Philip Benson | The University of Sheffield (original) (raw)
Papers by Philip Benson
Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)
The term anchorage in orthodontic treatment refers to methods of controlling unwanted tooth movem... more The term anchorage in orthodontic treatment refers to methods of controlling unwanted tooth movement. This is provided either by anchor sites within the mouth, such as the teeth and the palate, or from outside the mouth (headgear). Recently, new methods of providing anchorage have been developed using orthodontic implants which are surgically inserted into the bone in the mouth. This is termed surgical anchorage. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2007.
Randomised clinical trials are commonly undertaken in medical and dental research. However, few a... more Randomised clinical trials are commonly undertaken in medical and dental research. However, few authors discuss the difficulties associated with such studies, including costs, ethical issues and recruitment of an adequate number of patients. There is little information available on the number of studies which are terminated early as a result of these issues, but it seems likely that at least 10% of clinical studies never reach completion. This paper reviews two nationally funded clinical studies which were terminated early. It highlights the problems associated with patient recruitment and also some issues which may benefit researchers undertaking similar studies in the future.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, Jun 1, 2015
There has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of childre... more There has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of children on health services and research. A previous systematic review found that most oral health research from 2000 to 2005 was conducted on children and highlighted the need for greater research with children.
To describe the extent to which oral health research between 2006 and 2014 has been conducted with or on children.
Systematic review. Electronic databases were searched for the literature on child dental health. Each identified paper was examined by two researchers and categorised based on the extent to which children were involved in the research, the type of study (evaluative or otherwise), the country of origin, and the clinical discipline.
The search included 2950 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 17.4% were with children, 18.3% involved the use of proxies (parents or clinician), and 64.2% were on children.
The proportion of studies from 2006 to 2014 involving research with children has increased from 7.3% in 2000-2005. This systematic review provides evidence for movement towards children's involvement in dental research over the last 10 years. Future dental research must focus on incorporating children's perspectives into the evaluation of dental treatments to improve outcomes for children.
© 2015 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
European journal of orthodontics, 2003
This is Part 2 of an in vitro study investigating two techniques for recording and quantifying de... more This is Part 2 of an in vitro study investigating two techniques for recording and quantifying demineralization surrounding orthodontic brackets. In Part 1 the repeatability of computerized image analysis from digitally converted photographic slides and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) was explored. In Part 2 of the investigation the validity of each technique was examined. Thirty halved human molars, shaped to look like incisors and with an orthodontic bracket bonded to the buccal surface were used. A small area of each of the four edges of the bracket was variously exposed to a demineralizing gel for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days. Images of the teeth were taken and analysed using the two techniques. Repeat images and analysis were carried out blind. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were calculated. A negative result confirmed that there was no demineralization present in the majority of cases. A positive result was less reliable particularl...
European journal of orthodontics, 2003
The aim of this investigation was to compare the repeatability of measuring enamel demineralizati... more The aim of this investigation was to compare the repeatability of measuring enamel demineralization surrounding an orthodontic bracket using two techniques: computerized image analysis from digitally converted photographic slides and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Fifteen human molars were halved and shaped to look like incisors. The teeth were individually numbered and orthodontic brackets bonded to the buccal surface. The crowns were covered with acid resistant varnish, except for windows approximately 1.5 x 3 mm adjacent to the gingival, occlusal, mesial, and distal edges of the bracket. The windows were variously exposed to a demineralizing gel for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days, and the acid resistant varnish was removed. Standardized photographic slides and QLF images of the teeth were taken. These were repeated after 1 week. The slides were converted to grey scale digital format and analysed using Image-Pro Plus 3.0. The QLF images were stored, processed, and analysed us...
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006
Journal of Orthodontics, 2013
To explore the views of potential orthognathic patients regarding the influence of the BOS Orthog... more To explore the views of potential orthognathic patients regarding the influence of the BOS Orthognathic DVD in their decision making process. Qualitative, cross-sectional study. A UK dental teaching hospital. Patients considering orthognathic treatment. New patients were recruited from orthognathic clinics following an initial consultation. After an appropriate time to view the DVD, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 patients (aged 16-48 years) in their homes. Interviews explored the attitudes and perceptions that influenced decisions about surgery, with a focus on the role of the DVD in this process. The interviews were transcribed and a framework analysis was undertaken. The main themes identified were participant perceptions on the patient stories, use of images, the nature of the DVD itself and its usefulness in the decision making process. Participants reported they were heavily influenced by the patient stories. Virtual animations of surgery were seen as useful; whereas the before and after images of surgery were found to be disorientating. The design of the menu resulted in confusion or information being missed. The DVD was seen as a trusted resource, whereas the Internet was seen as biased, general and sensationalistic. The DVD gives trusted information that patients cannot obtain or process from professional sources or the Internet. If used properly it can have a role in the decision making process, but should be seen within the context of other influences on the patient. This research has highlighted some aspects of the DVD that could be improved upon.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2012
Closed exposure for palatally displaced maxillary cuspids (PDC).
The Angle Orthodontist, 2014
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2010
Abstract Introduction: The aim was to compare the assessment of OH-QoL between children with malo... more Abstract Introduction: The aim was to compare the assessment of OH-QoL between children with malocclusion and their mothers, using the responses to the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) and the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ).
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2008
Objective: To compare the efficiency and effectiveness of the mid-palatal implant with headgear a... more Objective: To compare the efficiency and effectiveness of the mid-palatal implant with headgear as methods of supplementing anchorage during orthodontic treatment. Design: A prospective, randomized, clinical trial Setting: Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Royal Hospital NHS Trust and the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield. Subjects and Methods: 51 orthodontic patients between the ages of 12 and 39, with 'absolute anchorage' requirements were randomly allocated to either receive a mid-palatal implant or headgear to reinforce orthodontic anchorage. The outcome measures of the trial were surgical and orthodontic success rates of the implants, the number of visits and length of time of treatment, the success of treatment as judged by PAR score reductions and the patients attitude to implant placement.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2007
The position of children in society has changed with increasing emphasis on children&... more The position of children in society has changed with increasing emphasis on children's rights and child-centred services. This study aimed to describe the extent to which contemporary oral health research has been conducted with or on children. A systematic review of the child dental literature from 2000-2005 was conducted. A purposive sample was used to develop categories describing the level of involvement of children in research. Four main categories were developed: children as the objects of research, proxies used on behalf of children, children as the subjects of research with some involvement and children as active participants with their perspectives explored. Electronic databases were searched and exclusion criteria applied. Each of the resulting papers was examined and categorised. The frequency distribution in each category and the distribution of these categories according to subject were calculated. The search revealed 3266 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 87.1% were categorised as research where children were used as objects, 5.7% were found to involve proxies (parents or clinicians), 7.0% involved children to some extent and 0.3% involved children actively. Most oral health research is conducted on children, in future research should strive to be conducted with children, involving them as fully as possible.
Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)
The term anchorage in orthodontic treatment refers to methods of controlling unwanted tooth movem... more The term anchorage in orthodontic treatment refers to methods of controlling unwanted tooth movement. This is provided either by anchor sites within the mouth, such as the teeth and the palate, or from outside the mouth (headgear). Recently, new methods of providing anchorage have been developed using orthodontic implants which are surgically inserted into the bone in the mouth. This is termed surgical anchorage. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2007.
Randomised clinical trials are commonly undertaken in medical and dental research. However, few a... more Randomised clinical trials are commonly undertaken in medical and dental research. However, few authors discuss the difficulties associated with such studies, including costs, ethical issues and recruitment of an adequate number of patients. There is little information available on the number of studies which are terminated early as a result of these issues, but it seems likely that at least 10% of clinical studies never reach completion. This paper reviews two nationally funded clinical studies which were terminated early. It highlights the problems associated with patient recruitment and also some issues which may benefit researchers undertaking similar studies in the future.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, Jun 1, 2015
There has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of childre... more There has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of children on health services and research. A previous systematic review found that most oral health research from 2000 to 2005 was conducted on children and highlighted the need for greater research with children.
To describe the extent to which oral health research between 2006 and 2014 has been conducted with or on children.
Systematic review. Electronic databases were searched for the literature on child dental health. Each identified paper was examined by two researchers and categorised based on the extent to which children were involved in the research, the type of study (evaluative or otherwise), the country of origin, and the clinical discipline.
The search included 2950 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 17.4% were with children, 18.3% involved the use of proxies (parents or clinician), and 64.2% were on children.
The proportion of studies from 2006 to 2014 involving research with children has increased from 7.3% in 2000-2005. This systematic review provides evidence for movement towards children's involvement in dental research over the last 10 years. Future dental research must focus on incorporating children's perspectives into the evaluation of dental treatments to improve outcomes for children.
© 2015 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
European journal of orthodontics, 2003
This is Part 2 of an in vitro study investigating two techniques for recording and quantifying de... more This is Part 2 of an in vitro study investigating two techniques for recording and quantifying demineralization surrounding orthodontic brackets. In Part 1 the repeatability of computerized image analysis from digitally converted photographic slides and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) was explored. In Part 2 of the investigation the validity of each technique was examined. Thirty halved human molars, shaped to look like incisors and with an orthodontic bracket bonded to the buccal surface were used. A small area of each of the four edges of the bracket was variously exposed to a demineralizing gel for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days. Images of the teeth were taken and analysed using the two techniques. Repeat images and analysis were carried out blind. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were calculated. A negative result confirmed that there was no demineralization present in the majority of cases. A positive result was less reliable particularl...
European journal of orthodontics, 2003
The aim of this investigation was to compare the repeatability of measuring enamel demineralizati... more The aim of this investigation was to compare the repeatability of measuring enamel demineralization surrounding an orthodontic bracket using two techniques: computerized image analysis from digitally converted photographic slides and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Fifteen human molars were halved and shaped to look like incisors. The teeth were individually numbered and orthodontic brackets bonded to the buccal surface. The crowns were covered with acid resistant varnish, except for windows approximately 1.5 x 3 mm adjacent to the gingival, occlusal, mesial, and distal edges of the bracket. The windows were variously exposed to a demineralizing gel for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days, and the acid resistant varnish was removed. Standardized photographic slides and QLF images of the teeth were taken. These were repeated after 1 week. The slides were converted to grey scale digital format and analysed using Image-Pro Plus 3.0. The QLF images were stored, processed, and analysed us...
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006
Journal of Orthodontics, 2013
To explore the views of potential orthognathic patients regarding the influence of the BOS Orthog... more To explore the views of potential orthognathic patients regarding the influence of the BOS Orthognathic DVD in their decision making process. Qualitative, cross-sectional study. A UK dental teaching hospital. Patients considering orthognathic treatment. New patients were recruited from orthognathic clinics following an initial consultation. After an appropriate time to view the DVD, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 patients (aged 16-48 years) in their homes. Interviews explored the attitudes and perceptions that influenced decisions about surgery, with a focus on the role of the DVD in this process. The interviews were transcribed and a framework analysis was undertaken. The main themes identified were participant perceptions on the patient stories, use of images, the nature of the DVD itself and its usefulness in the decision making process. Participants reported they were heavily influenced by the patient stories. Virtual animations of surgery were seen as useful; whereas the before and after images of surgery were found to be disorientating. The design of the menu resulted in confusion or information being missed. The DVD was seen as a trusted resource, whereas the Internet was seen as biased, general and sensationalistic. The DVD gives trusted information that patients cannot obtain or process from professional sources or the Internet. If used properly it can have a role in the decision making process, but should be seen within the context of other influences on the patient. This research has highlighted some aspects of the DVD that could be improved upon.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2012
Closed exposure for palatally displaced maxillary cuspids (PDC).
The Angle Orthodontist, 2014
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2010
Abstract Introduction: The aim was to compare the assessment of OH-QoL between children with malo... more Abstract Introduction: The aim was to compare the assessment of OH-QoL between children with malocclusion and their mothers, using the responses to the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) and the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ).
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2008
Objective: To compare the efficiency and effectiveness of the mid-palatal implant with headgear a... more Objective: To compare the efficiency and effectiveness of the mid-palatal implant with headgear as methods of supplementing anchorage during orthodontic treatment. Design: A prospective, randomized, clinical trial Setting: Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Royal Hospital NHS Trust and the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield. Subjects and Methods: 51 orthodontic patients between the ages of 12 and 39, with 'absolute anchorage' requirements were randomly allocated to either receive a mid-palatal implant or headgear to reinforce orthodontic anchorage. The outcome measures of the trial were surgical and orthodontic success rates of the implants, the number of visits and length of time of treatment, the success of treatment as judged by PAR score reductions and the patients attitude to implant placement.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2007
The position of children in society has changed with increasing emphasis on children&... more The position of children in society has changed with increasing emphasis on children's rights and child-centred services. This study aimed to describe the extent to which contemporary oral health research has been conducted with or on children. A systematic review of the child dental literature from 2000-2005 was conducted. A purposive sample was used to develop categories describing the level of involvement of children in research. Four main categories were developed: children as the objects of research, proxies used on behalf of children, children as the subjects of research with some involvement and children as active participants with their perspectives explored. Electronic databases were searched and exclusion criteria applied. Each of the resulting papers was examined and categorised. The frequency distribution in each category and the distribution of these categories according to subject were calculated. The search revealed 3266 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 87.1% were categorised as research where children were used as objects, 5.7% were found to involve proxies (parents or clinicians), 7.0% involved children to some extent and 0.3% involved children actively. Most oral health research is conducted on children, in future research should strive to be conducted with children, involving them as fully as possible.