Mukesh Kumar | Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences - Deemed University (original) (raw)

Papers by Mukesh Kumar

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of paradoxical cerebral echo contrast embolization by transcranial Doppler ultrasound

Contrast echocardiography has been shown to be a sensitive method for detecting patent foramen ov... more Contrast echocardiography has been shown to be a sensitive method for detecting patent foramen ovale in embolic stroke, implying paradoxical embolization. However, not all twodimensional echocardiographic studies are of diagnostic quality, and direct evidence for paradoxical cerebral embolization remains lacking. We addressed these problems by simultaneously using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and contrast echocardiography to compare relative sensitivity and concordance in the detection of right-to-left vascular shunting. Forty-six patients with stroke, transient neurologic defect, or question of atrial septal defect underwent study at rest and during Valsalva strain. Two-dimensional echocardiography detected shunting in 26% at rest and 15% during Valsalva strain, whereas transcranial Doppler study returned rates of 41% and 41%, respectively. Concordance was 82% and 75%, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of INTSERVQUAL – an internal adaptation of the GAP model in a large service organisation

Journal of Services Marketing, 2000

Explores the extent to which the construct service quality plays in an internal marketing setting... more Explores the extent to which the construct service quality plays in an internal marketing setting. A conceptual model known as the “Internal Service Quality Model” was designed based on the original “GAP Model” developed by Parasuraman. The model evaluated the dimensions, and their relationships, that determine service quality among internal customers (front-line staff) and internal suppliers (support staff) within a

Research paper thumbnail of Intranasal Gene Transfer by Chitosan-DNA Nanospheres Protects BALB/c Mice Against Acute Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Human Gene Therapy, 2002

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is often associated in infancy with life-threatening ... more Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is often associated in infancy with life-threatening bronchiolitis, which is also a major risk factor for the development of asthma. At present, no effective prophylaxis is available against RSV infection. Herein, we describe an effective prophylactic intranasal gene transfer strategy utilizing chitosan-DNA nanospheres (IGT), containing a cocktail of plasmid DNAs encoding all RSV antigens, except L. A single administration of IGT (25 microg/mouse) induces expression of the mRNA and proteins of all antigens in the lung and results in a significant reduction of viral titers and viral antigen load after acute RSV infection of these mice. IGT-administered mice show no significant change in airway reactivity to methacholine and no apparent pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, IGT results in significant induction of RSV-specific IgG antibodies, nasal IgA antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and interferon-gamma production in the lung and splenocytes compared with controls. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of IGT against acute RSV infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Blocking Intercellular Adhesion Molecule1 on Human Epithelial Cells Decreases Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2001

Binding studies using ELISA indicate that RSV binds to ICAM-1, which can be inhibited by an antib... more Binding studies using ELISA indicate that RSV binds to ICAM-1, which can be inhibited by an antibody to the fusion F protein and also the recombinant F protein can bind to soluble ICAM-1, suggesting that RSV interaction with ICAM-1 involves the F protein. It is thus concluded that ICAM-1 facilitates RSV entry and infection of human epithelial cells by binding to its F protein, which is important to viral replication and infection and may lend itself as a therapeutic target.

Research paper thumbnail of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induces the Expression of 5Lipoxygenase and Endothelin1 in Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1998

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes and exacerbates asthma, yet the mechanism by w... more Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes and exacerbates asthma, yet the mechanism by which RSV triggers asthma is poorly understood. Herein, an in vitro model of RSV infection was established using HEp-2 and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cell lines, and the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) was examined. RSV infection increased the expression of 5-LO mRNA and protein in both cell lines, as detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The levels of leukotrienes also increased in the supernatants of RSV infected cells. Furthermore, RSV infection increased the expression of ET-1 mRNA and protein following RSV infection in a time-dependent manner. It is concluded that RSV infection upregulates the expression of ET-1 and 5-LO in the epithelial cells leading to the production of leukotrienes, which may mediate the consequent exacerbation of asthma.

Research paper thumbnail of Intranasal IFN-γ gene transfer protects BALB/c mice against respiratory syncytial virus infection

Vaccine, 1999

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in infants, young children and ... more Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in infants, young children and the elderly and causes severe bronchiolitis and asthma. In an eort to develop a preventive IFN-g therapy against RSV infection, an intranasal gene transfer strategy was utilized. Intranasal administration of a plasmid expressing the IFN-g cDNA (pIFN-g) resulted in the expression of IFN-g in murine lungs and decreased RSV replication. The mice administered with pIFN-g and then infected with RSV exhibited a signi®cant decrease in broncho-alveolar lavage lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. A signi®cant reduction in epithelial cell damage, in®ltration of mononuclear cells in the peribronchiolar and perivascular regions, and thickening of the septa was observed in the lungs of mice treated with pIFN-g when compared to controls. These results suggest that intranasal IFN-g gene transfer results in decreased RSV replication and pulmonary in¯ammation and may be useful against RSV infection. #

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Analysis of various Adaptive Filtering Algorithms for Adaptive System Identification

System identification is one of the most interesting applications for adaptive filters, for this ... more System identification is one of the most interesting applications for adaptive filters, for this dissertation provides a comparison of LMS, VSSLMS,NLMS and TDLMS adaptive algorithms. This process provided the best suitable algorithm for usage in adaptive filters for system identification. This technique Based on the error signal, where filter's coefficients are updated and corrected, in order to adapt, so the output signal has the same values as the reference signal. Its applications include echo cancellation, channel equalization, interference cancellation, and so forth. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the standard NLMS and TDLMS algorithms in both convergence rate and steady-state performance for sparse systems identification.

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of paradoxical cerebral echo contrast embolization by transcranial Doppler ultrasound

Contrast echocardiography has been shown to be a sensitive method for detecting patent foramen ov... more Contrast echocardiography has been shown to be a sensitive method for detecting patent foramen ovale in embolic stroke, implying paradoxical embolization. However, not all twodimensional echocardiographic studies are of diagnostic quality, and direct evidence for paradoxical cerebral embolization remains lacking. We addressed these problems by simultaneously using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and contrast echocardiography to compare relative sensitivity and concordance in the detection of right-to-left vascular shunting. Forty-six patients with stroke, transient neurologic defect, or question of atrial septal defect underwent study at rest and during Valsalva strain. Two-dimensional echocardiography detected shunting in 26% at rest and 15% during Valsalva strain, whereas transcranial Doppler study returned rates of 41% and 41%, respectively. Concordance was 82% and 75%, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of INTSERVQUAL – an internal adaptation of the GAP model in a large service organisation

Journal of Services Marketing, 2000

Explores the extent to which the construct service quality plays in an internal marketing setting... more Explores the extent to which the construct service quality plays in an internal marketing setting. A conceptual model known as the “Internal Service Quality Model” was designed based on the original “GAP Model” developed by Parasuraman. The model evaluated the dimensions, and their relationships, that determine service quality among internal customers (front-line staff) and internal suppliers (support staff) within a

Research paper thumbnail of Intranasal Gene Transfer by Chitosan-DNA Nanospheres Protects BALB/c Mice Against Acute Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Human Gene Therapy, 2002

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is often associated in infancy with life-threatening ... more Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is often associated in infancy with life-threatening bronchiolitis, which is also a major risk factor for the development of asthma. At present, no effective prophylaxis is available against RSV infection. Herein, we describe an effective prophylactic intranasal gene transfer strategy utilizing chitosan-DNA nanospheres (IGT), containing a cocktail of plasmid DNAs encoding all RSV antigens, except L. A single administration of IGT (25 microg/mouse) induces expression of the mRNA and proteins of all antigens in the lung and results in a significant reduction of viral titers and viral antigen load after acute RSV infection of these mice. IGT-administered mice show no significant change in airway reactivity to methacholine and no apparent pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, IGT results in significant induction of RSV-specific IgG antibodies, nasal IgA antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and interferon-gamma production in the lung and splenocytes compared with controls. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of IGT against acute RSV infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Blocking Intercellular Adhesion Molecule1 on Human Epithelial Cells Decreases Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2001

Binding studies using ELISA indicate that RSV binds to ICAM-1, which can be inhibited by an antib... more Binding studies using ELISA indicate that RSV binds to ICAM-1, which can be inhibited by an antibody to the fusion F protein and also the recombinant F protein can bind to soluble ICAM-1, suggesting that RSV interaction with ICAM-1 involves the F protein. It is thus concluded that ICAM-1 facilitates RSV entry and infection of human epithelial cells by binding to its F protein, which is important to viral replication and infection and may lend itself as a therapeutic target.

Research paper thumbnail of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induces the Expression of 5Lipoxygenase and Endothelin1 in Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1998

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes and exacerbates asthma, yet the mechanism by w... more Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes and exacerbates asthma, yet the mechanism by which RSV triggers asthma is poorly understood. Herein, an in vitro model of RSV infection was established using HEp-2 and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cell lines, and the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) was examined. RSV infection increased the expression of 5-LO mRNA and protein in both cell lines, as detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The levels of leukotrienes also increased in the supernatants of RSV infected cells. Furthermore, RSV infection increased the expression of ET-1 mRNA and protein following RSV infection in a time-dependent manner. It is concluded that RSV infection upregulates the expression of ET-1 and 5-LO in the epithelial cells leading to the production of leukotrienes, which may mediate the consequent exacerbation of asthma.

Research paper thumbnail of Intranasal IFN-γ gene transfer protects BALB/c mice against respiratory syncytial virus infection

Vaccine, 1999

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in infants, young children and ... more Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in infants, young children and the elderly and causes severe bronchiolitis and asthma. In an eort to develop a preventive IFN-g therapy against RSV infection, an intranasal gene transfer strategy was utilized. Intranasal administration of a plasmid expressing the IFN-g cDNA (pIFN-g) resulted in the expression of IFN-g in murine lungs and decreased RSV replication. The mice administered with pIFN-g and then infected with RSV exhibited a signi®cant decrease in broncho-alveolar lavage lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. A signi®cant reduction in epithelial cell damage, in®ltration of mononuclear cells in the peribronchiolar and perivascular regions, and thickening of the septa was observed in the lungs of mice treated with pIFN-g when compared to controls. These results suggest that intranasal IFN-g gene transfer results in decreased RSV replication and pulmonary in¯ammation and may be useful against RSV infection. #

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Analysis of various Adaptive Filtering Algorithms for Adaptive System Identification

System identification is one of the most interesting applications for adaptive filters, for this ... more System identification is one of the most interesting applications for adaptive filters, for this dissertation provides a comparison of LMS, VSSLMS,NLMS and TDLMS adaptive algorithms. This process provided the best suitable algorithm for usage in adaptive filters for system identification. This technique Based on the error signal, where filter's coefficients are updated and corrected, in order to adapt, so the output signal has the same values as the reference signal. Its applications include echo cancellation, channel equalization, interference cancellation, and so forth. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the standard NLMS and TDLMS algorithms in both convergence rate and steady-state performance for sparse systems identification.