Professor Sarah Baker | The University of Sheffield (original) (raw)
Papers by Professor Sarah Baker
International journal of paediatric dentistry, Jan 29, 2016
Decision aids are tools used to help individuals faced with difficult healthcare decisions. They ... more Decision aids are tools used to help individuals faced with difficult healthcare decisions. They help patients further understand the treatment options available and encourage the sharing of information between patients and clinicians. To develop a decision aid for young patients faced with the decision to undergo dental treatment with inhalation sedation, intravenous sedation, or general anaesthesia (GA). Qualitative interviews with dental patients (aged 10-16 years), and their parents/guardians were used to inform the content of a draft decision aid. Following further revisions, a pilot evaluation of the decision aid was conducted. Patients referred for dental treatment with sedation or GA were recruited from a UK dental hospital. Patients (n = 15) and parents/guardians (n = 13) assigned to the intervention group received the decision aid and routine clinical counselling, whereas patients (n = 17) and parents/guardians (n = 13) in the control group only received routine clinical c...
Journal of orthodontics, Jan 8, 2016
To seek the views of adolescents with malocclusion about how the appearance and arrangement of th... more To seek the views of adolescents with malocclusion about how the appearance and arrangement of their teeth affects their everyday life and to incorporate these views into a new Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ). Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 30 young people (10-16 years) referred for orthodontic treatment to two dental teaching hospitals. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using framework analysis. Several themes and sub themes were identified and these were used to identify items to include in the new measure. Three themes emerged which were: concerns about the appearance of their teeth, effect on social interactions and oral health/function. Participants expressed the view that their teeth did not look normal, causing them embarrassment and a lack of confidence, particularly when they were with their peers or having their photograph taken. Concerns regarding the potential effect of a malocclusion on oral health, in ...
International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children, Jan 9, 2015
There has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of childre... more There has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of children on health services and research. A previous systematic review found that most oral health research from 2000 to 2005 was conducted on children and highlighted the need for greater research with children. To describe the extent to which oral health research between 2006 and 2014 has been conducted with or on children. Systematic review. Electronic databases were searched for the literature on child dental health. Each identified paper was examined by two researchers and categorised based on the extent to which children were involved in the research, the type of study (evaluative or otherwise), the country of origin, and the clinical discipline. The search included 2950 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 17.4% were with children, 18.3% involved the use of proxies (parents or clinician), and 64.2% were on children. The proportion of studies from 2006 to 2014 inv...
Dental Clinics of North America, 2019
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2008
The aim of the study was to provide an empirical test of the construct validity of the Oral Healt... more The aim of the study was to provide an empirical test of the construct validity of the Oral Health Impact Profile as a measure of Locker's conceptual model of oral health. A secondary analysis of data from the Ontario Study of Older Adults was carried out using structural equation modelling to assess the degree to which scale items measured the construct they were supposed to measure (within-construct validity) and whether relations between constructs were as hypothesized by Locker's model (between-construct validity). The findings indicated that the Oral Health Impact Profile as currently conceived does not have adequate within-construct validity. Scale items did not always measure the construct they were supposed to measure, some items within a construct were redundant, many measured more than one construct, and the scale did not represent seven separate constructs of oral health as originally devised. Following reconceptualization of the scale, the revised six-factor 22 item version was a better fit to the data. However, the scale did not have adequate between-construct validity. The present findings do not provide support for the conceptual basis of the Oral Health Impact Profile as a measure of Locker's model of oral health. The need for further conceptual development of the scale, and Locker's model, are discussed.
European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2009
Transition to secondary education is a significant life event. Little is known about the impact o... more Transition to secondary education is a significant life event. Little is known about the impact of oro-facial conditions during this time and how concerns may contribute as a risk factor to negative adaptation. The aim of the study was to explore experiences of young people with oro-facial conditions as they undergo the transition to secondary education. Qualitative interview and diary study. Participants were children aged 11-12 years with a range of clinical conditions who attended a dental hospital. Participants completed a two-week diary during the transition and were interviewed about the diary and their experiences. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Seventeen participants returned the diary and were interviewed; they described both changes in school environment and social interactions. A key finding was the concerns about aspects of themselves that children developed during this time. For some young people these concerns were about their oro-facial cond...
Quality of Life Research, 2011
Purpose Dental conditions have the potential to impact negatively on children's oral health-relat... more Purpose Dental conditions have the potential to impact negatively on children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, little attempt has been made to investigate how psychosocial variables and significant life events affect children's OHRQoL. This research aimed to explore how children's dental status, coping, and selfesteem influenced OHRQoL during transition to secondary school. Methods All patients were undergoing treatment at a UK Dental Hospital. Self-report questionnaires obtained psychosocial data on self-esteem, coping styles and OHRQoL and were completed by children 3 months prior to secondary school entry and 3 months following educational transition. Data were extracted from the clinical records of the paediatric patients who agreed to participate in the research. Results A total of 92 children aged between 10 and 11 years participated at baseline (43% response rate) and 71 of these children participated in the follow-up investigation (77% response rate). Multiple lagged regression analyses revealed that clinical variables and children's selfperception of their physical appearance were significant predictors of OHRQoL following transition to secondary school. Conclusions Children who were satisfied with their physical appearance reported fewer impacts on their OHRQoL. The mechanisms through which this domain of self-esteem impacts on OHRQoL warrants further investigation.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2014
Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 2016
(2016). Protocol for a feasibility study of a self-help Cognitive Behavioural Therapy resource fo... more (2016). Protocol for a feasibility study of a self-help Cognitive Behavioural Therapy resource for the reduction of dental anxiety in young people. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 2, p. 13.
Journal of clinical periodontology, 2018
To utilise Andersen's behavioural model for health services' use as the theoretical frame... more To utilise Andersen's behavioural model for health services' use as the theoretical framework to examine direct and indirect relationships between population characteristics, oral health behaviours and periodontitis and oral health impacts. The model was tested in a general adult population (n = 1,886) in Norway, using structural equation modelling. Socioeconomic status, sense of coherence (SOC), dental anxiety, perceived treatment need, oral health behaviours and oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) were collected through questionnaire. Periodontal examinations consisted of full-mouth recordings. Andersen's model explained a large part of the variance in use of dental services (58%) and oral health-related impacts (55%), and to a less extent periodontitis (19%). More social structure and stronger SOC was related to more enabling resources, which in turn was associated with more use of dental services. More use of dental services was related to more periodontitis and mor...
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, Jan 14, 2018
This systematic review aimed to describe the extent to which oral health research since the adven... more This systematic review aimed to describe the extent to which oral health research since the advent of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the current movement on the inclusion of voices of children, has been done on or with children with disabilities. A systematic review of the dental literature for children with disabilities from 2001 to 2017 was conducted. Electronic databases were searched for oral health literature on the involvement of children with disabilities. Each identified article was examined by 2 reviewers against the inclusion criteria and categorized according to the extent to which children with disabilities were involved in oral health research, type of study, children's ages, type of impairment and the country of origin. The search included 113 articles after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these papers, 6.2% were classified as research with children, 41...
The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, 2018
To gain an experiential account of the processes of change associated specifically with orthognat... more To gain an experiential account of the processes of change associated specifically with orthognathic surgery. A qualitative design was used. Semistructured interviews were carried out with 7 participants approximately 1 week before and 6-8 weeks after surgery. The data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenologic analysis (IPA). Participants were recruited from a NHS Dental Hospital. Patients aged 16 to 25 years scheduled to undergo orthognathic surgery on both the upper and lower jaws were purposively sought to participate. Seven participants aged between 18 and 25 years and who had undergone a bimaxillary osteotomy completed interviews (5 females and 2 males). Themes were identified in connection with the overall journey of treatment being a rite of passage; the treatment's role in raising awareness about the anomalies in appearance; the initial shock at the changes that followed surgery; the uncertainty about treatment; the impact of actual negative reactions of others; ...
Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, Sep 17, 2017
To investigate the association between using online support groups (OSGs) and health-related qual... more To investigate the association between using online support groups (OSGs) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the psychosocial factors that may influence this association among individuals with head and neck (H&N) cancer. A sample of 199 persons with H&N cancer using four OSGs completed an online questionnaire using six pre-validated measures for social network, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression, adjustment, empowerment and quality of life. In addition, socio-demographic as well as illness-related and OSGs-related information was collected. Participants who had better HRQoL had been using OSGs for a longer time than those who had worse HRQoL (B = 0.07, p < 0.05). Depression and adjustment were the only direct mediators in this association, whereas self-efficacy, anxiety and empowerment appeared as indirect mediators. Participation in OSGs was found to be associated to better HRQoL either directly or indirectly through decreasing depression, anxiety and the negativ...
Australian dental journal, Jan 27, 2017
This study aimed to adapt a measure of trust in physicians generally to trust in dentists and to ... more This study aimed to adapt a measure of trust in physicians generally to trust in dentists and to assess the reliability and validity of the measure. Questionnaire data were collected from a simple random sample of 596 Australian adults. The 11-item General Trust in Physicians Scale (Hall et al., 2002) was modified to apply to dentists. The Dentist Trust Scale (DTS) had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and exploratory factor analysis revealed a single factor solution. Lower DTS scores were associated with less trust in the dentist last visited, having previously changed dentists due to unhappiness with the care received, currently having dental pain, usual visiting frequency, dental avoidance, and with past experiences of discomfort, gagging, fainting, embarrassment and personal problems with the dentist. The majority of people appear to exhibit trust in dentists generally. The DTS shows promising reliability and validity evidence. This article is protected by ...
BMC oral health, Jan 15, 2016
The current investigation examined the determinants of oral health experiences associated with de... more The current investigation examined the determinants of oral health experiences associated with dentine hypersensitivity using prospective diary methodology. Staff and students from a large UK university who had self-diagnosed dentine hypersensitivity completed an online daily diary and text survey for 2 weeks recording their mood, oral health-related coping behaviours, coping and pain appraisals, pain experiences and functional limitations. Cross sectional and lagged path analyses were employed to examine relationships. One hundred one participants took part in the diary study. Participants had a mean age of 26.3 years (range = 18-63) and most were female (N = 69). Individuals who used more oral health-related coping behaviours predicted and experienced greater levels of pain on subsequent days. Negative mood also predicted worse pain outcomes. The daily diary method provided a useful avenue for investigating variations in oral health experiences and relationships between variables ...
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2007
The position of children in society has changed with increasing emphasis on children&amp;... more The position of children in society has changed with increasing emphasis on children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s rights and child-centred services. This study aimed to describe the extent to which contemporary oral health research has been conducted with or on children. A systematic review of the child dental literature from 2000-2005 was conducted. A purposive sample was used to develop categories describing the level of involvement of children in research. Four main categories were developed: children as the objects of research, proxies used on behalf of children, children as the subjects of research with some involvement and children as active participants with their perspectives explored. Electronic databases were searched and exclusion criteria applied. Each of the resulting papers was examined and categorised. The frequency distribution in each category and the distribution of these categories according to subject were calculated. The search revealed 3266 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 87.1% were categorised as research where children were used as objects, 5.7% were found to involve proxies (parents or clinicians), 7.0% involved children to some extent and 0.3% involved children actively. Most oral health research is conducted on children, in future research should strive to be conducted with children, involving them as fully as possible.
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 2014
Since the early 1990s, there has been heated debate critically reflecting on social epidemiology.... more Since the early 1990s, there has been heated debate critically reflecting on social epidemiology. Yet, very little of this debate has reached oral epidemiology. This is no more noticeable than in the field of oral health inequalities. One of the significant achievements of social oral epidemiology has been the persistent documentation of social patterning of oral disease. Nevertheless, where social oral epidemiology has fallen down is going beyond description to explaining these patterns. Thinking how and in what way things happen, not just in relation to oral health inequalities but also more broadly, requires a more creative approach which links to scholarship outside of dentistry, including the work from critical epidemiologists to that within the social sciences. The aim of this review study is to provide a critical commentary on key aspects of more general epidemiological debates in order to inform and develop social oral epidemiology theory and methodology. In the first sectio...
Quality of Life Research, 2006
The aim of the study was to systematically test Wilson and Cleary&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp... more The aim of the study was to systematically test Wilson and Cleary&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s [Wilson IB, Cleary PD. JAMA 1995; 273: 59-65] conceptual model of the direct and mediated pathways between clinical and non-clinical variables in relation to the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with xerostomia. We collected measures of clinical variables, self-reported symptoms, OHRQoL, global oral health perceptions and subjective well-being from 85 patients attending outpatient clinics. Structural equation modelling indicated support for the dominant direct pathways between the main levels of the model; more severe clinical signs predicted worse patient reported symptoms; worse symptom perception was associated with a lower functional status as measured by OHRQoL; and lower OHRQoL predicted worse global oral health perceptions. There was no relationship between the final two levels of the model; global oral health perceptions and subjective well-being. Subjective well-being was associated instead with earlier non-adjacent levels; biological variables, symptoms and functional status. These pathways were both direct (salivary flow-well-being, functioning-well-being) and indirect (clinical signs-well being, symptom status-well-being). There were also indirect pathways; most notably, the impact of clinical variables on OHRQoL was mediated by patient reported symptom status. The results support Wilson and Cleary&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s conceptual model of patient outcomes as applied to a chronic oral health condition and highlight the complexity of (inter)relationships between key clinical and non-clinical variables. Further conceptual development of the model is discussed, particularly the role of individual difference factors, and theoretical and methodological issues in OHRQoL research are highlighted.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2013
Aim: To validate the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire in terms of responsiveness... more Aim: To validate the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire in terms of responsiveness to change and to determine the minimally important difference. Materials and Methods: The study was a secondary analysis of data from three randomized controlled trials with 311 participants. Three aspects of responsiveness were examined: change within individuals, differences among people who improved, stayed the same or worsened using an external referent and change due to treatment. Responsiveness to treatments of differing efficacy was assessed in trials with negative and active controls. Results: The measure showed excellent internal reliability, test-retest reliability and criterion validity. The measure was highly responsive to change within individuals (Cohen's effect sizes: 0.28, 0.56, 0.86) showing decreases in the total score (i.e. improvement in OHrQoL) across all trials. The effect sizes in participants whose self-reported QoL "improved" were large (0.73-1.31). Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire detected a treatment effect in one of two negative control trials (effect size: 0.47). Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire scores were similar in the test and control groups in the active control trial. The minimally important difference range was between 22 and 39 points. Conclusions: The measure is longitudinally reliable, valid and responsive and can discriminate between treatments of different efficacy.
International journal of paediatric dentistry, Jan 29, 2016
Decision aids are tools used to help individuals faced with difficult healthcare decisions. They ... more Decision aids are tools used to help individuals faced with difficult healthcare decisions. They help patients further understand the treatment options available and encourage the sharing of information between patients and clinicians. To develop a decision aid for young patients faced with the decision to undergo dental treatment with inhalation sedation, intravenous sedation, or general anaesthesia (GA). Qualitative interviews with dental patients (aged 10-16 years), and their parents/guardians were used to inform the content of a draft decision aid. Following further revisions, a pilot evaluation of the decision aid was conducted. Patients referred for dental treatment with sedation or GA were recruited from a UK dental hospital. Patients (n = 15) and parents/guardians (n = 13) assigned to the intervention group received the decision aid and routine clinical counselling, whereas patients (n = 17) and parents/guardians (n = 13) in the control group only received routine clinical c...
Journal of orthodontics, Jan 8, 2016
To seek the views of adolescents with malocclusion about how the appearance and arrangement of th... more To seek the views of adolescents with malocclusion about how the appearance and arrangement of their teeth affects their everyday life and to incorporate these views into a new Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ). Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 30 young people (10-16 years) referred for orthodontic treatment to two dental teaching hospitals. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using framework analysis. Several themes and sub themes were identified and these were used to identify items to include in the new measure. Three themes emerged which were: concerns about the appearance of their teeth, effect on social interactions and oral health/function. Participants expressed the view that their teeth did not look normal, causing them embarrassment and a lack of confidence, particularly when they were with their peers or having their photograph taken. Concerns regarding the potential effect of a malocclusion on oral health, in ...
International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children, Jan 9, 2015
There has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of childre... more There has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of children on health services and research. A previous systematic review found that most oral health research from 2000 to 2005 was conducted on children and highlighted the need for greater research with children. To describe the extent to which oral health research between 2006 and 2014 has been conducted with or on children. Systematic review. Electronic databases were searched for the literature on child dental health. Each identified paper was examined by two researchers and categorised based on the extent to which children were involved in the research, the type of study (evaluative or otherwise), the country of origin, and the clinical discipline. The search included 2950 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 17.4% were with children, 18.3% involved the use of proxies (parents or clinician), and 64.2% were on children. The proportion of studies from 2006 to 2014 inv...
Dental Clinics of North America, 2019
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2008
The aim of the study was to provide an empirical test of the construct validity of the Oral Healt... more The aim of the study was to provide an empirical test of the construct validity of the Oral Health Impact Profile as a measure of Locker's conceptual model of oral health. A secondary analysis of data from the Ontario Study of Older Adults was carried out using structural equation modelling to assess the degree to which scale items measured the construct they were supposed to measure (within-construct validity) and whether relations between constructs were as hypothesized by Locker's model (between-construct validity). The findings indicated that the Oral Health Impact Profile as currently conceived does not have adequate within-construct validity. Scale items did not always measure the construct they were supposed to measure, some items within a construct were redundant, many measured more than one construct, and the scale did not represent seven separate constructs of oral health as originally devised. Following reconceptualization of the scale, the revised six-factor 22 item version was a better fit to the data. However, the scale did not have adequate between-construct validity. The present findings do not provide support for the conceptual basis of the Oral Health Impact Profile as a measure of Locker's model of oral health. The need for further conceptual development of the scale, and Locker's model, are discussed.
European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2009
Transition to secondary education is a significant life event. Little is known about the impact o... more Transition to secondary education is a significant life event. Little is known about the impact of oro-facial conditions during this time and how concerns may contribute as a risk factor to negative adaptation. The aim of the study was to explore experiences of young people with oro-facial conditions as they undergo the transition to secondary education. Qualitative interview and diary study. Participants were children aged 11-12 years with a range of clinical conditions who attended a dental hospital. Participants completed a two-week diary during the transition and were interviewed about the diary and their experiences. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Seventeen participants returned the diary and were interviewed; they described both changes in school environment and social interactions. A key finding was the concerns about aspects of themselves that children developed during this time. For some young people these concerns were about their oro-facial cond...
Quality of Life Research, 2011
Purpose Dental conditions have the potential to impact negatively on children's oral health-relat... more Purpose Dental conditions have the potential to impact negatively on children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, little attempt has been made to investigate how psychosocial variables and significant life events affect children's OHRQoL. This research aimed to explore how children's dental status, coping, and selfesteem influenced OHRQoL during transition to secondary school. Methods All patients were undergoing treatment at a UK Dental Hospital. Self-report questionnaires obtained psychosocial data on self-esteem, coping styles and OHRQoL and were completed by children 3 months prior to secondary school entry and 3 months following educational transition. Data were extracted from the clinical records of the paediatric patients who agreed to participate in the research. Results A total of 92 children aged between 10 and 11 years participated at baseline (43% response rate) and 71 of these children participated in the follow-up investigation (77% response rate). Multiple lagged regression analyses revealed that clinical variables and children's selfperception of their physical appearance were significant predictors of OHRQoL following transition to secondary school. Conclusions Children who were satisfied with their physical appearance reported fewer impacts on their OHRQoL. The mechanisms through which this domain of self-esteem impacts on OHRQoL warrants further investigation.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2014
Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 2016
(2016). Protocol for a feasibility study of a self-help Cognitive Behavioural Therapy resource fo... more (2016). Protocol for a feasibility study of a self-help Cognitive Behavioural Therapy resource for the reduction of dental anxiety in young people. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 2, p. 13.
Journal of clinical periodontology, 2018
To utilise Andersen's behavioural model for health services' use as the theoretical frame... more To utilise Andersen's behavioural model for health services' use as the theoretical framework to examine direct and indirect relationships between population characteristics, oral health behaviours and periodontitis and oral health impacts. The model was tested in a general adult population (n = 1,886) in Norway, using structural equation modelling. Socioeconomic status, sense of coherence (SOC), dental anxiety, perceived treatment need, oral health behaviours and oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) were collected through questionnaire. Periodontal examinations consisted of full-mouth recordings. Andersen's model explained a large part of the variance in use of dental services (58%) and oral health-related impacts (55%), and to a less extent periodontitis (19%). More social structure and stronger SOC was related to more enabling resources, which in turn was associated with more use of dental services. More use of dental services was related to more periodontitis and mor...
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, Jan 14, 2018
This systematic review aimed to describe the extent to which oral health research since the adven... more This systematic review aimed to describe the extent to which oral health research since the advent of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the current movement on the inclusion of voices of children, has been done on or with children with disabilities. A systematic review of the dental literature for children with disabilities from 2001 to 2017 was conducted. Electronic databases were searched for oral health literature on the involvement of children with disabilities. Each identified article was examined by 2 reviewers against the inclusion criteria and categorized according to the extent to which children with disabilities were involved in oral health research, type of study, children's ages, type of impairment and the country of origin. The search included 113 articles after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these papers, 6.2% were classified as research with children, 41...
The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, 2018
To gain an experiential account of the processes of change associated specifically with orthognat... more To gain an experiential account of the processes of change associated specifically with orthognathic surgery. A qualitative design was used. Semistructured interviews were carried out with 7 participants approximately 1 week before and 6-8 weeks after surgery. The data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenologic analysis (IPA). Participants were recruited from a NHS Dental Hospital. Patients aged 16 to 25 years scheduled to undergo orthognathic surgery on both the upper and lower jaws were purposively sought to participate. Seven participants aged between 18 and 25 years and who had undergone a bimaxillary osteotomy completed interviews (5 females and 2 males). Themes were identified in connection with the overall journey of treatment being a rite of passage; the treatment's role in raising awareness about the anomalies in appearance; the initial shock at the changes that followed surgery; the uncertainty about treatment; the impact of actual negative reactions of others; ...
Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, Sep 17, 2017
To investigate the association between using online support groups (OSGs) and health-related qual... more To investigate the association between using online support groups (OSGs) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the psychosocial factors that may influence this association among individuals with head and neck (H&N) cancer. A sample of 199 persons with H&N cancer using four OSGs completed an online questionnaire using six pre-validated measures for social network, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression, adjustment, empowerment and quality of life. In addition, socio-demographic as well as illness-related and OSGs-related information was collected. Participants who had better HRQoL had been using OSGs for a longer time than those who had worse HRQoL (B = 0.07, p < 0.05). Depression and adjustment were the only direct mediators in this association, whereas self-efficacy, anxiety and empowerment appeared as indirect mediators. Participation in OSGs was found to be associated to better HRQoL either directly or indirectly through decreasing depression, anxiety and the negativ...
Australian dental journal, Jan 27, 2017
This study aimed to adapt a measure of trust in physicians generally to trust in dentists and to ... more This study aimed to adapt a measure of trust in physicians generally to trust in dentists and to assess the reliability and validity of the measure. Questionnaire data were collected from a simple random sample of 596 Australian adults. The 11-item General Trust in Physicians Scale (Hall et al., 2002) was modified to apply to dentists. The Dentist Trust Scale (DTS) had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and exploratory factor analysis revealed a single factor solution. Lower DTS scores were associated with less trust in the dentist last visited, having previously changed dentists due to unhappiness with the care received, currently having dental pain, usual visiting frequency, dental avoidance, and with past experiences of discomfort, gagging, fainting, embarrassment and personal problems with the dentist. The majority of people appear to exhibit trust in dentists generally. The DTS shows promising reliability and validity evidence. This article is protected by ...
BMC oral health, Jan 15, 2016
The current investigation examined the determinants of oral health experiences associated with de... more The current investigation examined the determinants of oral health experiences associated with dentine hypersensitivity using prospective diary methodology. Staff and students from a large UK university who had self-diagnosed dentine hypersensitivity completed an online daily diary and text survey for 2 weeks recording their mood, oral health-related coping behaviours, coping and pain appraisals, pain experiences and functional limitations. Cross sectional and lagged path analyses were employed to examine relationships. One hundred one participants took part in the diary study. Participants had a mean age of 26.3 years (range = 18-63) and most were female (N = 69). Individuals who used more oral health-related coping behaviours predicted and experienced greater levels of pain on subsequent days. Negative mood also predicted worse pain outcomes. The daily diary method provided a useful avenue for investigating variations in oral health experiences and relationships between variables ...
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2007
The position of children in society has changed with increasing emphasis on children&amp;... more The position of children in society has changed with increasing emphasis on children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s rights and child-centred services. This study aimed to describe the extent to which contemporary oral health research has been conducted with or on children. A systematic review of the child dental literature from 2000-2005 was conducted. A purposive sample was used to develop categories describing the level of involvement of children in research. Four main categories were developed: children as the objects of research, proxies used on behalf of children, children as the subjects of research with some involvement and children as active participants with their perspectives explored. Electronic databases were searched and exclusion criteria applied. Each of the resulting papers was examined and categorised. The frequency distribution in each category and the distribution of these categories according to subject were calculated. The search revealed 3266 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 87.1% were categorised as research where children were used as objects, 5.7% were found to involve proxies (parents or clinicians), 7.0% involved children to some extent and 0.3% involved children actively. Most oral health research is conducted on children, in future research should strive to be conducted with children, involving them as fully as possible.
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 2014
Since the early 1990s, there has been heated debate critically reflecting on social epidemiology.... more Since the early 1990s, there has been heated debate critically reflecting on social epidemiology. Yet, very little of this debate has reached oral epidemiology. This is no more noticeable than in the field of oral health inequalities. One of the significant achievements of social oral epidemiology has been the persistent documentation of social patterning of oral disease. Nevertheless, where social oral epidemiology has fallen down is going beyond description to explaining these patterns. Thinking how and in what way things happen, not just in relation to oral health inequalities but also more broadly, requires a more creative approach which links to scholarship outside of dentistry, including the work from critical epidemiologists to that within the social sciences. The aim of this review study is to provide a critical commentary on key aspects of more general epidemiological debates in order to inform and develop social oral epidemiology theory and methodology. In the first sectio...
Quality of Life Research, 2006
The aim of the study was to systematically test Wilson and Cleary&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp... more The aim of the study was to systematically test Wilson and Cleary&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s [Wilson IB, Cleary PD. JAMA 1995; 273: 59-65] conceptual model of the direct and mediated pathways between clinical and non-clinical variables in relation to the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with xerostomia. We collected measures of clinical variables, self-reported symptoms, OHRQoL, global oral health perceptions and subjective well-being from 85 patients attending outpatient clinics. Structural equation modelling indicated support for the dominant direct pathways between the main levels of the model; more severe clinical signs predicted worse patient reported symptoms; worse symptom perception was associated with a lower functional status as measured by OHRQoL; and lower OHRQoL predicted worse global oral health perceptions. There was no relationship between the final two levels of the model; global oral health perceptions and subjective well-being. Subjective well-being was associated instead with earlier non-adjacent levels; biological variables, symptoms and functional status. These pathways were both direct (salivary flow-well-being, functioning-well-being) and indirect (clinical signs-well being, symptom status-well-being). There were also indirect pathways; most notably, the impact of clinical variables on OHRQoL was mediated by patient reported symptom status. The results support Wilson and Cleary&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s conceptual model of patient outcomes as applied to a chronic oral health condition and highlight the complexity of (inter)relationships between key clinical and non-clinical variables. Further conceptual development of the model is discussed, particularly the role of individual difference factors, and theoretical and methodological issues in OHRQoL research are highlighted.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2013
Aim: To validate the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire in terms of responsiveness... more Aim: To validate the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire in terms of responsiveness to change and to determine the minimally important difference. Materials and Methods: The study was a secondary analysis of data from three randomized controlled trials with 311 participants. Three aspects of responsiveness were examined: change within individuals, differences among people who improved, stayed the same or worsened using an external referent and change due to treatment. Responsiveness to treatments of differing efficacy was assessed in trials with negative and active controls. Results: The measure showed excellent internal reliability, test-retest reliability and criterion validity. The measure was highly responsive to change within individuals (Cohen's effect sizes: 0.28, 0.56, 0.86) showing decreases in the total score (i.e. improvement in OHrQoL) across all trials. The effect sizes in participants whose self-reported QoL "improved" were large (0.73-1.31). Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire detected a treatment effect in one of two negative control trials (effect size: 0.47). Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire scores were similar in the test and control groups in the active control trial. The minimally important difference range was between 22 and 39 points. Conclusions: The measure is longitudinally reliable, valid and responsive and can discriminate between treatments of different efficacy.