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Papers by Jafar Ebrahimifar

Biocontrol, Jul 18, 2020

The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons is a predator of tetranychid mites. The hypothesis that ... more The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons is a predator of tetranychid mites. The hypothesis that factitious diets had no negative effect on S. gilvifrons development and reproduction was tested. Experimental diets included natural prey Tetranychus turkestani eggs, Ephestia kuehniella eggs plus date palm pollen, E. kuehniella eggs plus maize pollen, and E. kuehniella eggs plus bee pollen. The results indicated that S. gilvifrons development time was longer and fecundity was lower on all factitious diets tested compared to natural prey, T. turkestani eggs. S. gilvifrons fed E. kuehniella eggs plus date palm pollen had a higher net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and lower generation time (T) than those fed other factitious diets. Although T. turkestani eggs are more nutritious than the factitious diets, the combination of E. kuehniella eggs plus date palm pollen holds promise as an alternative food for the mass production of S. gilvifrons.

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Jun 28, 2020

There has been an increasing demand among agricultural researchers and producers for bio-insectic... more There has been an increasing demand among agricultural researchers and producers for bio-insecticides due to the threats of the related chemicals leading to human health problems, environmental contamination, pest resistance, and secondary pest outbreaks. In this regard, the repellent effects of the essential oil extracted from Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss as a well-known medicinal plant were measured against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)) and lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)) using the three different techniques of filter paper, leaky glass, and olfactometry. The experiments were conducted at the concentrations of 30, 52, 93, 165, and 300 ppm under controllable conditions. The maximum Percent Repellency (PR) rates of the essential oil at the concentration of 300 ppm were found to be 59.01, 54.12, and 43.21% for T. castaneum and 48.84, 50.52, and 42.73% for R. dominica based on the mentioned methods, respectively. By enhancing the essential oil concentrations and exposure times, the PR rates increased. Furthermore, the essential oil effects of F. angulata on wheat germination were evaluated and no decreases in the germination of the treated wheat seeds were found at the tested concentrations. According to the results of the present study, the essential oil of F. angulata could be used for reducing T. castaneum and R. dominica populations.

Journal of insect science, Mar 1, 2017

The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani is a thelytokous and syn-ovigenic parasitoid. To... more The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani is a thelytokous and syn-ovigenic parasitoid. To evaluate E. delhiensis as a biocontrol agent in greenhouse, the killing efficiency of this parasitoid by parasitism and hostfeeding, were studied. Killing efficiency can be compared by estimation of functional response parameters. Laboratory experiments were performed in controllable conditions to evaluate the functional response of E. delhiensis at eight densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 100, and 120 third nymphal stage) of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood on two hosts including; tomato and prickly lettuce. The maximum likelihood estimates from regression logistic analysis revealed type II functional response for two host plants and the type of functional response was not affected by host plant. Roger's model was used to fit the data. The attack rate (a) for E. delhiensis was 0.0286 and 0.0144 per hour on tomato and 0.0434 and 0.0170 per hour on prickly lettuce for parasitism and host feeding, respectively. Furthermore, estimated handling times (T h) were 0.4911 and 1.4453 h on tomato and 0.5713 and 1.5001 h on prickly lettuce for parasitism and host feeding, respectively. Based on 95% confidence interval, functional response parameters were significantly different between the host plants solely in parasitism. Results of this study opens new insight in the host parasitoid interactions, subsequently needs further investigation before utilizing it for management and reduction of greenhouse whitefly.

Journal of Insect Science, 2017

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2021

Background The elm leaf beetle (ELB), Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), ... more Background The elm leaf beetle (ELB), Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most important insect pests that cause damage and physiological stress for the trees. In the present research, pathogenicity of both entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar larval of ELB at the concentrations of 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , and 10 8 conidia per ml, using immersion and spray methods and were evaluated. Results The results showed that LC 50 of B. bassiana in immersion and spray methods were 3.88 × 10 2 and 7.52 × 10 2 conidia/ml, while LC 50 of M. anisopliae in mentioned methods were 7.05 × 10 2 and 11.85 × 10 2 conidia/ml, respectively. The highest mortality rate in both EPF was observed in the 1st instar larvae that were significantly different than the control treatment. Moreover, the highest and lowest mortality in both EPF, using immersion and spray methods, were observed at the concentrations o...

The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani (Hym., Aphelinidae), is an active ecto-endo and ... more The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani (Hym., Aphelinidae), is an active ecto-endo and solitary parasitoid in southwestern Iran. To evaluate Er. delhiensis as a biocontrol agent against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hem., Aleyrodidae) its host stage preference for parasitism and host-feeding was investigated. In this study, choice (multiple-instar) and no-choice (single-instar) tests were conducted under laboratory standard conditions. The results of both tests indicated that Er. delhiensis fed on and parasitized all T. vaporariorum nymphal instars but preferred the 2nd and 3rd nymphal instars for host-feeding and parasitism, respectively. Moreover, it showed the highest and lowest development times were in the 3rd and 1st nymphal instars, respectively. According to our findings, parasitism of the parasitoid wasp, Er. delhiensis, along with its host-feeding on the nymphal instars of the greenhouse whitefly could prove it to be a good candidate for suppressing the greenhouse whitefly populations.

Insects

Stethorus gilvifrons is an acarophagous coccinellid distributed in the Mediterranean region and c... more Stethorus gilvifrons is an acarophagous coccinellid distributed in the Mediterranean region and could potentially be mass-reared for the augmentative biological control of Tetranychus turkestani and related species on crop plants. The hypothesis that brine shrimp Artemia franciscana cysts can improve diets for rearing of S. gilvifrons was tested in laboratory experiments. The diet treatments included A. franciscana cysts (D1), A. franciscana cysts plus a vitamin B complex (D2), A. franciscana cysts plus date palm pollen (D3), and A. franciscana cysts plus date palm pollen and Ephestia kuehniella eggs (D4). The results indicated that D1 did not support immature development. D2 supported egg–larval development but not pupal–adult development. Both D3 and D4 supported development to the adult stage and reproduction. However, D4 was the most effective diet, determined by observations of S. gilvifrons oviposition behavior and fecundity. A life table analysis corroborated these results; a...

Insects

Background: The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) is an important natural enemy of t... more Background: The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) is an important natural enemy of tetranychid mites and functions as a biological control of these plant pests. The development, survival and reproduction of S. gilvifrons were studied when fed on three artificial diets. The components of the artificial diet that S. gilvifrons could be reared successfully on for one generation with no use of tetranychid mites were examined. Methods: Artificial diets consisted of sucrose, honey, royal jelly, agar, yeast, date palm pollen supplemented in different diets with hen’s egg yolk (AD1, as basic diet), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs (AD2), or E. kuehniella eggs and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (AD3). Results: Adults and larvae of Stethorusgilvifrons fed on AD1 had a shorter immature development and preoviposition periods than those fed on AD2 and AD3. The total number of deposited eggs was significantly higher for the females fed on AD3 than on the other diets. The intrinsic rate of ...

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science

2016 International Congress of Entomology, 2016

Biocontrol, Jul 18, 2020

The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons is a predator of tetranychid mites. The hypothesis that ... more The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons is a predator of tetranychid mites. The hypothesis that factitious diets had no negative effect on S. gilvifrons development and reproduction was tested. Experimental diets included natural prey Tetranychus turkestani eggs, Ephestia kuehniella eggs plus date palm pollen, E. kuehniella eggs plus maize pollen, and E. kuehniella eggs plus bee pollen. The results indicated that S. gilvifrons development time was longer and fecundity was lower on all factitious diets tested compared to natural prey, T. turkestani eggs. S. gilvifrons fed E. kuehniella eggs plus date palm pollen had a higher net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and lower generation time (T) than those fed other factitious diets. Although T. turkestani eggs are more nutritious than the factitious diets, the combination of E. kuehniella eggs plus date palm pollen holds promise as an alternative food for the mass production of S. gilvifrons.

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Jun 28, 2020

There has been an increasing demand among agricultural researchers and producers for bio-insectic... more There has been an increasing demand among agricultural researchers and producers for bio-insecticides due to the threats of the related chemicals leading to human health problems, environmental contamination, pest resistance, and secondary pest outbreaks. In this regard, the repellent effects of the essential oil extracted from Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss as a well-known medicinal plant were measured against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)) and lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)) using the three different techniques of filter paper, leaky glass, and olfactometry. The experiments were conducted at the concentrations of 30, 52, 93, 165, and 300 ppm under controllable conditions. The maximum Percent Repellency (PR) rates of the essential oil at the concentration of 300 ppm were found to be 59.01, 54.12, and 43.21% for T. castaneum and 48.84, 50.52, and 42.73% for R. dominica based on the mentioned methods, respectively. By enhancing the essential oil concentrations and exposure times, the PR rates increased. Furthermore, the essential oil effects of F. angulata on wheat germination were evaluated and no decreases in the germination of the treated wheat seeds were found at the tested concentrations. According to the results of the present study, the essential oil of F. angulata could be used for reducing T. castaneum and R. dominica populations.

Journal of insect science, Mar 1, 2017

The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani is a thelytokous and syn-ovigenic parasitoid. To... more The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani is a thelytokous and syn-ovigenic parasitoid. To evaluate E. delhiensis as a biocontrol agent in greenhouse, the killing efficiency of this parasitoid by parasitism and hostfeeding, were studied. Killing efficiency can be compared by estimation of functional response parameters. Laboratory experiments were performed in controllable conditions to evaluate the functional response of E. delhiensis at eight densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 100, and 120 third nymphal stage) of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood on two hosts including; tomato and prickly lettuce. The maximum likelihood estimates from regression logistic analysis revealed type II functional response for two host plants and the type of functional response was not affected by host plant. Roger's model was used to fit the data. The attack rate (a) for E. delhiensis was 0.0286 and 0.0144 per hour on tomato and 0.0434 and 0.0170 per hour on prickly lettuce for parasitism and host feeding, respectively. Furthermore, estimated handling times (T h) were 0.4911 and 1.4453 h on tomato and 0.5713 and 1.5001 h on prickly lettuce for parasitism and host feeding, respectively. Based on 95% confidence interval, functional response parameters were significantly different between the host plants solely in parasitism. Results of this study opens new insight in the host parasitoid interactions, subsequently needs further investigation before utilizing it for management and reduction of greenhouse whitefly.

Journal of Insect Science, 2017

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2021

Background The elm leaf beetle (ELB), Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), ... more Background The elm leaf beetle (ELB), Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most important insect pests that cause damage and physiological stress for the trees. In the present research, pathogenicity of both entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar larval of ELB at the concentrations of 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , and 10 8 conidia per ml, using immersion and spray methods and were evaluated. Results The results showed that LC 50 of B. bassiana in immersion and spray methods were 3.88 × 10 2 and 7.52 × 10 2 conidia/ml, while LC 50 of M. anisopliae in mentioned methods were 7.05 × 10 2 and 11.85 × 10 2 conidia/ml, respectively. The highest mortality rate in both EPF was observed in the 1st instar larvae that were significantly different than the control treatment. Moreover, the highest and lowest mortality in both EPF, using immersion and spray methods, were observed at the concentrations o...

The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani (Hym., Aphelinidae), is an active ecto-endo and ... more The parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani (Hym., Aphelinidae), is an active ecto-endo and solitary parasitoid in southwestern Iran. To evaluate Er. delhiensis as a biocontrol agent against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hem., Aleyrodidae) its host stage preference for parasitism and host-feeding was investigated. In this study, choice (multiple-instar) and no-choice (single-instar) tests were conducted under laboratory standard conditions. The results of both tests indicated that Er. delhiensis fed on and parasitized all T. vaporariorum nymphal instars but preferred the 2nd and 3rd nymphal instars for host-feeding and parasitism, respectively. Moreover, it showed the highest and lowest development times were in the 3rd and 1st nymphal instars, respectively. According to our findings, parasitism of the parasitoid wasp, Er. delhiensis, along with its host-feeding on the nymphal instars of the greenhouse whitefly could prove it to be a good candidate for suppressing the greenhouse whitefly populations.

Insects

Stethorus gilvifrons is an acarophagous coccinellid distributed in the Mediterranean region and c... more Stethorus gilvifrons is an acarophagous coccinellid distributed in the Mediterranean region and could potentially be mass-reared for the augmentative biological control of Tetranychus turkestani and related species on crop plants. The hypothesis that brine shrimp Artemia franciscana cysts can improve diets for rearing of S. gilvifrons was tested in laboratory experiments. The diet treatments included A. franciscana cysts (D1), A. franciscana cysts plus a vitamin B complex (D2), A. franciscana cysts plus date palm pollen (D3), and A. franciscana cysts plus date palm pollen and Ephestia kuehniella eggs (D4). The results indicated that D1 did not support immature development. D2 supported egg–larval development but not pupal–adult development. Both D3 and D4 supported development to the adult stage and reproduction. However, D4 was the most effective diet, determined by observations of S. gilvifrons oviposition behavior and fecundity. A life table analysis corroborated these results; a...

Insects

Background: The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) is an important natural enemy of t... more Background: The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) is an important natural enemy of tetranychid mites and functions as a biological control of these plant pests. The development, survival and reproduction of S. gilvifrons were studied when fed on three artificial diets. The components of the artificial diet that S. gilvifrons could be reared successfully on for one generation with no use of tetranychid mites were examined. Methods: Artificial diets consisted of sucrose, honey, royal jelly, agar, yeast, date palm pollen supplemented in different diets with hen’s egg yolk (AD1, as basic diet), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs (AD2), or E. kuehniella eggs and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (AD3). Results: Adults and larvae of Stethorusgilvifrons fed on AD1 had a shorter immature development and preoviposition periods than those fed on AD2 and AD3. The total number of deposited eggs was significantly higher for the females fed on AD3 than on the other diets. The intrinsic rate of ...

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science

2016 International Congress of Entomology, 2016