Balakrishnan Doraisami | Independant - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Balakrishnan Doraisami

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017

Objectives:Migraine is the second most common type of headache and seventh most disabling disease... more Objectives:Migraine is the second most common type of headache and seventh most disabling disease worldwide. In general, obesity is often related to headache disorders in several clinical and epidemiologic studies. Obese migraine patients may have an increased attack frequency due to increase in inflammatory response. Cognitive decline is the major pitfall of migraine disorder and there exists a conflicting result between cognition and migraine and the effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on migraine. So this study is done to find out the relationship between cognition and migraine and its association with BMI.Methods:The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre. The study group consisted of 30 migraine patients and 30 healthy controls aged between 18-40 years of age. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. Diagnosis of migraine was made using the criteria of 2nd edition of International Headache Classificatio...

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, Dec 20, 2022

BBA Clinical, 2017

Background: Cognitive dysfunction has been increasingly recognized in chronic kidney disease (CKD... more Background: Cognitive dysfunction has been increasingly recognized in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Senile plaques are important pathophysiological characteristic of cognitive dysfunction. The major component of plaques is the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide released from proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Plasma Aβ has been a focus of the growing literature on blood based biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction. Oxidative stress is prevalent in CKD and it plays an important role in cognitive dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress leads to cause cleavage of APP and Aβ production. The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant status and Aβ 42 levels in plasma of CKD patients with cognitive dysfunction compared to CKD without cognitive dysfunction. Methods: A total of 60 subjects divided into 30 CKD without cognitive dysfunction and 30 CKD with cognitive dysfunction based on neuropsychological assessment tests. To compare antioxidant status and Aβ 42 levels in plasma, the following groups such as healthy subjects (n = 30), normocytic normochromic anemia (n = 30) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 10) patients were also maintained. Plasma Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined by spectrophotometrically. Aβ level was determined by immunoblotting method. The parameters were statistically compared with healthy, normocytic normochromic anemia and AD subjects. Results: Like AD subjects, significantly increased Aβ and LPO level while decreased SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH levels were observed in plasma of CKD patients with cognitive dysfunction when compared to healthy, CKD without cognitive dysfunction and normocytic normochromic anemic subjects. Conclusion: Results suggest that elevated plasma oxidative stress and Aβ were seen in CKD patients with cognitive dysfunction may be attributed to pathological changes within the brain.

Human & Experimental Toxicology, 2015

Introduction: Chemoprevention may involve perturbation of a variety of steps in tumor initiation,... more Introduction: Chemoprevention may involve perturbation of a variety of steps in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Objective: To investigate the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory potential effects of diindolylmethane (DIM) and lupeol on experimental bladder carcinogenesis. Methods: Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into six groups, with 10 rats in each group. Group I: control; group II: N-butyl- N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN; 150 mg/gavage/twice a week) for 8 weeks, and then they were given 100 ppm concentrations of dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) in the drinking water for 28 weeks; group III: BBN + DMA + DIM (5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day) treatment was started after BBN treatment, and it was orally administered for 28 weeks); group IV: BBN + DMA + lupeol (50 mg/kg b.w./day) treatment was started after BBN treatment, and it was orally administered for 28 weeks); and groups V and VI: DIM and lupeol treatment alone for 36 weeks. Blad...

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2015

Reduction of upper airway (UA) dimensions during sleep is contemplated to cause reduced sleep eff... more Reduction of upper airway (UA) dimensions during sleep is contemplated to cause reduced sleep efficiency (SE) but a definitive association is not affirmed. Efficacy of nasopharyngeal appliance (NPA) in management of UA resistance syndrome (UARS) has not been compared with mandibular repositioning splint (MRS). This study intended to assess relation of UA dimensions to SE and effectiveness of NPA. Research had two phases: Case-control study to determine association between UA and SE; randomized control trial (with independent concurrent trial groups and double-blind design) to analyze treatment outcome with NPA. Subjects were categorized to three groups of 20 in each: A control group of healthy subjects (Group A); two &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Randomly Assigned&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; sample groups of subjects with reduced SE (Groups B and C). Preliminary questionnaire for sleep analysis, Final data collection sheet (first and second case sheets) were recorded, cephalometric variables analyzed, and diagnostic overnight polysomnography was done to match and confirm selection criteria. Three-dimensional computed tomography was done to analyze airway dimensions before and after appliance placement. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis of results. Reduced UA dimension during sleep is associated with reduced SE; NPA gives better improvement for UARS than MRS.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, Jan 14, 2018

Cognitive dysfunction is reported to be a major cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD... more Cognitive dysfunction is reported to be a major cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The senile plaques (SPs) in the brain are one of the most pathophysiological characteristics of cognitive dysfunction and its major constituent amyloid β (Aβ) released from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β (BACE1) and γ (presenilin 1) secretases . Platelets contain more than 95% of the circulating APP and implicate as a candidate biomarker for cognitive decline. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is a standard therapy for anemia in CKD and also acts as a neuroprotective agent. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of rHuEPO therapy on platelet APP processing in CKD with Cognitive Dysfunction. A total of 60 subjects comprising of 30 CKD without cognitive dysfunction and 30 CKD with cognitive dysfunction based on neuropsychological assessment. APP, BACE1, Presenilin 1, ADAM 10 (α secretase) and Aβ expressions in platelets were determined by western blotting and lipi...

The International Tinnitus Journal

Tinnitus is a condition which is often seen coexisting with hearing loss. In many persons with ti... more Tinnitus is a condition which is often seen coexisting with hearing loss. In many persons with tinnitus, the use of amplification devices has been reported to show improvement in difficulties due to tinnitus. Though the underlying physiological mechanism is not clearly understood, hearing aids have proven beneficial. The aim of the study is to evaluate the benefit of the hearing aid in management of tinnitus. This study was conducted to assess whether such claims are true and, if so, what is the quantum of such benefit. In order to ascertain this, we studied the effects of three commonly used newer designs of digital programmable hearing aids namely, (i) Hearing aids with Basic programming, D-Basic (ii) those with tinnitus specific programming, DTS and (iii) those with in-built masking facility, DIM. In this study 108 subjects (65 males and 43 females), in the age range of 18 to 81 years were included. Each subject was fitted with one of the above mentioned three types of hearing aids, by qualified audiologists, purely on clinical grounds. All the subjects showed improvement in their hearing. The efficacy of the hearing aids, in mitigating the tinnitus, was assessed by employing the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory-THI. The THI has been developed by Newman et al in 1996 to study the effects of tinnitus, comprehensively under three domains viz. functional, emotional and catastrophic domains. A reduction in the THI scores indicates improvement. This tool is very popular and is acclaimed worldwide. It had been translated into several languages. In this study, the translated Telugu language version (THIT) of THI was used. The use of the local language (Telugu) afforded easy comprehension and better reliability. In each subject, we documented the THIT scores, before fitting of hearing aid and after two months of proper usage of the hearing aids. In the entire sample population of 108 subjects, across all the three different designtypes of hearing aids, we found a mean reduction of 42.6 points in the THIT scores. When the design of hearing aid was taken into reckoning, the mean post-fitting reduction of THIT scores in the subjects fitted with D-Basic, DTS, DIM hearing aids were 32.2, 43.5 and 51.9 respectively. In all the three designs, several subjects, those who were in a worse grade of tinnitus severity category of tinnitus severity before fitting, improved to a better grade after fitting. Further, we studied relief in the domain sub scales of the THIT viz. functional, emotional and the catastrophic domains. While all the three designs gave overall relief of tinnitus, we found differences in the domain sub scales. However, designs with the In built maskers and tinnitus specific programming fared better. The conclusion drawn from our study is that, apart from the amplification benefit, all the three types of digital programmable hearing aids provided appreciable mitigation of tinnitus. Among the three design-types, hearing aids with inbuilt masker (DIM) were found to give the best benefit. Hearing aids with tinnitus specific programming (DTS) were the second best.

Vitamin D deficiency is known to cause complications in pregnancy. There is sparse data on the pr... more Vitamin D deficiency is known to cause complications in pregnancy. There is sparse data on the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy, in India. Our study was undertaken to fill this lacuna. 148 pregnant women were enrolled from SRM Medical College and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, India. Serum concentrations of 25hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] and related laboratory parameters were measured. The mean 25(OH)D3 level in pregnant women was 19.05 ng/mL. Only 8 subjects (5.4%) had >30 ng/mL (sufficient). 47 (33.7%) had 20-30ng/mL (insufficiency), 79 (53.4%) had <20ng/mL (deficiency) and, 14 (9.4%) had <10ng/mL (severe deficiency). We also found that maternal 25OH-D was associated positively to calcium (r= 0.6951, p<0.001) and phosphorus (r= 0.6211, p<0.001) and negatively to alkaline phosphatase (r= –0.4086, p<0.001) and parathyroid hormone (r=0.7856, p<0.001) by Pearson’s correlation coefficient method. Thus, in our study, we found an alarming total prevalenc...

Hospital wastewater has the potential to be a threat to the hospital environment as it can contai... more Hospital wastewater has the potential to be a threat to the hospital environment as it can contain pathogenic bacteria that may facilitate the resistant nature of organisms within effluent or water treatment plants. The recycling of hospital wastewater should have good quality. This study was carried out to highlight the incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospital-generated recycled water. This study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital during June 2013-June 2014. One hundred and forty wastewater samples were aseptically collected at different stages in the recycling plant. The samples were processed within 2 hours following standard procedures for identification of bacteria and the pathogenic bacteria were isolated. The mostly identified pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (11.42%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.28%), Enterococcus faecalis (10%) and Bacillus subtilis (8.57%) which were removed by treatment, but Escherichia coli (16.42%), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.57%), and Proteus mirabilis (11.42%) survived in the final sedimentation tank (lagoon) from where this water will be used for gardening purposes. An antibiogram study showed these pathogens were resistant to first-line antibiotics. Effluent treatment plants in hospitals should be monitored for the fulfillment of the guidelines and quality control of treated water to stop the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the hospital environment.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has important implications for the new born and... more Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has important implications for the new born and infant. In India, there were few data about the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy and in newborn and its correlation. Hence, this study aim was to determine vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their new-borns and to assess the correlation between maternal and new born serum levels of the vitamin D3 and also to study its effect on the newborn anthropometry. Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital based study was conducted with 54 consecutive women in labour presenting with a singleton term pregnancy at a large tertiary centre in Tamilnadu, India. Data were recorded on a special form and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was assessed before delivery in mothers and after delivery in their infant's umbilical cord blood. Results: The mean vitamin D levels were 20.21 ng/mL for the participants and 20.07 ng/mL for the newborns. Vitamin D severe deficiency was noted in 3 (6%), deficiency 31 (57%), insufficiency 12 (22%) and sufficiency in 8 (15%) of 54 participants whereas severe deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency respectively, were noted in 4 (7%), 30 (56%), 11 (20%) and 9 (17%) of the newborns. Maternal vitamin D level significantly associated with socioeconomic status, term of delivery and type of delivery respectively were p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.038 whereas age (p=0.081), BMI (p=0.085) and parity (p=0.038) was not significant at p <0.05 level by chi-square analysis. Similarly, the new born characteristics of birth weight (p=0.000), birth length (p=0.016), head and chest circumference (p=0.001, p=0.000) exists significant association at p<0.05 level by analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and also there was a strong positive correlation between the vitamin D levels in maternal and cord blood (r=0.898; P <0.05). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the south Indian pregnant women and their newborns. Vitamin D deficiency increased the risk of low birth weight neonate and it also had an effect on the length of the baby, head circumference and chest circumference. This public health problem needs urgent attention.

Journal of experimental therapeutics & oncology, 2017

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a common malignancy ranked 9th with an estimated 356,600 n... more Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a common malignancy ranked 9th with an estimated 356,600 new cases diagnosed annually worldwide. The study showed the protective effects of Lupeol in N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine induced bladder carcinogenesis in in vivo experimental model. Forty male healthy wistar rats were selected randomly divided into four groups. Group I rats served as healthy control. Group II rats were treated with BBN (150 mg/gavage/twice a week) for 8 weeks. Group III rats were treated with BBN + Lupeol [ Lupeol (50 mg/kg bw/day) treatment was started 1 week prior to the BBN treatment, and it was orally administered for 8 weeks]. Group IV rats were treated with Lupeol alone (50 mg/kg bw/day) for 8 weeks. All the experimental rats were maintained and euthanized at 32nd week. Serum and bladder tissues were collected and examined for biochemical parameters, serum markers and histopathological evaluation. Preventive (BBN + Lupeol) group modulates the activity of...

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects fetal growth and development. The prese... more Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects fetal growth and development. The present study explored the association between vitamin D levels in cord blood and placental vitamin D receptor expression. Methods: A total of 54 subjects with live-born singleton deliveries were included in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, India. Cord blood and placenta was obtained at the time of delivery. Results: The mean newborn vitamin D level was 20.07 ng/mL (13-27.50). The mean of relative vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression was 1.45Ct (range 0.10-2.6). Mean comparison of cord serum 25(OH) D3 and VDR revealed significant at p<0.05 by student's t-test. The newborn anthropometric measurement of head circumference 31.44±3.99 cm, Chest circumference 28.88±4.30 cm, Body length 45.52±8.05 cm, Birth weight 2660.61±353.27 g had significant association with mean VDR expression at p <0.05 level by student t-test analysis. Further, Pearson correlation coefficient also revealed strong positive correlation of placental VDR and cord serum vitamin D (r=0.853, p <0.05). Conclusions: The present study indicates that there was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the south Indian newborns and the study suggested that VDR had crucial role in maternal to fetal nutrient transfer mechanism. Vitamin D status in cord blood is associated with the birth weight of newborns. Hence, Vitamin D levels during gestation may affect fetal growth and development.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, 2014

ABSTRACT Background Carcinogenesis involves three distinguishable stages, namely, initiation, pro... more ABSTRACT Background Carcinogenesis involves three distinguishable stages, namely, initiation, promotion, and progression. Chemoprevention is the use of agents to inhibit, reverse, or retard tumorigenesis at the initiation stage itself. Diindolylmethane (DIM) is one such agent. The precursor of DIM, that is, indole-3-carbinol, has been found to have beneficial effects in the treatment of prostate and breast cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the protective role of DIM in bladder carcinogenesis. N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) was used as a carcinogen to study the chemopreventive activity of DIM in bladder carcinogenesis. Methods Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were grouped into control and experimental groups and the study was terminated at the 32nd week. Group I rats were treated with 0.05% BBN for 8 weeks. Group II rats were treated with BBN + DIM [DIM (5 mg/kg) treatment was started 1 week prior to the BBN treatment, and it was administered for 8 weeks]. Group III rats were treated with DIM alone. Group IV rats were treated as control. The activity and levels of drug-metabolizing and liver enzymes were measured by standard spectrophotometric procedures. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and subjected to histopathological examination. Results Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Rats in Group I received BBN and served as experimental control. Group II rats were treated with BBN along with DIM for the initial 8-week period. During the same period, Group III rats were treated with DIM alone. Group IV rats served as the healthy control. At the end of 32 weeks, bladder tissues were collected and subjected to histopathological examination. Increase in the activities of cytochrome (CYP) P450, CYPb5, and CYP c reductase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced):quinone oxidoreductase 1, aspartate aminotransaminase, and alanine aminotransaminase and decrease in the activity of glutathione S-transferase were found in experimental rats when compared with control rats. Results of histopathological examination showed that DIM reduced BBN-induced initiation of carcinogenesis such as hyperplasia. Conclusion The results of this study show that DIM inhibited hyperplasia, a condition that reflects the development of initiation of carcinogenesis in an experimental model of nitrosamine-induced bladder carcinogenesis, and this effect of DIM can be attributed to its antioxidant activity and its ability to modulate xenobiotic enzymes.

ABSTRACT This report presents the experience of the authors with varioustechniques and also the r... more ABSTRACT This report presents the experience of the authors with varioustechniques and also the results obtained by employing a pedicled composite bonemuscle graft in Tracheal Stenosis.

International Immunopharmacology, 2014

Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment. H... more Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment. However, its efficacy is greatly limited by its toxic side effects. The present study investigated the synergistic effect of interferon β with cisplatin on MDA MB231 cells. The antiproliferative effect was measured by the 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The combination index (CI) was calculated using the method of Chou and Talalay. Cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue and clonogenic assay. Genotoxic and cytostatic effects were studied using micronucleus assay and nuclear division index (NDI). Protein expression was analyzed using immunoblotting. Interferon β (100-2500 IU/mL) and Cisplatin (0.01-100 μM) had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the IC50 values at 1500 IU/mL and 20 μM for interferon β and cisplatin, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed expression of interferon β binding receptor in MDA MB231 cells. More interestingly, synergistic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were observed after treatment with a combination of interferon β with reduced dosage of cisplatin. Decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax stimulated the cytochrome c release, which triggers caspase-9 and -3 activation significantly increased in the combinational group. In conclusion the combination of interferon β with reduced dose of cisplatin results synergistically improved growth-inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effect on MDA MB231 cells.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma in the nose is very rare. This tumour is generally considered to be radi... more Adenoid cystic carcinoma in the nose is very rare. This tumour is generally considered to be radioresistant. A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nose treated successfully by primary irradiation is reported here.

A rare case of supra-glottic adenocarcinoma producing multiple skin metastases is presented.