SAAD ABUALHAIL | Southeast University (China) (original) (raw)
Papers by SAAD ABUALHAIL
Open Engineering, 2022
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) fo... more The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural areas of Iraq. The performance of the three-chamber ABR has been investigated at four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 6 to 36 h. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency is enhanced with increasing HRT, where it was recorded at 75, 71, 63, and 56% removals rate of COD at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. The mean steady-state removals of total suspended solids are 91, 78, 72, and 67% at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. Also, it was shown that there was low-nutrients removal within the ABR. Consequently, the effluent ABR wastewater needs to be post-treated before being discharged to the receiving water bodies. In general, it is concluded that the ABR could introduce a solution for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural communities in Iraq.
Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2014
Hollow fiber membranes were prepared from polyethersulfone/additives/NMP&DMSO system via phase in... more Hollow fiber membranes were prepared from polyethersulfone/additives/NMP&DMSO system via phase inversion induced by precipitation in non-solvent coagulation bath. The interaction effects of polyethylene-glycol (PEG), propionic-acid (PA), Tween-20, PEG molecular weight and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) on morphology and performance of synthesized membranes were investigated. Taguchi method (L 16 orthogonal array) was used initially to plan a minimum number of experiments. 32 membranes were synthesized (with two replications) and their permeation flux and TOC rejection properties to oily wastewater treatment were studied. The obtained results indicated that addition of PA to spinning dope decreases flux while it increases TOC rejection of prepared membranes. Also, the result shows that addition of PVP, Tween-20 and PEG content in spinning dope enhances permeation flux while reducing TOC rejection. The obtained results indicated that the synthesized membranes was effective and suitable for treatment of the oily wastewater to achieve up to 92.6, 98.2, and 98.5% removal of TOC, TSS, and OGC, respectively with a flux of 247.19 L/(m 2 h). Moreover, Hermia' s models were used for permeation flux decline prediction. Experimental data and models predictions were compared. The results showed that there is reasonable agreement between experimental data and the cake layer model followed by the intermediate blocking model.
Environmental Technology, Dec 4, 2013
Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) reactors were started up at low temperatures to... more Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) reactors were started up at low temperatures to obtain microorganisms responsible for aerobic and anoxic phosphorus removal, namely polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying PAO (DPAO), and their operational performance and microbial community were together investigated in the hope of assessment of the effectiveness of the EBPR process at low temperature by combining chemical analysis and microbial community structure evolution based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. When two reactors reached the steady state after 40 and 80 days for the anaerobic-aerobic (AO) and anaerobic-anoxic (AA) reactor operation in AO and AA modes, respectively, a good ability of anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic or anoxic phosphorus uptake was present both in these two reactors. During this start-up process, a total of 22 bands were detected in seed, AA and AO sludge samples, including Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria, as well as Chlorobi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Of all the bands, only four bands were present in all the lanes, suggesting that shift in microbial community occurred greatly depending on the electron acceptors in this study. From evolutionary tree, it was found that microorganisms related to DPAO mostly belong to the phylum Betaproteobacteria, while microbes corresponding to PAO were present in several phyla. Overall, the new strategy proposed here was shown to be feasible for the enrichment of PAO and DPAO at low temperature, and may be regarded as a new guidance for the application of EBPR technology to practice, especially in winter.
SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIONS IN SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE AND COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS (ISACS 2022)
Removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N and PO4-P and NO3-N in five step SBR processes is widely influen... more Removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N and PO4-P and NO3-N in five step SBR processes is widely influenced by mean cell residence time of Five step sequencing batch reactor whereas the sludge age is influence directly on removal efficiency of this system therefore the operator of this system cannot control on this system without experience or a control model. The major objective of this study is develop a control model (Fuzzy Logic Control Model) based on fuzzy logic rule to predict the maximum removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N, PO4-P and NO3-N and minimize mean cell residence time of SBR process where the controlled variables was the sludge age in the five step system and the output variables was the COD, NH 4-N, PO4-P and NO3-N removal efficiency (or release rate when negative value) at constant ratio of C/N/P and hydraulic retention time. In order to improve the network performance, fuzzy subtractive clustering was used to identify model architecture, extract and optimize fuzzy rule of ...
Environment Protection Engineering, 2014
A new strategy of enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying polyp... more A new strategy of enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAO) at low temperature ranging from 8 °C to 11 °C was demonstrated through two lab-scale reactors operated in sequential anaerobic-aerobic (AO) or anaerobic-anoxic (AA) conditions. It was found that the AO reactor is able to achieve a good phosphorus removal performance after 40 days of operation, while a similar stable phosphorus removal can be obtained in the AA reactor after 80 days. This result suggests that the enrichment of PAO was easier than that of DPAO at low temperature. Through switching batch tests, when DPAO is exposed to aerobic conditions, it can immediately exhibit a good phosphorus removal similar to that under anoxic conditions, while PAO can only present poor phosphorus removal when exposed to anoxic conditions, suggesting that two different types of Accumulibacter were enriched both in AA and AO reactors. Microbial analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining revealed that Accumulibacter was dominant both in the two reactors, accounting for 61.6% and 79.3% of all bacteria in AA and AO reactors, respectively. Although the different amount of Accumulibacter was enriched in the two reactors, the similar microbial morphologies were observed by using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), both presenting long-rod morphology. This kind of Accumulibacter may display affinities for sodium acetate used as the carbon sources here. This strategy proposed in this study was shown to be effective in achieving a very high enrichment of Accumulibacter at low temperature by linking chemical analysis with microbial observation.
Environment Protection Engineering, 2013
An anaerobic-anoxic/oxic (AA/O) five-tank biological process called five-step continuous flow act... more An anaerobic-anoxic/oxic (AA/O) five-tank biological process called five-step continuous flow activated sludge process (FSCFASP) was developed to force the oscillation of organic matter and nutrient concentrations in process reactors. The run scheme and schematic diagram of FSCFASP was described. The run cycle was divided into two symmetrical half cycles with eight periods during each cycle. The duration of each period was established according to biological process requirements. The optimal running times of the periods were 90, 60, 60, 30, 90, 60,6 0 and 30 min at the HRT of 16 h, air/water ratio of 35% and SRT of 21 day at the temperature range of 19-23 °C. The optimized system achieved 88.09±1.43%, 90.33±2.9%, 68.83±5.34% and 87.67±2.9% of the chemical oxygen demand, NH 4 +-N, TN, and TP removal efficiencies, respectively, during a 11-month operation with the effluent meeting the Chinese sewage discharge standard GB18918-2002 (1evel A). Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phenomena were observed in the tank one which is important to reduce the quantity of aeration and the duration of a next anoxic state. Compared with other existing technologies, this system achieved high nitrogen and phosphorus removal without equipment of sludge and mixed liquor return. Thus, it is effective for reducing energy consumption.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2017
Journal of Chemistry, 2014
The present work focuses on the investigation of denitrifying phosphorus removal organisms (DPB) ... more The present work focuses on the investigation of denitrifying phosphorus removal organisms (DPB) in a novel two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process by combining chemical with microbial analysis. When the two-sludge process operated stably over one year, good phosphorus (P) release and P uptake performance of activated sludge samples collected from this process were present in anaerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively, via batch test, showing that the ratio of P release specific rate to P uptake specific rate was 1.31. The analysis of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) showed that P content of activated sludge samples collected at the end of anoxic phase was 12.3% of dry weight, further demonstrating the existence of microorganisms responsible for phosphorus removal in this two-sludge process. From polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis, the presence of microorganisms mostly belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteoba...
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2016
In this study, Zero Valent Iron (ZV-I), Activated Carbon (AC) and Natural Zeolite (NZ) were utili... more In this study, Zero Valent Iron (ZV-I), Activated Carbon (AC) and Natural Zeolite (NZ) were utilized as reactive material for testing its effectiveness for removal manganese and copper in the waste of Mine Landfills. Hereby, four parameters were taken in this study which is initial concentration of metal, initial groundwater alkalinity PH and dosage of reactive ZV-I, AC, or NZ. Batch results show that ZV-I is the most effective materials for removal manganese and copper up to 48 ppm at low concentration of ZV-I 1990-4990 ppm while initial pH range varies between three through seven. The study discovered that ZV-I reactive compound can be used effectively for manganese removal through settling and adsorption on ZV-I, while copper is basically removed by ZV-I through direct reductive settling. Also, ACcompared to ZV-I reactive material has not significant effect on manganese removal whereas AC basically removed manganese by adsorption while Copper is removed basically by settling. The removal of Copper and manganese can be increased by increasing detention time and dosage of carbon. The study showed that manganese and copper are removed slowly and ineffective by NZ compound.
Engineering, 2010
Removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N and PO4-P and NO3-N in five step SBR processes is widely influen... more Removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N and PO4-P and NO3-N in five step SBR processes is widely influenced by hydraulic retention time of Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic step of this system where the hydraulic retention time in each step is influence directly on removal efficiency of this system therefore the operator of this system cannot control on this system without experience or a control model. The major objective of this paper is develop a control model (Fuzzy Logic Control Model) based on fuzzy logic rule to predict the maximum removal efficiency of COD,NH4-N,PO4-P and NO3-N and minimize hydraulic retention time in each step of SBR process where the controlled variables was the hydraulic retention times in the Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic step respectively and the output variables was the COD, NH4-N, PO4-P and NO3-N removal efficiency at constant ratio of C/N/P and sludge age. As a results Fuzzy logic if-then rules were used and MIMO Model was built to control COD, NH4-Nand PO4-P and NO3-N removal efficiency based on hydraulic retention time in each tank of five step SBR process where the three dimension results show that the influence of hydraulic residence time at each step of SBR system on removal efficiency COD, NH4-N, PO4-P and NO3-N. Fuzzy control model provide a suitable tool for control and fast predict of Hydraulic residence time effects on biological nutrient removal efficiency in five-step sequencing batch reactor.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2017
ammonia-nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were not less than 76.11%, 87.78%, 76.45% a... more ammonia-nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were not less than 76.11%, 87.78%, 76.45% and 83.75%, respectively, using the integrated real-time control strategy. The integrated IMT-A 2 O exhibited a better performance in nutrient removal than the fixed-time IMT-A 2 O process.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2013
An anaerobic-anoxic/oxic (A2/O) multi-phased biological process called ''phased isolation tank st... more An anaerobic-anoxic/oxic (A2/O) multi-phased biological process called ''phased isolation tank step feed technology (PITSF)'' was developed to force the oscillation of organic and nutrient concentrations in process reactors. PITSF can be operated safely with a limited carbon source in terms of low carbon requirements and aeration costs whereas NAR was achieved over 95% in the last aerobic zone through a combination of short HRT and low DO levels. PCR assay was used for X AB quantification to correlate X AB numbers with nutrient removal. PCR assays showed, high NAR was achieved at X AB population 5.2 • 10 8 cells/g MLVSS in response to complete and partial nitrification process. It was exhibited that low DO with short HRT promoted X AB growth.
2011 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications, 2011
The objective of this paper is to simulate and Predict suspended solid removal efficiency in mult... more The objective of this paper is to simulate and Predict suspended solid removal efficiency in multimedia filter depend on experimental work for (43) case studies. The experimental work was carried out on pilot unit by changing each one of the input parameter and get results for each change. The suspended solid removal efficiency obtained from laboratory was used as target function in ANN while the other properties of filter such as raw water quality, operation conditions and media characteristics was used as input parameters. The optimal number of neurons in ANN network structure was investigated in this study. As a result, ANN with back propagation algorithm is a good tool that can use to predict removal efficiency of multimedia filter the results indicated that the BP model had showed a good convergence performance during training, and the model predictions of outflow suspended solid removal efficiency coincided well with the measured values.
Journal of Environmental Protection, 2010
Modeling of filter performance is very difficult because of complexity of the defining physical a... more Modeling of filter performance is very difficult because of complexity of the defining physical and chemical events in the filtration system whereas the knowledge of functionality of filter coefficient. The main objective of this study is to predict the performance of multimedia filter and to evaluate both the initial and transient stage of suspended solid removal efficiency depending on experimental data. Fuzzy logic has been used to build a model of multi input and one output (MISO) for the removal efficiency of multimedia filter which it consists from sand and granular activated carbon (GAC) mediums. The control parameters of (FLC) of Sugeno model are seven parameters which are media depths, media grains size for both sand and GAC, filtration rate, diameter of suspension particle, feed concentration, and operation time. The output parameter is removal efficiency of media filter whereas these data are collocated from pilot scale deep bed filter, thus, the removal efficiency of filter was modeled by 575 rules as a function of different control parameters. An adaptive of neuron fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) had used to simulate the experimental data. The simulation results were evaluated using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), whereas the results showed that the prediction of ANFIS model has a good agreement with experimental data when the MAPE is equal to 7.0458 and fuzzy rule-based modeling proved a reliable and flexible tool to study the performance of multimedia filter. The conclusion showed that there is a relationship between flow rate, effective size and optimum bed depth for all filter media, the increment of effective size generates a higher value of optimum filter bed depth for a lower value of filtration rate. It was concluded that the optimal removal efficiency (95-100) achieved by (0.5-0.7 mm) grain size of sand, (1.5-1.9) mm grain size of granular activated carbon (GAC), with media depths should range from 0.3 to 0.6 m.
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013
An eight-phased AA/O process has advantages of saving energy power, cost, and enhancing nitrogen ... more An eight-phased AA/O process has advantages of saving energy power, cost, and enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal; it does not need equipment for sludge and mixed liquor recycle and also it required small land for construction. A computer program was built based on activated sludge model No. 2d (ASM2d) for simulating the performance of multi-tank AA/O activated sludge process in Wuxi campus, southeast university. The difficulty of simulation is the system operation with unsteadily state condition. The results indicated that the growth rate constant of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was 1.4 day À1 and yield coefficient was 0.14. According to simulation, heterotrophic organism X H, phosphate accumulating organism X PAO , and ammonia oxidizing bacteria X AOB decreased in the anaerobic tanks because of the lysis reaction. Then the X H, X PAO , and X A increased in the aerobic tanks due to aerobic growth. The heterotrophic microorganism; phosphorus accumulating organism; and autotrophic bacteria concentrations increased in quantities by about 56, 36, and 74% in tank one due to changes in the environmental state condition from anaerobic to aerobic and decreased in quantities by about 20, 44, and 0.14% in the tank three due to changes in the environmental state condition from aerobic to anoxic. The ratio of total nitrifying species to total active biomass varied between 1 and 12% in multi-tank AA/O process. The multi-tank AA/O system achieved 89 ± 1.3%, 87.7 ± 1.1%, 73.6 ± 2.1%, and 83.7 ± 0.9% of chemical oxygen demand, NH 4 +-N, TN, and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies, respectively, during a six-month operation with the effluent meeting Chinese sewage discharge standard GB18918-Grade A.
American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010
Problem statement: The wastewater from petrochemical complex is varying in flow, organic contamin... more Problem statement: The wastewater from petrochemical complex is varying in flow, organic contaminant loading and composition due to various operating condition of the petrochemical complex. This study is demonstration case of petrochemical wastewater treatment plant. Approach: This study is demonstration case on Basrah petrochemical wastewater treatment plant whereas the description of wastewater composition and system of treatment had reviewed and the experimental work on the most important control parameters (F/M ratio and MCRT) had implemented. Results: The experimental results showed that (i) The optimum rate of BOD removal could be obtained at food to microorganism ratio between 0.1-0.15 where this optimum ratio exists at the maximum zone settling velocity (ii) The design effluent BOD5 could be obtained at a MLSS concentration of 6000 mg L −1 and in about 26-30 day of mean cell residence time Conclusion: The experimental data from petrochemical wastewater treatment plant in Basra City (south of Iraq) showed that the extended Aeration offers the most desirable features for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater where the specification of this method apply with experimental results as well as that the study show that control parameters (F/M ratio and MCRT) is a good tool to control the effluent wastewater quality of petrochemical wastewater treatment plant.
E3S Web of Conferences, 2019
This study investigates the suitability of Garmat Ali river (Iraq) for irrigation uses. Two stati... more This study investigates the suitability of Garmat Ali river (Iraq) for irrigation uses. Two stations were chosen: station A; far from any polluted water discharge point, and station C; near to a very contaminated water discharge point). Water samples were picked up and tested for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chlorine, and nitrate. Three samples were collected in January and March 2019 from each site, to reflect the wet season in Iraq. Besides the classification of water quality parameters of Garmat Ali river for watering, other parameters were also calculated, such as sodium adsorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, exchangeable sodium percentage, magnesium hazard, kelly ratio, permeability index, and potential salinity. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines, the overall results showed that the salinity and chlorine were within the range that causing severe problem t...
Environmental Technology, 2014
The performance of a new pilot-scale six tanks activated sludge process has been evaluated for 30... more The performance of a new pilot-scale six tanks activated sludge process has been evaluated for 303 d, receiving real domestic wastewater with a flow rate of 15-24.4 L/h. Partial nitrification via nitrite and microbial community structure were investigated in this system. The result shows that the nitrite accumulation rate was achieved successfully over 94% in the last aerobic compartment through a combination of short hydraulic retention time and low dissolved oxygen (DO) level. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was used to correlate ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) numbers with nutrient removal via nitrite. It was shown that in response to complete and partial nitrification modes, the numbers of AOB population were 7.7 x 10(7) cells/g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 5.31 x 10(8) cells/g MLSS, respectively. The morphology of the sludge indicated that there is a small rod-shaped and spherical cluster which was mainly dominantly bacterial according to scanning electron microscope. Higher pollutant removal efficiencies of 86.2%, 98%, and 96.1%, for total nitrogen, NH4+ - N, and total phosphorus, respectively, were achieved by a long-term operation of the six tanks activated sludge process at a low DO concentration and low chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratio which were approximately equal to the complete nitrification-ldenitrification with the addition of an external carbon source at a concentration of 1.5-2.5 mg/L.
Desalination and Water Treatment, Jun 1, 2013
Abstract Approach: Backwashing process was implemented using column of deep bed filter with diffe... more Abstract Approach: Backwashing process was implemented using column of deep bed filter with different media characteristics to provide optimal operation condition. Minimum velocity of fluidization (V mf) and porosity at minimum fluidization (e mf) were investigated under different operation condition and grains size. The results were compared with Wen and Yu equation and Richardson–Zaki correlation, respectively. Backwashing model was developed to predict the effect of fluid shear strength (τ a), velocity grade (G), dissipation rate coefficient (C a), and parameters of random motion ( /Re) on the energy dissipation rate during fluidization process. Results: The simulated result of proposed models gives a good convergence to observed data. It was seen that a smaller size of sand media need a lower value of backwash velocity than a higher size for lifting filter media. Fixed bed porosity increased from 0.510 to 0.704 at bigger size of sand media (1.18 mm), while it increased to 0.680 at smaller size of sand...
Open Engineering, 2022
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) fo... more The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural areas of Iraq. The performance of the three-chamber ABR has been investigated at four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 6 to 36 h. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency is enhanced with increasing HRT, where it was recorded at 75, 71, 63, and 56% removals rate of COD at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. The mean steady-state removals of total suspended solids are 91, 78, 72, and 67% at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. Also, it was shown that there was low-nutrients removal within the ABR. Consequently, the effluent ABR wastewater needs to be post-treated before being discharged to the receiving water bodies. In general, it is concluded that the ABR could introduce a solution for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural communities in Iraq.
Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2014
Hollow fiber membranes were prepared from polyethersulfone/additives/NMP&DMSO system via phase in... more Hollow fiber membranes were prepared from polyethersulfone/additives/NMP&DMSO system via phase inversion induced by precipitation in non-solvent coagulation bath. The interaction effects of polyethylene-glycol (PEG), propionic-acid (PA), Tween-20, PEG molecular weight and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) on morphology and performance of synthesized membranes were investigated. Taguchi method (L 16 orthogonal array) was used initially to plan a minimum number of experiments. 32 membranes were synthesized (with two replications) and their permeation flux and TOC rejection properties to oily wastewater treatment were studied. The obtained results indicated that addition of PA to spinning dope decreases flux while it increases TOC rejection of prepared membranes. Also, the result shows that addition of PVP, Tween-20 and PEG content in spinning dope enhances permeation flux while reducing TOC rejection. The obtained results indicated that the synthesized membranes was effective and suitable for treatment of the oily wastewater to achieve up to 92.6, 98.2, and 98.5% removal of TOC, TSS, and OGC, respectively with a flux of 247.19 L/(m 2 h). Moreover, Hermia' s models were used for permeation flux decline prediction. Experimental data and models predictions were compared. The results showed that there is reasonable agreement between experimental data and the cake layer model followed by the intermediate blocking model.
Environmental Technology, Dec 4, 2013
Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) reactors were started up at low temperatures to... more Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) reactors were started up at low temperatures to obtain microorganisms responsible for aerobic and anoxic phosphorus removal, namely polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying PAO (DPAO), and their operational performance and microbial community were together investigated in the hope of assessment of the effectiveness of the EBPR process at low temperature by combining chemical analysis and microbial community structure evolution based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. When two reactors reached the steady state after 40 and 80 days for the anaerobic-aerobic (AO) and anaerobic-anoxic (AA) reactor operation in AO and AA modes, respectively, a good ability of anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic or anoxic phosphorus uptake was present both in these two reactors. During this start-up process, a total of 22 bands were detected in seed, AA and AO sludge samples, including Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria, as well as Chlorobi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Of all the bands, only four bands were present in all the lanes, suggesting that shift in microbial community occurred greatly depending on the electron acceptors in this study. From evolutionary tree, it was found that microorganisms related to DPAO mostly belong to the phylum Betaproteobacteria, while microbes corresponding to PAO were present in several phyla. Overall, the new strategy proposed here was shown to be feasible for the enrichment of PAO and DPAO at low temperature, and may be regarded as a new guidance for the application of EBPR technology to practice, especially in winter.
SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIONS IN SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE AND COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS (ISACS 2022)
Removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N and PO4-P and NO3-N in five step SBR processes is widely influen... more Removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N and PO4-P and NO3-N in five step SBR processes is widely influenced by mean cell residence time of Five step sequencing batch reactor whereas the sludge age is influence directly on removal efficiency of this system therefore the operator of this system cannot control on this system without experience or a control model. The major objective of this study is develop a control model (Fuzzy Logic Control Model) based on fuzzy logic rule to predict the maximum removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N, PO4-P and NO3-N and minimize mean cell residence time of SBR process where the controlled variables was the sludge age in the five step system and the output variables was the COD, NH 4-N, PO4-P and NO3-N removal efficiency (or release rate when negative value) at constant ratio of C/N/P and hydraulic retention time. In order to improve the network performance, fuzzy subtractive clustering was used to identify model architecture, extract and optimize fuzzy rule of ...
Environment Protection Engineering, 2014
A new strategy of enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying polyp... more A new strategy of enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAO) at low temperature ranging from 8 °C to 11 °C was demonstrated through two lab-scale reactors operated in sequential anaerobic-aerobic (AO) or anaerobic-anoxic (AA) conditions. It was found that the AO reactor is able to achieve a good phosphorus removal performance after 40 days of operation, while a similar stable phosphorus removal can be obtained in the AA reactor after 80 days. This result suggests that the enrichment of PAO was easier than that of DPAO at low temperature. Through switching batch tests, when DPAO is exposed to aerobic conditions, it can immediately exhibit a good phosphorus removal similar to that under anoxic conditions, while PAO can only present poor phosphorus removal when exposed to anoxic conditions, suggesting that two different types of Accumulibacter were enriched both in AA and AO reactors. Microbial analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining revealed that Accumulibacter was dominant both in the two reactors, accounting for 61.6% and 79.3% of all bacteria in AA and AO reactors, respectively. Although the different amount of Accumulibacter was enriched in the two reactors, the similar microbial morphologies were observed by using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), both presenting long-rod morphology. This kind of Accumulibacter may display affinities for sodium acetate used as the carbon sources here. This strategy proposed in this study was shown to be effective in achieving a very high enrichment of Accumulibacter at low temperature by linking chemical analysis with microbial observation.
Environment Protection Engineering, 2013
An anaerobic-anoxic/oxic (AA/O) five-tank biological process called five-step continuous flow act... more An anaerobic-anoxic/oxic (AA/O) five-tank biological process called five-step continuous flow activated sludge process (FSCFASP) was developed to force the oscillation of organic matter and nutrient concentrations in process reactors. The run scheme and schematic diagram of FSCFASP was described. The run cycle was divided into two symmetrical half cycles with eight periods during each cycle. The duration of each period was established according to biological process requirements. The optimal running times of the periods were 90, 60, 60, 30, 90, 60,6 0 and 30 min at the HRT of 16 h, air/water ratio of 35% and SRT of 21 day at the temperature range of 19-23 °C. The optimized system achieved 88.09±1.43%, 90.33±2.9%, 68.83±5.34% and 87.67±2.9% of the chemical oxygen demand, NH 4 +-N, TN, and TP removal efficiencies, respectively, during a 11-month operation with the effluent meeting the Chinese sewage discharge standard GB18918-2002 (1evel A). Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phenomena were observed in the tank one which is important to reduce the quantity of aeration and the duration of a next anoxic state. Compared with other existing technologies, this system achieved high nitrogen and phosphorus removal without equipment of sludge and mixed liquor return. Thus, it is effective for reducing energy consumption.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2017
Journal of Chemistry, 2014
The present work focuses on the investigation of denitrifying phosphorus removal organisms (DPB) ... more The present work focuses on the investigation of denitrifying phosphorus removal organisms (DPB) in a novel two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process by combining chemical with microbial analysis. When the two-sludge process operated stably over one year, good phosphorus (P) release and P uptake performance of activated sludge samples collected from this process were present in anaerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively, via batch test, showing that the ratio of P release specific rate to P uptake specific rate was 1.31. The analysis of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) showed that P content of activated sludge samples collected at the end of anoxic phase was 12.3% of dry weight, further demonstrating the existence of microorganisms responsible for phosphorus removal in this two-sludge process. From polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis, the presence of microorganisms mostly belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteoba...
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2016
In this study, Zero Valent Iron (ZV-I), Activated Carbon (AC) and Natural Zeolite (NZ) were utili... more In this study, Zero Valent Iron (ZV-I), Activated Carbon (AC) and Natural Zeolite (NZ) were utilized as reactive material for testing its effectiveness for removal manganese and copper in the waste of Mine Landfills. Hereby, four parameters were taken in this study which is initial concentration of metal, initial groundwater alkalinity PH and dosage of reactive ZV-I, AC, or NZ. Batch results show that ZV-I is the most effective materials for removal manganese and copper up to 48 ppm at low concentration of ZV-I 1990-4990 ppm while initial pH range varies between three through seven. The study discovered that ZV-I reactive compound can be used effectively for manganese removal through settling and adsorption on ZV-I, while copper is basically removed by ZV-I through direct reductive settling. Also, ACcompared to ZV-I reactive material has not significant effect on manganese removal whereas AC basically removed manganese by adsorption while Copper is removed basically by settling. The removal of Copper and manganese can be increased by increasing detention time and dosage of carbon. The study showed that manganese and copper are removed slowly and ineffective by NZ compound.
Engineering, 2010
Removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N and PO4-P and NO3-N in five step SBR processes is widely influen... more Removal efficiency of COD, NH4-N and PO4-P and NO3-N in five step SBR processes is widely influenced by hydraulic retention time of Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic step of this system where the hydraulic retention time in each step is influence directly on removal efficiency of this system therefore the operator of this system cannot control on this system without experience or a control model. The major objective of this paper is develop a control model (Fuzzy Logic Control Model) based on fuzzy logic rule to predict the maximum removal efficiency of COD,NH4-N,PO4-P and NO3-N and minimize hydraulic retention time in each step of SBR process where the controlled variables was the hydraulic retention times in the Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic step respectively and the output variables was the COD, NH4-N, PO4-P and NO3-N removal efficiency at constant ratio of C/N/P and sludge age. As a results Fuzzy logic if-then rules were used and MIMO Model was built to control COD, NH4-Nand PO4-P and NO3-N removal efficiency based on hydraulic retention time in each tank of five step SBR process where the three dimension results show that the influence of hydraulic residence time at each step of SBR system on removal efficiency COD, NH4-N, PO4-P and NO3-N. Fuzzy control model provide a suitable tool for control and fast predict of Hydraulic residence time effects on biological nutrient removal efficiency in five-step sequencing batch reactor.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2017
ammonia-nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were not less than 76.11%, 87.78%, 76.45% a... more ammonia-nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were not less than 76.11%, 87.78%, 76.45% and 83.75%, respectively, using the integrated real-time control strategy. The integrated IMT-A 2 O exhibited a better performance in nutrient removal than the fixed-time IMT-A 2 O process.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2013
An anaerobic-anoxic/oxic (A2/O) multi-phased biological process called ''phased isolation tank st... more An anaerobic-anoxic/oxic (A2/O) multi-phased biological process called ''phased isolation tank step feed technology (PITSF)'' was developed to force the oscillation of organic and nutrient concentrations in process reactors. PITSF can be operated safely with a limited carbon source in terms of low carbon requirements and aeration costs whereas NAR was achieved over 95% in the last aerobic zone through a combination of short HRT and low DO levels. PCR assay was used for X AB quantification to correlate X AB numbers with nutrient removal. PCR assays showed, high NAR was achieved at X AB population 5.2 • 10 8 cells/g MLVSS in response to complete and partial nitrification process. It was exhibited that low DO with short HRT promoted X AB growth.
2011 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications, 2011
The objective of this paper is to simulate and Predict suspended solid removal efficiency in mult... more The objective of this paper is to simulate and Predict suspended solid removal efficiency in multimedia filter depend on experimental work for (43) case studies. The experimental work was carried out on pilot unit by changing each one of the input parameter and get results for each change. The suspended solid removal efficiency obtained from laboratory was used as target function in ANN while the other properties of filter such as raw water quality, operation conditions and media characteristics was used as input parameters. The optimal number of neurons in ANN network structure was investigated in this study. As a result, ANN with back propagation algorithm is a good tool that can use to predict removal efficiency of multimedia filter the results indicated that the BP model had showed a good convergence performance during training, and the model predictions of outflow suspended solid removal efficiency coincided well with the measured values.
Journal of Environmental Protection, 2010
Modeling of filter performance is very difficult because of complexity of the defining physical a... more Modeling of filter performance is very difficult because of complexity of the defining physical and chemical events in the filtration system whereas the knowledge of functionality of filter coefficient. The main objective of this study is to predict the performance of multimedia filter and to evaluate both the initial and transient stage of suspended solid removal efficiency depending on experimental data. Fuzzy logic has been used to build a model of multi input and one output (MISO) for the removal efficiency of multimedia filter which it consists from sand and granular activated carbon (GAC) mediums. The control parameters of (FLC) of Sugeno model are seven parameters which are media depths, media grains size for both sand and GAC, filtration rate, diameter of suspension particle, feed concentration, and operation time. The output parameter is removal efficiency of media filter whereas these data are collocated from pilot scale deep bed filter, thus, the removal efficiency of filter was modeled by 575 rules as a function of different control parameters. An adaptive of neuron fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) had used to simulate the experimental data. The simulation results were evaluated using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), whereas the results showed that the prediction of ANFIS model has a good agreement with experimental data when the MAPE is equal to 7.0458 and fuzzy rule-based modeling proved a reliable and flexible tool to study the performance of multimedia filter. The conclusion showed that there is a relationship between flow rate, effective size and optimum bed depth for all filter media, the increment of effective size generates a higher value of optimum filter bed depth for a lower value of filtration rate. It was concluded that the optimal removal efficiency (95-100) achieved by (0.5-0.7 mm) grain size of sand, (1.5-1.9) mm grain size of granular activated carbon (GAC), with media depths should range from 0.3 to 0.6 m.
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013
An eight-phased AA/O process has advantages of saving energy power, cost, and enhancing nitrogen ... more An eight-phased AA/O process has advantages of saving energy power, cost, and enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal; it does not need equipment for sludge and mixed liquor recycle and also it required small land for construction. A computer program was built based on activated sludge model No. 2d (ASM2d) for simulating the performance of multi-tank AA/O activated sludge process in Wuxi campus, southeast university. The difficulty of simulation is the system operation with unsteadily state condition. The results indicated that the growth rate constant of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was 1.4 day À1 and yield coefficient was 0.14. According to simulation, heterotrophic organism X H, phosphate accumulating organism X PAO , and ammonia oxidizing bacteria X AOB decreased in the anaerobic tanks because of the lysis reaction. Then the X H, X PAO , and X A increased in the aerobic tanks due to aerobic growth. The heterotrophic microorganism; phosphorus accumulating organism; and autotrophic bacteria concentrations increased in quantities by about 56, 36, and 74% in tank one due to changes in the environmental state condition from anaerobic to aerobic and decreased in quantities by about 20, 44, and 0.14% in the tank three due to changes in the environmental state condition from aerobic to anoxic. The ratio of total nitrifying species to total active biomass varied between 1 and 12% in multi-tank AA/O process. The multi-tank AA/O system achieved 89 ± 1.3%, 87.7 ± 1.1%, 73.6 ± 2.1%, and 83.7 ± 0.9% of chemical oxygen demand, NH 4 +-N, TN, and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies, respectively, during a six-month operation with the effluent meeting Chinese sewage discharge standard GB18918-Grade A.
American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010
Problem statement: The wastewater from petrochemical complex is varying in flow, organic contamin... more Problem statement: The wastewater from petrochemical complex is varying in flow, organic contaminant loading and composition due to various operating condition of the petrochemical complex. This study is demonstration case of petrochemical wastewater treatment plant. Approach: This study is demonstration case on Basrah petrochemical wastewater treatment plant whereas the description of wastewater composition and system of treatment had reviewed and the experimental work on the most important control parameters (F/M ratio and MCRT) had implemented. Results: The experimental results showed that (i) The optimum rate of BOD removal could be obtained at food to microorganism ratio between 0.1-0.15 where this optimum ratio exists at the maximum zone settling velocity (ii) The design effluent BOD5 could be obtained at a MLSS concentration of 6000 mg L −1 and in about 26-30 day of mean cell residence time Conclusion: The experimental data from petrochemical wastewater treatment plant in Basra City (south of Iraq) showed that the extended Aeration offers the most desirable features for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater where the specification of this method apply with experimental results as well as that the study show that control parameters (F/M ratio and MCRT) is a good tool to control the effluent wastewater quality of petrochemical wastewater treatment plant.
E3S Web of Conferences, 2019
This study investigates the suitability of Garmat Ali river (Iraq) for irrigation uses. Two stati... more This study investigates the suitability of Garmat Ali river (Iraq) for irrigation uses. Two stations were chosen: station A; far from any polluted water discharge point, and station C; near to a very contaminated water discharge point). Water samples were picked up and tested for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chlorine, and nitrate. Three samples were collected in January and March 2019 from each site, to reflect the wet season in Iraq. Besides the classification of water quality parameters of Garmat Ali river for watering, other parameters were also calculated, such as sodium adsorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, exchangeable sodium percentage, magnesium hazard, kelly ratio, permeability index, and potential salinity. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines, the overall results showed that the salinity and chlorine were within the range that causing severe problem t...
Environmental Technology, 2014
The performance of a new pilot-scale six tanks activated sludge process has been evaluated for 30... more The performance of a new pilot-scale six tanks activated sludge process has been evaluated for 303 d, receiving real domestic wastewater with a flow rate of 15-24.4 L/h. Partial nitrification via nitrite and microbial community structure were investigated in this system. The result shows that the nitrite accumulation rate was achieved successfully over 94% in the last aerobic compartment through a combination of short hydraulic retention time and low dissolved oxygen (DO) level. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was used to correlate ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) numbers with nutrient removal via nitrite. It was shown that in response to complete and partial nitrification modes, the numbers of AOB population were 7.7 x 10(7) cells/g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 5.31 x 10(8) cells/g MLSS, respectively. The morphology of the sludge indicated that there is a small rod-shaped and spherical cluster which was mainly dominantly bacterial according to scanning electron microscope. Higher pollutant removal efficiencies of 86.2%, 98%, and 96.1%, for total nitrogen, NH4+ - N, and total phosphorus, respectively, were achieved by a long-term operation of the six tanks activated sludge process at a low DO concentration and low chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratio which were approximately equal to the complete nitrification-ldenitrification with the addition of an external carbon source at a concentration of 1.5-2.5 mg/L.
Desalination and Water Treatment, Jun 1, 2013
Abstract Approach: Backwashing process was implemented using column of deep bed filter with diffe... more Abstract Approach: Backwashing process was implemented using column of deep bed filter with different media characteristics to provide optimal operation condition. Minimum velocity of fluidization (V mf) and porosity at minimum fluidization (e mf) were investigated under different operation condition and grains size. The results were compared with Wen and Yu equation and Richardson–Zaki correlation, respectively. Backwashing model was developed to predict the effect of fluid shear strength (τ a), velocity grade (G), dissipation rate coefficient (C a), and parameters of random motion ( /Re) on the energy dissipation rate during fluidization process. Results: The simulated result of proposed models gives a good convergence to observed data. It was seen that a smaller size of sand media need a lower value of backwash velocity than a higher size for lifting filter media. Fixed bed porosity increased from 0.510 to 0.704 at bigger size of sand media (1.18 mm), while it increased to 0.680 at smaller size of sand...