Richard Rowe | The University of Sheffield (original) (raw)
Papers by Richard Rowe
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, Jan 20, 2015
BackgroundLow income is a widely studied risk factor for child and adolescent behavioural difficu... more BackgroundLow income is a widely studied risk factor for child and adolescent behavioural difficulties. Previous research on this relationship has produced mixed findings.AimsTo investigate the level, shape and homogeneity of income gradients in different types of antisocial behaviour.MethodA representative sample of 7977 British children and adolescents, aged 5-16 years, was analysed. Hypotheses concerning the shapes and homogeneity of the relationships between family socioeconomic status and multiple antisocial behaviour outcomes, including clinical diagnoses of oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder and symptom subscales, such as irritability and hurtfulness, were tested by structural equation models.ResultsConsistent income gradients were demonstrated across all antisocial behaviours studied. Disorder prevalence and mean symptom counts decreased across income quintiles in a non-linear fashion.ConclusionsOur findings emphasise that income gradients are similar across dif...
Supportive Care in Cancer, 2015
Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, and continued smoking may compromise treatment efficacy ... more Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, and continued smoking may compromise treatment efficacy and quality of life (health-related quality of life (HRQoL)) in patients with advanced lung cancer. Our aims were to determine (i) preference for treatments which promote quality over length of life depending on smoking status, (ii) the relationship between HRQoL and smoking status at diagnosis (T1), after controlling for demographic and clinical variables, and (iii) changes in HRQoL 6 months after diagnosis (T2) depending on smoking status. Two hundred ninety-six patients with advanced lung cancer were given questionnaires to assess HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30), time-trade-off for life quality versus quantity (QQQ) and smoking history (current, former or never smoker) at diagnosis (T1) and 6 months later (T2). Medical data were extracted from case records. Questionnaires were returned by 202 (68.2 %) patients at T1 and 114 (53.3 %) at T2. Patients favoured treatments that would enhance quality of life over increased longevity. Those who continued smoking after diagnosis reported worse HRQoL than former smokers or those who never smoked. Smoking status was a significant independent predictor of coughing in T1 (worse in smokers) and cognitive functioning in T2 (better in never smokers). Smoking by patients with advanced lung cancer is associated with worse symptoms on diagnosis and poorer HRQoL for those who continue smoking. The results have implications to help staff explain the consequences of smoking to patients.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2014
Heterogeneity in the presentation, antecedents, prognosis and treatment response of antisocial be... more Heterogeneity in the presentation, antecedents, prognosis and treatment response of antisocial behaviour has long provided a challenge to developmental psychopathology researchers. As illustrated in the incisive Frick and colleagues' Annual Research Review, there is growing evidence that the presence of high callous-unemotional (CU) traits identifies a subgroup of antisocial young people with a particularly aggressive and pervasive form of disorder. Frick and colleagues extend their developmental psychopathology approach to CU traits by linking in theories of conscience development and considering evidence on the stability of CU traits. This commentary addresses these themes and the area more generally, considering (1) comparison of a CU specifier to alternative approaches to antisocial heterogeneity (2) high CU traits in the absence of antisocial behaviour and (3) aspects of the measurement of CU traits.
British journal of cancer, Jan 19, 2013
Sperm banking is recommended for all men diagnosed with cancer where treatment is associated with... more Sperm banking is recommended for all men diagnosed with cancer where treatment is associated with risk of long-term gonadatoxicity, to offer the opportunity of fatherhood and improved quality of life. However, uptake of sperm banking is lower than expected and little is known about why men refuse. Our aims were to determine: (i) demographic and medical variables associated with decisions about banking and (ii) differences in quality of life between bankers and non-bankers at diagnosis (Time 1 (T1)) and 1 year later (Time 2 (T2)). Questionnaires were completed by 91 men (response rate=86.67%) at T1 and 78 (85.71% response rate) at T2. In all, 44 (56.41%) banked sperm. They were younger and less likely to have children than non-bankers. In a subset of men who were not sure if they wanted children in the future (n=36), 24 banked sperm. Among this group, those who banked were younger, more satisfied with clinic appointments and less worried about the health of future children. At T2, th...
Journal of abnormal child psychology, 2003
Although reading difficulties show well-established overlaps with disruptive behavior disorders i... more Although reading difficulties show well-established overlaps with disruptive behavior disorders in childhood, much less is known about reading-disabled children's vulnerability to emotional difficulties. Using longitudinal data from 6 assessments of boys in the Pittsburgh Youth Study, we found robust links between severe, persistent reading problems and increased risk for depressed mood in a community sample of boys aged 7 and 10 years at initial assessment, though not in those who had already entered their teens. These associations could not be accounted for in terms of selected family risks or comorbid disruptive behaviors; instead, the pattern of the findings pointed to the existence of more direct causal processes whereby reading problems influence younger boys' risk of depressed mood.
ABSTRACT To examine the extent to which an areca nut habit is engaged in within the family and de... more ABSTRACT To examine the extent to which an areca nut habit is engaged in within the family and degree to which the habit may be used to suppress hunger amongst South Asian schoolchildren with a view to informing health promotion campaigns. Self-administered questionnaire. Two comprehensive schools (one mixed, one all girls) in the Tower Hamlets district of East London, UK. 341 (285 girls; 56 boys) children of self-reported South Asian origin (Bangladeshi 286, Pakistani 4, Asian, 51) who reported currently engaging in an areca nut habit. Areca nut habits were mainly used in a family context. Smaller proportions of children reported predominant use alone or with peers. A substantial minority reported using their habit to suppress hunger. The family plays a crucial role in maintaining areca nut use. This implies effective health promotion campaigns must operate at the family and even community levels rather than being targeted at the children directly.
An International Perspective, 2010
Psychology is a young science and there is great potential for researchers to advance the frontie... more Psychology is a young science and there is great potential for researchers to advance the frontiers of knowledge through quantitative research. Nevertheless, psychology students are often surprised by the centrality of research methods and statistics in their undergraduate training. Their ...
Journal of Sleep Research, 2015
Sleep paralysis is a relatively common but under-researched phenomenon. In this paper we examine ... more Sleep paralysis is a relatively common but under-researched phenomenon. In this paper we examine prevalence in a UK sample and associations with candidate risk factors. This is the first study to investigate the heritability of sleep paralysis in a twin sample and to explore genetic associations between sleep paralysis and a number of circadian expressed single nucleotide polymorphisms. Analyses are based on data from the Genesis1219 twin/sibling study, a community sample of twins/siblings from England and Wales. In total, data from 862 participants aged 22-32 years (34% male) were used in the study. This sample consisted of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and siblings. It was found that self-reports of general sleep quality, anxiety symptoms and exposure to threatening events were all associated independently with sleep paralysis. There was moderate genetic influence on sleep paralysis (53%). Polymorphisms in the PER2 gene were associated with sleep paralysis in additive and dominant models of inheritancealthough significance was not reached once a Bonferroni correction was applied. It is concluded that factors associated with disrupted sleep cycles appear to be associated with sleep paralysis. In this sample of young adults, sleep paralysis was moderately heritable. Future work should examine specific polymorphisms associated with differences in circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis further in association with sleep paralysis.
BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, 2014
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and smoking is the principal cause. Due to poor survival ra... more Lung cancer is the most common cancer and smoking is the principal cause. Due to poor survival rates, symptom palliation and promotion of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are primary outcomes for lung cancer patients. Given the established relationship between smoking and lung cancer, patients who have smoked may feel stigmatised or guilty after diagnosis, and more pessimistic about their illness and likely outcomes. This may have adverse implications for HRQoL. We explored HRQoL and support experiences among newly diagnosed patients with advanced lung cancer. Semistructured interviews were conducted with nine patients and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Patients described the physical, emotional and social impact of disease on HRQoL. Fear of compromising their immune system and adjusting to new relationship roles had a wide-ranging effect on patients' HRQoL. Patients acknowledged links between lung cancer and smoking but some continued to smoke. They were sensitive to the opinions of medical staff about smoking especially those who continued to smoke or recently quit. We conclude that staff should give clearer advice about the adverse implications of continued smoking. We discuss the potential value of diagnosis as a teachable moment for promoting smoking cessation among patients and family members.
PLOS Medicine, 2011
Background: Although important to public policy, there have been no rigorous evidence syntheses o... more Background: Although important to public policy, there have been no rigorous evidence syntheses of the long-term consequences of late adolescent drinking.
BMJ supportive & palliative care, 2012
Given poor survival rates for lung cancer, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is very importa... more Given poor survival rates for lung cancer, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is very important. Smoking is prevalent among those diagnosed with lung cancer, and continued smoking is associated with compromised HRQoL in other patient groups. A systematic review was conducted to determine: (i) differences in HRQoL between lung cancer patients who smoke compared with those who quit or never smoked and (ii) changes in HRQoL in patients who continue to smoke after diagnosis compared with those who quit or never smoked. Scopus, Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO and Web of Knowledge from January 1995 to June 2010 were searched. The included studies were assessed and given a score for quality. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies showed that lung cancer patients who smoked report impaired HRQoL compared with those who never smoked or had quit. Smokers reported significantly lower HRQoL than former smokers, who in turn reported lower HRQoL than never smokers. This finding rem...
Human fertility (Cambridge, England), 2014
Current policy in the UK recommends that men bank sperm prior to cancer treatment, but very few r... more Current policy in the UK recommends that men bank sperm prior to cancer treatment, but very few return to use it for reproductive purposes or agree to elective disposal even when their fertility recovers and their families are complete. We assessed the demographic, medical and psychological variables that influence the decision to dispose by contacting men (n = 499) who banked sperm more than five years previously, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their views on sperm banking, fertility and disposal. From 193 responses (38.7% response rate), 19 men (9.8%) requested disposal within four months of completing the questionnaire. Compared with men who wanted their sperm to remain in storage, they were significantly more confident that their fertility had recovered (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.05-3.03, p = 0.034), saw fertility monitoring (semen analysis) as less important (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39-0.94, p = 0.026), held more positive attitudes to disposal (OR = 5.71, 95% CI = 2....
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, Jan 20, 2015
BackgroundLow income is a widely studied risk factor for child and adolescent behavioural difficu... more BackgroundLow income is a widely studied risk factor for child and adolescent behavioural difficulties. Previous research on this relationship has produced mixed findings.AimsTo investigate the level, shape and homogeneity of income gradients in different types of antisocial behaviour.MethodA representative sample of 7977 British children and adolescents, aged 5-16 years, was analysed. Hypotheses concerning the shapes and homogeneity of the relationships between family socioeconomic status and multiple antisocial behaviour outcomes, including clinical diagnoses of oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder and symptom subscales, such as irritability and hurtfulness, were tested by structural equation models.ResultsConsistent income gradients were demonstrated across all antisocial behaviours studied. Disorder prevalence and mean symptom counts decreased across income quintiles in a non-linear fashion.ConclusionsOur findings emphasise that income gradients are similar across dif...
Supportive Care in Cancer, 2015
Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, and continued smoking may compromise treatment efficacy ... more Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, and continued smoking may compromise treatment efficacy and quality of life (health-related quality of life (HRQoL)) in patients with advanced lung cancer. Our aims were to determine (i) preference for treatments which promote quality over length of life depending on smoking status, (ii) the relationship between HRQoL and smoking status at diagnosis (T1), after controlling for demographic and clinical variables, and (iii) changes in HRQoL 6 months after diagnosis (T2) depending on smoking status. Two hundred ninety-six patients with advanced lung cancer were given questionnaires to assess HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30), time-trade-off for life quality versus quantity (QQQ) and smoking history (current, former or never smoker) at diagnosis (T1) and 6 months later (T2). Medical data were extracted from case records. Questionnaires were returned by 202 (68.2 %) patients at T1 and 114 (53.3 %) at T2. Patients favoured treatments that would enhance quality of life over increased longevity. Those who continued smoking after diagnosis reported worse HRQoL than former smokers or those who never smoked. Smoking status was a significant independent predictor of coughing in T1 (worse in smokers) and cognitive functioning in T2 (better in never smokers). Smoking by patients with advanced lung cancer is associated with worse symptoms on diagnosis and poorer HRQoL for those who continue smoking. The results have implications to help staff explain the consequences of smoking to patients.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2014
Heterogeneity in the presentation, antecedents, prognosis and treatment response of antisocial be... more Heterogeneity in the presentation, antecedents, prognosis and treatment response of antisocial behaviour has long provided a challenge to developmental psychopathology researchers. As illustrated in the incisive Frick and colleagues' Annual Research Review, there is growing evidence that the presence of high callous-unemotional (CU) traits identifies a subgroup of antisocial young people with a particularly aggressive and pervasive form of disorder. Frick and colleagues extend their developmental psychopathology approach to CU traits by linking in theories of conscience development and considering evidence on the stability of CU traits. This commentary addresses these themes and the area more generally, considering (1) comparison of a CU specifier to alternative approaches to antisocial heterogeneity (2) high CU traits in the absence of antisocial behaviour and (3) aspects of the measurement of CU traits.
British journal of cancer, Jan 19, 2013
Sperm banking is recommended for all men diagnosed with cancer where treatment is associated with... more Sperm banking is recommended for all men diagnosed with cancer where treatment is associated with risk of long-term gonadatoxicity, to offer the opportunity of fatherhood and improved quality of life. However, uptake of sperm banking is lower than expected and little is known about why men refuse. Our aims were to determine: (i) demographic and medical variables associated with decisions about banking and (ii) differences in quality of life between bankers and non-bankers at diagnosis (Time 1 (T1)) and 1 year later (Time 2 (T2)). Questionnaires were completed by 91 men (response rate=86.67%) at T1 and 78 (85.71% response rate) at T2. In all, 44 (56.41%) banked sperm. They were younger and less likely to have children than non-bankers. In a subset of men who were not sure if they wanted children in the future (n=36), 24 banked sperm. Among this group, those who banked were younger, more satisfied with clinic appointments and less worried about the health of future children. At T2, th...
Journal of abnormal child psychology, 2003
Although reading difficulties show well-established overlaps with disruptive behavior disorders i... more Although reading difficulties show well-established overlaps with disruptive behavior disorders in childhood, much less is known about reading-disabled children's vulnerability to emotional difficulties. Using longitudinal data from 6 assessments of boys in the Pittsburgh Youth Study, we found robust links between severe, persistent reading problems and increased risk for depressed mood in a community sample of boys aged 7 and 10 years at initial assessment, though not in those who had already entered their teens. These associations could not be accounted for in terms of selected family risks or comorbid disruptive behaviors; instead, the pattern of the findings pointed to the existence of more direct causal processes whereby reading problems influence younger boys' risk of depressed mood.
ABSTRACT To examine the extent to which an areca nut habit is engaged in within the family and de... more ABSTRACT To examine the extent to which an areca nut habit is engaged in within the family and degree to which the habit may be used to suppress hunger amongst South Asian schoolchildren with a view to informing health promotion campaigns. Self-administered questionnaire. Two comprehensive schools (one mixed, one all girls) in the Tower Hamlets district of East London, UK. 341 (285 girls; 56 boys) children of self-reported South Asian origin (Bangladeshi 286, Pakistani 4, Asian, 51) who reported currently engaging in an areca nut habit. Areca nut habits were mainly used in a family context. Smaller proportions of children reported predominant use alone or with peers. A substantial minority reported using their habit to suppress hunger. The family plays a crucial role in maintaining areca nut use. This implies effective health promotion campaigns must operate at the family and even community levels rather than being targeted at the children directly.
An International Perspective, 2010
Psychology is a young science and there is great potential for researchers to advance the frontie... more Psychology is a young science and there is great potential for researchers to advance the frontiers of knowledge through quantitative research. Nevertheless, psychology students are often surprised by the centrality of research methods and statistics in their undergraduate training. Their ...
Journal of Sleep Research, 2015
Sleep paralysis is a relatively common but under-researched phenomenon. In this paper we examine ... more Sleep paralysis is a relatively common but under-researched phenomenon. In this paper we examine prevalence in a UK sample and associations with candidate risk factors. This is the first study to investigate the heritability of sleep paralysis in a twin sample and to explore genetic associations between sleep paralysis and a number of circadian expressed single nucleotide polymorphisms. Analyses are based on data from the Genesis1219 twin/sibling study, a community sample of twins/siblings from England and Wales. In total, data from 862 participants aged 22-32 years (34% male) were used in the study. This sample consisted of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and siblings. It was found that self-reports of general sleep quality, anxiety symptoms and exposure to threatening events were all associated independently with sleep paralysis. There was moderate genetic influence on sleep paralysis (53%). Polymorphisms in the PER2 gene were associated with sleep paralysis in additive and dominant models of inheritancealthough significance was not reached once a Bonferroni correction was applied. It is concluded that factors associated with disrupted sleep cycles appear to be associated with sleep paralysis. In this sample of young adults, sleep paralysis was moderately heritable. Future work should examine specific polymorphisms associated with differences in circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis further in association with sleep paralysis.
BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, 2014
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and smoking is the principal cause. Due to poor survival ra... more Lung cancer is the most common cancer and smoking is the principal cause. Due to poor survival rates, symptom palliation and promotion of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are primary outcomes for lung cancer patients. Given the established relationship between smoking and lung cancer, patients who have smoked may feel stigmatised or guilty after diagnosis, and more pessimistic about their illness and likely outcomes. This may have adverse implications for HRQoL. We explored HRQoL and support experiences among newly diagnosed patients with advanced lung cancer. Semistructured interviews were conducted with nine patients and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Patients described the physical, emotional and social impact of disease on HRQoL. Fear of compromising their immune system and adjusting to new relationship roles had a wide-ranging effect on patients' HRQoL. Patients acknowledged links between lung cancer and smoking but some continued to smoke. They were sensitive to the opinions of medical staff about smoking especially those who continued to smoke or recently quit. We conclude that staff should give clearer advice about the adverse implications of continued smoking. We discuss the potential value of diagnosis as a teachable moment for promoting smoking cessation among patients and family members.
PLOS Medicine, 2011
Background: Although important to public policy, there have been no rigorous evidence syntheses o... more Background: Although important to public policy, there have been no rigorous evidence syntheses of the long-term consequences of late adolescent drinking.
BMJ supportive & palliative care, 2012
Given poor survival rates for lung cancer, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is very importa... more Given poor survival rates for lung cancer, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is very important. Smoking is prevalent among those diagnosed with lung cancer, and continued smoking is associated with compromised HRQoL in other patient groups. A systematic review was conducted to determine: (i) differences in HRQoL between lung cancer patients who smoke compared with those who quit or never smoked and (ii) changes in HRQoL in patients who continue to smoke after diagnosis compared with those who quit or never smoked. Scopus, Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO and Web of Knowledge from January 1995 to June 2010 were searched. The included studies were assessed and given a score for quality. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies showed that lung cancer patients who smoked report impaired HRQoL compared with those who never smoked or had quit. Smokers reported significantly lower HRQoL than former smokers, who in turn reported lower HRQoL than never smokers. This finding rem...
Human fertility (Cambridge, England), 2014
Current policy in the UK recommends that men bank sperm prior to cancer treatment, but very few r... more Current policy in the UK recommends that men bank sperm prior to cancer treatment, but very few return to use it for reproductive purposes or agree to elective disposal even when their fertility recovers and their families are complete. We assessed the demographic, medical and psychological variables that influence the decision to dispose by contacting men (n = 499) who banked sperm more than five years previously, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their views on sperm banking, fertility and disposal. From 193 responses (38.7% response rate), 19 men (9.8%) requested disposal within four months of completing the questionnaire. Compared with men who wanted their sperm to remain in storage, they were significantly more confident that their fertility had recovered (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.05-3.03, p = 0.034), saw fertility monitoring (semen analysis) as less important (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39-0.94, p = 0.026), held more positive attitudes to disposal (OR = 5.71, 95% CI = 2....