Also, the higher dietary concentration of EG (1 g/kg) was found more effective than the lower concentration (0.5 g/kg) against the adverse effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study.
The use of pyretroid insecticides in veterinary medicine and their importance in public health and environmental sanitation
Archivum veterinarium Polonicum / Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Veterinary Sciences
In this review the toxicological features of pyretroids, their uses and importance in veterinary ... more In this review the toxicological features of pyretroids, their uses and importance in veterinary medicine, public health and environmental sanitation were summarised.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2000
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural ze... more This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural zeolite) in the prevention of toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF). A total of 576 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were housed in six treatment groups [six replicates of 16 each; control, CLI (15 g kg -1 diet), 50 parts per billion (ppb) AF, 50 ppb AF plus CLI, 100 ppb AF, 100 ppb AF plus CLI] for 42 days. Compared to controls, 100 ppb AF treatment significantly decreased body weight gains of chicks. The addition of CLI to the 100 ppb AFcontaining diet moderately reduced the adverse effects of AF on performances of chicks. The chicks consuming 50 ppb AF-containing diet showed no significant differences on investigated parameters compared to controls. Also, the single addition of CLI to the AF-free diet had no adverse effects in birds. These results suggest that CLI can be beneficial in broilers for protection of AF toxicity at the level above.
Application of planar chromatography on determination of aflatoxin B1 in silage
Introduction: Aflatoxin B1 is naturally occurring mycotoxin that is produced by many species of A... more Introduction: Aflatoxin B1 is naturally occurring mycotoxin that is produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, most notably Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, bifurano-coumarin derivative. Aflatoxins B1 is toxic and is one of the most potent hepato-carcinogens mycotoxins known. It appears to occur much frequently in silage, although analytical methods for its determination have not been always have been dedected. Experimental: This presentation deals with the planar chromatographyh method for determination of aflatoxin B1 in silage. Dried and ground silage (20 g) was mixed with 10 ml and 100 ml chloroform and shaken for 10 min. Decant through filter paper into 50 ml glass-stopper. Added ca. 10 g anhydrous Na2SO4 to 50 ml filtrate. Prepared Florosil column for cleanup as fallows: Inserted glass wool in bottom of chromatographic column. Added 5 g anhydrous granulated Na2SO4, 0.7 g Florosil, and 0.5 g anhydrous granulated Na2SO4. Washed column with 30 ml chloroform...
Determination of aflatoxins in livestock mixed feed and feed ingredients
During 2009 ‐ 2012 period, mixed feeds (n=56) and feed ingredients (n=59), from differenteight pr... more During 2009 ‐ 2012 period, mixed feeds (n=56) and feed ingredients (n=59), from differenteight provinces (Afyonkarahisar, Aksaray, Antalya, Burdur, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Niğde), submitted to Toxicology Laboratory, Konya Veterinary Control Institute with suspected aflatoxins(B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2)) were analyzed in this study. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxin using thin layer chromatographic and semi‐quantitativemethod for detection and quantification. A floriosil column was used during preparation of samples. AFB1 was found in 16 samples of mixed feed (28.6 %) and 9 feed ingredient (15.3 %) whereas AFB2 in 2 mixed feed (3.6 %) and 3 feed ingredients (5.1 %). AFG1 and AFG2 were detected in only one sample of feed ingredients (1.7 %). It was found that AFB1 levels in mixed feed samples ranged from 1 to 20 g/kg and were 0.5 to 60 g/kg in feed ingredient samples. However AFB2 levels in mixed feed samples ranged from 0.2 to 2 g/kg and were 0.5 to 15 g/kg in f...
Research in Veterinary Science, 2000
AFLATOXINS (AF), a group of closely related, extremely toxic chemicals, are produced by Aspergill... more AFLATOXINS (AF), a group of closely related, extremely toxic chemicals, are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and can occur as natural contaminants of poultry foods. Aflatoxicosis is an important disease of livestock and poultry. The frequent AF contamination of agricultural commodities and the chronic exposure of poultry to these toxins can mean the difference between profit and loss to the poultry industry (Edds and Bortell 1983, Kaya et al 1990, Leeson et al 1995). Aflatoxicosis in poultry is characterised by listlessness, anorexia with lowered growth rate, poor food utilisation, decreased weight gain, decreased egg production, and increased susceptibility to environmental and microbial stresses, and increased mortality (
Research in Veterinary Science, 2002
و )C و B( مربوط )36/40±7/57( LDL-C و )119/80±11/39( تام کلســترول ،)105/60±17/49( گل... more و )C و B( مربوط )36/40±7/57( LDL-C و )119/80±11/39( تام کلســترول ،)105/60±17/49( گلیسرید تری کاهش بیشترین ،)p>0/05( دادند نشان های پروفایل بر ها آن اثرات و دارو دو بین مقایسه در .)162±10/15( گردید مشاهده D گروه در نیز HDL-C افزایش بیشترین بود. D گروه به
Research in Veterinary Science, 2005
This study was conducted to evaluate the pathological changes in broilers fed a diet containing l... more This study was conducted to evaluate the pathological changes in broilers fed a diet containing low-levels of aflatoxin (AF) and clinoptilolite (CLI) until 42 days of age. A total of 576 one-day-old Ross-308 type broiler chicks were treated with varying levels of AF and CLI (15 g kg À1). The gross and histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were investigated and relative organ weights were calculated. Compared to controls, significant changes (P < 0.05), such as slight to moderate hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change (8 cases of 10), bile-duct hyperplasia (7 of 10) and periportal fibrosis (5 of 10), were found in chicks fed 100 ppb AF-containing diet. No gross-pathological changes were observed in any treatments. The addition of CLI to the 100 ppb AF-containing diet significantly decreased the number of affected broilers and/or the severity of lesions (hydropic degeneration and bile-duct hyperplasia) in the livers (P < 0.05). The addition of CLI to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant lesions compared with the controls.
Enzyme histochemical and serological inves-tigations on the immune system from chickens treated in ovo with aflatoxin B (AFB)
Revue Méd. …, 2011
... 4. - BATRA P., PRUTHI AK, SADANA JR: Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the efficacy of turkey herpesv... more ... 4. - BATRA P., PRUTHI AK, SADANA JR: Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the efficacy of turkey herpesvirus vaccine against Marek's disease. ... 16. - KONUK T.: Pratik Fizyoloji, Konuk T. (ed.), Ankara Universitesi Ve-teriner Fakultesi Yayınları, AU Basımevi, Ankara, 1981, 378, pp.: 90-103. ...
Effect of clinoptilolite on performance of broiler chickens during experimental aflatoxicosis
British Poultry Science, 2000
1. The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding 2 concentrations... more 1. The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding 2 concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (CLI), incorporated into the diet at 15 and 25 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 76.40% AFB1, 16.12% AFB2, 6.01% AFG1 and 1.47% AFG in diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups (6 replicates of 10 broilers each): control, AF, CLI (15 g/kg), AF plus CLI (15 g/kg), CLI (25 g/kg), and AF plus CLI (25 g/kg). 2. Compared to controls, the treatment had significantly decreased body weight gain from week 1 onwards. The adverse effect of AF on food consumption (8.0%) and food conversion ratio (8.3%) was also shown over the entire 21-d feeding period. 3. The addition of CLI (15 g/kg) to an AF-containing diet significantly reduced the deleterious effects of AF on food consumption and body weight gain. Food conversion ratio was also slightly improved by adding CLI (15 g/kg) to AF-containing diets. Food consumption, body weight gain and food conversion ratio values were rendered numerically intermediate between AF and control groups by the addition of CLI (25 g/kg) to the AF-containing diet. 4. The addition of CLI (both 15 and 25 g/kg) to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls, except for decreased total food consumption in the CLI (25 g/kg)-alone group. 5. These results suggest that CLI (15 g/kg) addition effectively diminished the detrimental effects of AF on the values investigated. Also, the lower dietary concentration of CLI (15 g/kg) was more effective than the greater concentration against the adverse effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study.
Embryotoxicity assay of aflatoxin produced byAspergillus parasiticusNRRL 2999
British Poultry Science, 2000
1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were evaluated by a modifi... more 1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were evaluated by a modified chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST). Adverse effects on the early embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius were also investigated by light microscopy. AF consisted of 83.06% AFB1, 12.98% AFB2, 2.84% AFG1 and 1.12% AFG2. 2. A total of 448 fertilised laying hens' eggs were used. AF and AFB1 were injected into the eggs at doses of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/egg. Embryonic developmental stages were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale (HH-scale). 3. The results showed that AFB1 given at 10 ng/egg had a significantly (P<0.05) greater embryotoxic effect than AF given at a similar dose. The higher doses of both AF and AFB1 caused higher embryonic mortality and also an increase in early deaths. 4. In the groups receiving 100 ng/egg AF and AFB1 an abnormal development was seen, with a protruded central region, corresponding to the area pellucida of the blastoderm. No other developmental abnormality attributable to AF or AFB1 was found.
Efficacy of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in reducing the immunotoxicity of aflatoxin in growing broilers
British Poultry Science, 2000
1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix Plus) against th... more 1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix Plus) against the immunosuppressive effect of afatoxins (AF) was evaluated by determination of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte proportions and splenic plasma cell counts. Histological changes in lymphoid organs were also investigated by light microscopy. One-d-old broiler chicks (Hybro) received 2.5 mg/kg diet AF (83.06% AFB1, 12.98% AFB2, 2.84% AFG1, 1.12% AFG2) with or without PVPP (3g/kg diet) until 21 d of age. When compared with controls, AF treatment significantly decreased peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. AF caused a slight decrease in splenic plasma cell counts. The addition of PVPP to an AF-containing diet significantly increased T-lymphocyte counts. Splenic plasma cell counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF groups. 3. The dietary addition of PVPP to AF-free diet did not significantly alter either T-lymphocyte or splenic plasma cell counts.
The ameliorative effects of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone, and bentonite against aflatoxicosis in broilers via AFAR and Nrf2 signalling pathways, and down-regulation of caspase-3
British Poultry Science , 2022
1. Aflatoxins’ (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are det... more 1. Aflatoxins’ (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are detoxified by the aflatoxin-B1 aldehyde reductase (AFAR) pathway. In this pathway, the aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (AKR7A2) enzyme is controlled by nucleic-related erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an active role. However, data on the efficacy of this critical pathway in broilers is limited.
2. The aim of the following study was the changes in the expression levels of AKR7A2, Nrf2, and caspase-3, and the effects of Nigella sativa seeds (NS), thymoquinone (TMQ), and bentonite (BNT) on expression were investigated in broilers exposed to AFs.
3. One-hundred broilers were divided into ten groups (control (CNT); AF; NS; TMQ; BNT; AF+TMQ; AF+NS; AF+BNT; AF+BNT+NS; AF+BNT+TMQ) and fed for 28 d. AF. TMQ, NS and BNT were added to diets at levels of 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 50 g/kg and 10 g/kg respectively.
4. The addition of AF to the diet decreased AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels dramatically, but increased caspase-3 (P<0.01). TMQ, NS and BNT additions to the diet eliminated all negative effects caused by AF (P<0.01); and AKR7A2 and Nrf2 were further raised in TMQ and NS groups when compared to the control group. TMQ and NS showed a positive effect on detoxification parameters when given together with BNT.
5. Supplementation with NS and TMQ enhanced AF detoxification via the AFAR pathway, by increasing AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels, in addition to reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.