Hugo Cardoso | Simon Fraser University (original) (raw)
Papers by Hugo Cardoso
Anthropologischer Anzeiger, Feb 13, 2020
The BoneMedLeg research project was developed to address current research concerns related to the... more The BoneMedLeg research project was developed to address current research concerns related to the use of skeletal reference collections for forensic purposes. These concerns were partly addressed by amassing a new reference collection which incorporates unclaimed human remains sourced from two municipal cemeteries in the city of Porto, Portugal. Amassed between 2012 and 2014 the collection was developed with permission from and in partnership with the Municipality of Porto, in a manner that is similar to that of other skeletal reference collections in Portugal. Traditionally, municipalities have bequeathed human remains that are cleared from temporary primary and secondary burial plots at local cemeteries and deemed unclaimed, to museums and universities for research purposes. The BoneMedLeg collection currently includes a total of 95 individuals, of which only 81 are fully identified (38 males and 43 females), with ages ranging from 21 days to 94 years, and a mean age of about 62 years. Years of death range from 1969 to 2003, and years of birth from 1891 to 1969. Only about half of the individuals are documented as to cause of death, which includes a considerable diversity of etiologies, from oncological to cardiovascular system disorders, and also traumatic injuries. The collection is more representative of an unskilled working class and aged population, due to one of the main sourced cemeteries disproportionately serving more socioeconomic disadvantaged communities and reflecting the demographics of the city over the past 40 years. In addition to describing the history and curatorial process of the collection in detail, this paper also discusses its broad legal framework and potential biases in its profile and composition which can inform and help plan future research projects.
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Forensic Sciences
In some jurisdictions, race, ancestry or population affinity are part of the biological profile u... more In some jurisdictions, race, ancestry or population affinity are part of the biological profile used in preliminary identification, for historical and political reasons. It is long overdue for forensic anthropologists to abandon this typological approach to human variation, regardless of the terms used. Using a sample (n = 105) selected from the Terry and Coimbra identified reference collections, a blind experimental approach is used to test several metric methods and versions of methods for group estimation (Fordisc 3.0 and 3.1, and AncesTrees), that rely on different statistical approaches (discriminant function analysis and random forest algorithms, respectively) derived from different reference samples (Howells’ data in AncesTrees and Fordisc 3.1, and different forensic subsamples in Fordisc 3.0 and 3.1). The accuracy for matching premortem documented group designation is consistently low (36 to 50%) across testing parameters and consistent with other independent tests. The resu...
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Campanacho V, Cardoso HFV, Chamberlain AT. 2018. Sternum maturation in an identified Portuguese s... more Campanacho V, Cardoso HFV, Chamberlain AT. 2018. Sternum maturation in an identified Portuguese skeletal sample. 87th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Austin, USA, 11th -14nd April.
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The identification of osteological evidence from the earliest excavation of Cabeço da Arruda in 1... more The identification of osteological evidence from the earliest excavation of Cabeço da Arruda in 1864, still preserved in two Lisbon museums, provides the occasion for a reminder of the importance of the burials in the history of European anthropology. The material is briefly summarized, together with a discussion on the location of the finds. An AMS analysis of a charcoal sample contained within a skull provides a date consonant with other evidence
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International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2009
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International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2016
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Acta medicinae legalis et socialis, 2010
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International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2009
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International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2013
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HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 2013
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2012
Among the many factors suggested as potential sources of variation in the rate of ageing of the p... more Among the many factors suggested as potential sources of variation in the rate of ageing of the pubic symphysis is occupational/physical activity, but this has yet to be demonstrated. This study's main goal is to determine whether occupational/physical activity influences the aging process in the pubic symphysis. We analyzed a sample of 161 males (18-96 years) from two Portuguese identified skeletal collections, where age-related features were recorded in the pubic symphysis as absent/present. The sample was divided in two groups according to the occupation of the individuals (manual and non-manual) and in two groups according to the femoral robusticity index (robust and gracile). The manual and robust groups represent individuals with more physically demanding occupations while the non-manual and gracile groups represent less physically demanding occupations. The possible influence of occupational/physical activity on the rate of ageing was evaluated by comparing the transition age for each age-related feature, between the two groups, using logistic regression. Only the ligamentous outgrowths on the ventral beveling showed a statistically significant younger age in the robust group, indicating a possible faster rate or early timing of change in the individuals with a more physically demanding activity compared with their gracile counterparts. Thus, these results do not provide significant support to the hypothesis that individuals with a greater demanding occupation or physical activity show greater pubic symphysis degeneration. Further testing of this hypothesis in other samples with individuals from known occupation is required. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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American Journal of Human Biology, 2014
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The identification of osteological evidence from the earliest excavation of Cabeço da Arruda in 1... more The identification of osteological evidence from the earliest excavation of Cabeço da Arruda in 1864, still preserved in two Lisbon museums, provides the occasion for a reminder of the importance of the burials in the history of European anthropology. The material is briefly summarized, together with a discussion on the location of the finds. An AMS analysis of a charcoal sample contained within a skull provides a date consonant with other evidence.
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Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology, 2015
The suitability of Demirjian&... more The suitability of Demirjian's method for forensic age estimation has been systematically questioned. The aim of this study is to further assess the reliability of Demirjian's original method in forensic age estimation using a sample of Portuguese children. 564 panoramic radiographs of Portuguese boys and girls between 6 and 16 years of age were evaluated using Demirjian's method. Dental age (DA) was determined using the 50th percentile for the maturity score obtained for each age group. The mean difference between chronological age (CA) and dental age (DA) and the mean absolute difference between CA and DA were calculated for each age group. Paired t tests were used to test the statistical significance of mean differences between CA and DA. For each individual, a 94 % confidence interval was calculated for estimated DA, using the 3rd and 97th percentiles in Demirjian's conversion tables. Chronological age was overestimated in boys, in every age group; mean differences between CA and DA were statistically significant, expect for age 7. In girls, chronological age was overestimated in the 10-15 year-old age group. The difference between CA and DA was highest in the 12 years olds for both sexes. The 94 % confidence intervals did not include the true chronological age in all 6, 13, and 15 year-old girls, and all 14 and 15 year-old boys. Only a small portion of the individuals in the remaining age groups had their true chronological age falling within the probable age interval. Results show a systematic bias and consistent inaccuracy in estimating age from dental development using Demirjian's original method, making this methodology unsuitable for age estimation in the study sample. These results add to published evidence which suggests that Demirjian's method is not suitable and should be abandoned altogether for forensic age estimation purposes.
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Title: Age estimation in three distinct East Asian population groups using southern Han Chinese d... more Title: Age estimation in three distinct East Asian population groups using southern Han Chinese dental reference dataset Authors: Jayakumar Jayaraman (jayakumar83@hotmail.com) Hai Ming Wong (wonghmg@hku.hk) Graham Roberts (graham.roberts101@outlook.com) Nigel King (profnigelking@mac.com) Hugo Cardoso (hcardoso@sfu.ca) Pavethynath Velusamy (pave.sanki@gmail.com) Ronaldo Vergara (ronnievcdcc@yahoo.com) Keniichi Yanagita (kenyana@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp) Version: 1 Date: 20 Sep 2019 Author’s response to reviews: Dear Editor-in-Chief, We appreciate the reviewers’ comments on our work which have significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. We have addressed the Reviewers’ comments and have made point-topoint response to each comment.
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Cardoso HFV, Abrantes J, Humphrey LT. 2014. Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains fro... more Cardoso HFV, Abrantes J, Humphrey LT. 2014. Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from the diaphyseal length of the long bones in the postnatal period. Int J Legal Med 128:809-825. Primeau C, Friis L, Sejrsen B, Lynnerup N. 2016. A method for estimating age of medieval sub-adults from infancy to adulthood based on long bone length. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:135-145. Stull KE, L’Abb e EN, Ousley SD. 2014. Using multivariate adaptive regression splines to estimate subadult age from diaphyseal dimensions. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:376-386. 26 juveniles belonging to the skeletal reference collection curated at the National Museum of Natural History and Science, in Lisbon, Portugal.
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The sourcing of cadavers for North American skeletal reference collections occurred immediately a... more The sourcing of cadavers for North American skeletal reference collections occurred immediately after death and targeted the poor and marginalised. In Europe, collections sourced bodies that were buried and unclaimed after some time in cemeteries with no perpetual care mandate, and may have also targeted the underprivileged. The relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and abandonment was examined in a sample of unclaimed remains (603 adults and 98 children) collected from cemeteries in the city of Lisbon, Portugal, that were incorporated in a collection. Results demonstrate that low SES individuals are not more likely to be abandoned nor to be incorporated in the collection than higher SES individuals. Furthermore, historical data indicate that the poorest were not incorporated into the collection, because of burial practices. Although the accumulation of collections in North America was facilitated by structural violence that targeted the poor and marginalised, this phenom...
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Anthropologischer Anzeiger, Feb 13, 2020
The BoneMedLeg research project was developed to address current research concerns related to the... more The BoneMedLeg research project was developed to address current research concerns related to the use of skeletal reference collections for forensic purposes. These concerns were partly addressed by amassing a new reference collection which incorporates unclaimed human remains sourced from two municipal cemeteries in the city of Porto, Portugal. Amassed between 2012 and 2014 the collection was developed with permission from and in partnership with the Municipality of Porto, in a manner that is similar to that of other skeletal reference collections in Portugal. Traditionally, municipalities have bequeathed human remains that are cleared from temporary primary and secondary burial plots at local cemeteries and deemed unclaimed, to museums and universities for research purposes. The BoneMedLeg collection currently includes a total of 95 individuals, of which only 81 are fully identified (38 males and 43 females), with ages ranging from 21 days to 94 years, and a mean age of about 62 years. Years of death range from 1969 to 2003, and years of birth from 1891 to 1969. Only about half of the individuals are documented as to cause of death, which includes a considerable diversity of etiologies, from oncological to cardiovascular system disorders, and also traumatic injuries. The collection is more representative of an unskilled working class and aged population, due to one of the main sourced cemeteries disproportionately serving more socioeconomic disadvantaged communities and reflecting the demographics of the city over the past 40 years. In addition to describing the history and curatorial process of the collection in detail, this paper also discusses its broad legal framework and potential biases in its profile and composition which can inform and help plan future research projects.
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Forensic Sciences
In some jurisdictions, race, ancestry or population affinity are part of the biological profile u... more In some jurisdictions, race, ancestry or population affinity are part of the biological profile used in preliminary identification, for historical and political reasons. It is long overdue for forensic anthropologists to abandon this typological approach to human variation, regardless of the terms used. Using a sample (n = 105) selected from the Terry and Coimbra identified reference collections, a blind experimental approach is used to test several metric methods and versions of methods for group estimation (Fordisc 3.0 and 3.1, and AncesTrees), that rely on different statistical approaches (discriminant function analysis and random forest algorithms, respectively) derived from different reference samples (Howells’ data in AncesTrees and Fordisc 3.1, and different forensic subsamples in Fordisc 3.0 and 3.1). The accuracy for matching premortem documented group designation is consistently low (36 to 50%) across testing parameters and consistent with other independent tests. The resu...
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Campanacho V, Cardoso HFV, Chamberlain AT. 2018. Sternum maturation in an identified Portuguese s... more Campanacho V, Cardoso HFV, Chamberlain AT. 2018. Sternum maturation in an identified Portuguese skeletal sample. 87th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Austin, USA, 11th -14nd April.
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The identification of osteological evidence from the earliest excavation of Cabeço da Arruda in 1... more The identification of osteological evidence from the earliest excavation of Cabeço da Arruda in 1864, still preserved in two Lisbon museums, provides the occasion for a reminder of the importance of the burials in the history of European anthropology. The material is briefly summarized, together with a discussion on the location of the finds. An AMS analysis of a charcoal sample contained within a skull provides a date consonant with other evidence
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International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2009
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International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2016
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Acta medicinae legalis et socialis, 2010
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International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2009
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International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2013
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HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 2013
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2012
Among the many factors suggested as potential sources of variation in the rate of ageing of the p... more Among the many factors suggested as potential sources of variation in the rate of ageing of the pubic symphysis is occupational/physical activity, but this has yet to be demonstrated. This study's main goal is to determine whether occupational/physical activity influences the aging process in the pubic symphysis. We analyzed a sample of 161 males (18-96 years) from two Portuguese identified skeletal collections, where age-related features were recorded in the pubic symphysis as absent/present. The sample was divided in two groups according to the occupation of the individuals (manual and non-manual) and in two groups according to the femoral robusticity index (robust and gracile). The manual and robust groups represent individuals with more physically demanding occupations while the non-manual and gracile groups represent less physically demanding occupations. The possible influence of occupational/physical activity on the rate of ageing was evaluated by comparing the transition age for each age-related feature, between the two groups, using logistic regression. Only the ligamentous outgrowths on the ventral beveling showed a statistically significant younger age in the robust group, indicating a possible faster rate or early timing of change in the individuals with a more physically demanding activity compared with their gracile counterparts. Thus, these results do not provide significant support to the hypothesis that individuals with a greater demanding occupation or physical activity show greater pubic symphysis degeneration. Further testing of this hypothesis in other samples with individuals from known occupation is required. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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American Journal of Human Biology, 2014
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The identification of osteological evidence from the earliest excavation of Cabeço da Arruda in 1... more The identification of osteological evidence from the earliest excavation of Cabeço da Arruda in 1864, still preserved in two Lisbon museums, provides the occasion for a reminder of the importance of the burials in the history of European anthropology. The material is briefly summarized, together with a discussion on the location of the finds. An AMS analysis of a charcoal sample contained within a skull provides a date consonant with other evidence.
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Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology, 2015
The suitability of Demirjian&... more The suitability of Demirjian's method for forensic age estimation has been systematically questioned. The aim of this study is to further assess the reliability of Demirjian's original method in forensic age estimation using a sample of Portuguese children. 564 panoramic radiographs of Portuguese boys and girls between 6 and 16 years of age were evaluated using Demirjian's method. Dental age (DA) was determined using the 50th percentile for the maturity score obtained for each age group. The mean difference between chronological age (CA) and dental age (DA) and the mean absolute difference between CA and DA were calculated for each age group. Paired t tests were used to test the statistical significance of mean differences between CA and DA. For each individual, a 94 % confidence interval was calculated for estimated DA, using the 3rd and 97th percentiles in Demirjian's conversion tables. Chronological age was overestimated in boys, in every age group; mean differences between CA and DA were statistically significant, expect for age 7. In girls, chronological age was overestimated in the 10-15 year-old age group. The difference between CA and DA was highest in the 12 years olds for both sexes. The 94 % confidence intervals did not include the true chronological age in all 6, 13, and 15 year-old girls, and all 14 and 15 year-old boys. Only a small portion of the individuals in the remaining age groups had their true chronological age falling within the probable age interval. Results show a systematic bias and consistent inaccuracy in estimating age from dental development using Demirjian's original method, making this methodology unsuitable for age estimation in the study sample. These results add to published evidence which suggests that Demirjian's method is not suitable and should be abandoned altogether for forensic age estimation purposes.
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Title: Age estimation in three distinct East Asian population groups using southern Han Chinese d... more Title: Age estimation in three distinct East Asian population groups using southern Han Chinese dental reference dataset Authors: Jayakumar Jayaraman (jayakumar83@hotmail.com) Hai Ming Wong (wonghmg@hku.hk) Graham Roberts (graham.roberts101@outlook.com) Nigel King (profnigelking@mac.com) Hugo Cardoso (hcardoso@sfu.ca) Pavethynath Velusamy (pave.sanki@gmail.com) Ronaldo Vergara (ronnievcdcc@yahoo.com) Keniichi Yanagita (kenyana@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp) Version: 1 Date: 20 Sep 2019 Author’s response to reviews: Dear Editor-in-Chief, We appreciate the reviewers’ comments on our work which have significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. We have addressed the Reviewers’ comments and have made point-topoint response to each comment.
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Cardoso HFV, Abrantes J, Humphrey LT. 2014. Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains fro... more Cardoso HFV, Abrantes J, Humphrey LT. 2014. Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from the diaphyseal length of the long bones in the postnatal period. Int J Legal Med 128:809-825. Primeau C, Friis L, Sejrsen B, Lynnerup N. 2016. A method for estimating age of medieval sub-adults from infancy to adulthood based on long bone length. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:135-145. Stull KE, L’Abb e EN, Ousley SD. 2014. Using multivariate adaptive regression splines to estimate subadult age from diaphyseal dimensions. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:376-386. 26 juveniles belonging to the skeletal reference collection curated at the National Museum of Natural History and Science, in Lisbon, Portugal.
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The sourcing of cadavers for North American skeletal reference collections occurred immediately a... more The sourcing of cadavers for North American skeletal reference collections occurred immediately after death and targeted the poor and marginalised. In Europe, collections sourced bodies that were buried and unclaimed after some time in cemeteries with no perpetual care mandate, and may have also targeted the underprivileged. The relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and abandonment was examined in a sample of unclaimed remains (603 adults and 98 children) collected from cemeteries in the city of Lisbon, Portugal, that were incorporated in a collection. Results demonstrate that low SES individuals are not more likely to be abandoned nor to be incorporated in the collection than higher SES individuals. Furthermore, historical data indicate that the poorest were not incorporated into the collection, because of burial practices. Although the accumulation of collections in North America was facilitated by structural violence that targeted the poor and marginalised, this phenom...
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49th CABA-ACAB Annual Meeting, 2022
Sexual maturity in adolescents corresponds with the peak height velocity and the first occurrence... more Sexual maturity in adolescents corresponds with the peak height velocity and the first occurrence of the menstrual cycle in girls. Despite the importance of the onset of puberty, limited studies have been conducted to estimate menarcheal status and the impact of this transitional period on skeletal and dental maturation. This study uses logistic regression to examine the relationship between menarcheal status (post-menarche or pre-menarche) and the development of all assessed bones and teeth. Demirjian guideline was considered to evaluate Dental maturation, and the Tanner-Whitehouse method was used to estimate the stages of skeletal ossifications in the hand/wrist of thirty-three girls at the age of 6-19 at the University of Montreal Growth Study. The results illustrate that the maturation of the distal radius provides the strongest relationship with the menarcheal status, followed by the phalange of the fifth finger, the second molar, and the canine. Combining any of these indicators did not approve any indicators of menarcheal status. This research can offer a reliable method to examine the menarcheal status in skeletal remains, provide insight into the reproductive shelf-life, social and nutritional conditions of past populations.
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No studies thus far have examined the utility of the epiphyses and metaphyses of the long bones i... more No studies thus far have examined the utility of the epiphyses and metaphyses of the long bones in depth for the purposes of age estimation, with exception of those at the knee. This study explores and models the relationship between these bone portions and age, for all six of the long bones.
( For published paper see: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.23081/abstract )
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