Kouichi Nozaki | Shinshu University (original) (raw)
Papers by Kouichi Nozaki
Journal of applied glycoscience, 1998
Journal of applied glycoscience, 2010
![Research paper thumbnail of [Review: Symposium on Applied Glycoscience] Unique CBM1 of Xylanase Strongly Adsorbed on Cellulose from White rot Fungus, Irpex lacteus](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98481083/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Bulletin of Applied Glycoscience, 2014
![Research paper thumbnail of [Review: Prize-awarded article] Functional Study on Biomass Degradation Enzymes from Basidiomycetes](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98481082/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Bulletin of Applied Glycoscience, 2013
Genome sequencing and analysis of the biomass degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei (syn.
![Research paper thumbnail of [Review: Symposium on Applied Glycoscience] Function of β-Glucosidases in Cellulase Induction of <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98481080/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Bulletin of Applied Glycoscience, 2016
Function of -Glucosidases in Cellulase Induction of Trichoderma reesei Trichoderma reesei
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2003
The major protein associated with starch granules from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L .) seeds... more The major protein associated with starch granules from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L .) seeds is a granule-bound starch synthase I (designated PvGBSSI) with the molecular mass of 60 kDa. To analyze the nature of native granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) enzyme , not the enzymes solubilized from starch granules, a study was undertaken to identify the GBSSI sequence expressed during seed development and to characterize the enzymatic properties of the coded recombinant enzyme. A cDNA clone (designated pvgbssl) was isolated from a cDNA library of kidney bean immature seeds. The predicted primary sequence of mature PvGBSSI displayed significant identity (66-81 %) to those of other GBSSI members. Analyses of Northern blot and starch granule proteins revealed that both transcript and protein for PvGBSSI showed maximum levels at the late to mature stages of seed maturation. To investigate enzymatic properties, recombinant PvGBSSI (rPvGBSSI) was purified from Escherichia coil as a single band of protein on SDS-polyacrylamide gel by one-step column chromatography. The activity of rPvGBSSI was stimulated 1 .7-fold in the presence of 0 .25 M citrate. The affinity for amylopectin with 0 .25 M citrate was much higher than for that without citrate , while the maxim um velocities were constant with or without citrate .
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, Jan 5, 2016
Ten putative Trichoderma reesei β-glucosidase (BGL) isozymes were heterologously expressed in Esc... more Ten putative Trichoderma reesei β-glucosidase (BGL) isozymes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and Aspergillus oryzae and purified to homogeneity. Catalytic properties of nine enzymes which showed hydrolytic activity on cellobiose and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) were investigated. Three BGLs, encoded by the genes cel3A, cel3B, and cel3E, contained a predicted signal peptide, showed higher hydrolytic activity on cello-oligosaccharides than on pNPG, and preferred longer oligosaccharides. Another three putative extracellular BGLs, Cel3B, Cel3F, and Cel3G, and two intracellular enzymes, Cel3C and Cel3D, exhibited preference for pNPG. Intracellular Cel1A showed the highest affinity for cellobiose as a typical cellobiase. Four BGLs, Cel3A, Cel3B, Cel3E, Cel1A, that showed high activity against cello-oligosaccharides were capable of catalyzing transglycosylation reactions from cellobiose, leading to formation of cellotriose and isomeric glucobioses. While Cel3A...
Heterogeneity of the morphology of growing starch granules at the developing seeds of kidney bean... more Heterogeneity of the morphology of growing starch granules at the developing seeds of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2005
Effect of Culture Medium Components on Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes and Characteristics of... more Effect of Culture Medium Components on Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes and Characteristics of Fruit Body
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2006
Recovery of soluble sugars from waste medium for Enokitake mushroom cultivation was investigated ... more Recovery of soluble sugars from waste medium for Enokitake mushroom cultivation was investigated using a hydrothermal reaction and enzyme treatment. The most suitable conditions for solubilization of hemicellulose fraction in the waste medium were found in the treatment with compressed hot water at 190 C, 1.8 MPa for 10 min. Under these conditions, a series of xylooligosaccharides from xylose to oligosaccharides with DP over 20 were detected in the soluble fraction. However, the yield of xylooligosaccharides decreased with an increase of the treatment temperature to over 190 C. The hydrothermal reaction at 190 C enhanced enzymatic digestibility and half of the residue was solubilized by cellulases, which was about eight times greater than enzymatic digestibility of non-treated medium. The combination of hydrothermal reaction and enzyme treatment made it possible to solubilize about 80% of waste medium, and about 20% of original waste medium remained, which was less than the sum of lignin and ash content.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2004
Morphology changes in bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC23769 were ob serve... more Morphology changes in bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC23769 were ob served in the presence of /3-glucodisaccharides such as gentiobiose and cellobiose. Endo-/3-1,4-glucanase ac tivity in culture broth was higher than that in the absence of those sugars. So we have investigated the prop erties of endo-/3-1,4-glucanase (AEG) produced by this bacterium. This enzyme could hydrolyze water-soluble cellulose such as CMC, hydroxyethyl cellulose and cellodextrin, and decreased the viscosity of the substrate solution. On the other hand, AEG could not produce any soluble sugars from water-insoluble cellulose such as Avicel and bacterial cellulose. These properties were completely different from endo-glucanase from fungi. AEG hydrolyzed cellohexaose and produced cellobiose, cellotriose and cellotetraose, but in the presence of bacterial cellulose, the soluble sugars produced from cellohexaose disappeared in the reaction mixture. It is suggested that AEG might have transglycosyl activity, though it belongs to glycosidase family 8. It is proposed that this activity is closely related to cellulose synthesis.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2002
FIBER, 2005
Cotton fabrics modified by carboxymethylation to the degree of substitution (DS) of 0.02~0.16 wer... more Cotton fabrics modified by carboxymethylation to the degree of substitution (DS) of 0.02~0.16 were separated into the salt-type CM-Cotton-Na with more water swelling and the acid-type CM-Cotton-H with less water swelling. The two types of cotton fabrics were treated with a commercially available cellulase product. For CM-Cotton-Na and CM-Cotton-H, the weight loss and the saccharification activities of the cellulase decreased with DS of 0.10 or less. The modification by carboxymethylation for cotton fabrics inhibited apparently the catalytic reaction of the cellulase. For CM-Cotton-Na and CM-Cotton-H, the cellulase showed the minimum value of the weight loss activity at DS of 0.10 and that of the saccharification activity at DS of 0.14. For CM-Cotton-Na, the cellulase exhibited larger value of the weight loss activity and smaller value of the saccharification activity at DS of 0.16 compared to the unmodified cotton fabric. We discussed that the endo-type cellulase attacked positively to CM-Cotton-Na with DS of 0.10 or more because of its more water swelling, but attacked negatively to CM-Cotton-H because of its less water swelling. On the other hand, the exo-type cellulase was inhibited to attack the modified cotton fabrics with DS of 0.10 or more.
FIBER, 2005
In our previous paper, cotton fabrics which had been modified by carboxymethylation so as to have... more In our previous paper, cotton fabrics which had been modified by carboxymethylation so as to have the degree of substitution of 0.02~0.16 were treated with a commercial cellulase preparation. The modification by carboxymethylation for cotton fabrics apparently inhibited weight loss activity and saccharification activity of cellulase. In this study, by scanning electron microscopy, we observed morphological changes of fiber surface of modified cotton fabrics treated with a commercial cellulase preparation. For unmodified cotton fabrics, deep bias cracks were produced and clear fibrillar layers appeared on the fiber surface by synergistic reaction of cellulase components. On the other hand, for cotton fabrics modified by carboxymethylation, we observed inhibition of catalytic reaction of some cellulase components, as a result of no deep cracks and no appearance of fibril layers on fibers. In addition, we confirmed, by measurements of FT-IR spectra and K/S values of fabrics dyed with a basic dye, that carboxymethyl groups in modified cotton fabrics remained even after treatment with cellulase. From these results, it is suggested that the change in the activity of each cellulase component on modified cotton can affect the synergistic action of cellulases, and consequently the morphology of fiber surface of modified cotton changes compared with unmodified cotton.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2005
Acetobacter xylinum has been used for many years as a model system for the study of cellulose bio... more Acetobacter xylinum has been used for many years as a model system for the study of cellulose biosynthesis. Interestingly, in addition to cellulose biosynthesis, this bacterium has also produced cellulolytic enzymes. 1) However, the relation between the two products has not been made clear. Furthermore, it is reported that some strains of Acetobacter have accumulated a water soluble polysaccharide called acetan, 2) which has a similar structure to xanthan. 3,4) Cellulose is an insoluble 1,4 glucan, but acetan is a soluble sugar, which has the same backbone as cellulose. Furthermore it has attached side chain composed of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose and the composition of those sugars is 4:1:1:1 (glucose:mannose: glucuronic acid : rhamnose). It was reported that Acetobacter acetigenum produced various carbohydrates, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose and fructose growing in a defined medium containing glucose. 5) Valla et al. 6) have shown a new extracellular polysaccharide from a cellulose negative strain of A. xylinum ATCC10245. In that report they showed that the polysaccharide contains glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio approximating 3:1:1:1. Partial acid hydrolysis results in release of glucose, rhamnose, and a disaccharide consisting of two glucose units. They speculated that this disaccharide might be gentiobiose, but the origin of these sugars has not been clarified. We also detected gentiobiose and various cello oligosaccharides in the culture broth of A. xylinum. In this paper we discuss what has been the real origin of various cello oligosaccharides synthesized during culture. First, the sugars produced in the Hestrin and Schramm (SH) 7) medium during the static culture of A. xylinum
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2004
u.ac.jp) Abbreviations: G1(Glc) G4, D glucose cellotetraose; pNPG1 pNPG3, p nitrophenyl D glucosi... more u.ac.jp) Abbreviations: G1(Glc) G4, D glucose cellotetraose; pNPG1 pNPG3, p nitrophenyl D glucoside p nitrophenyl D cellotrioside.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2007
The water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide produced by Asaia bogorensis, an acetic acid bacte... more The water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide produced by Asaia bogorensis, an acetic acid bacterium, was investigated. It was suggested that the water-soluble polysaccharide seemed to be a fructan as only fructose was detected as a constituent sugar when it was hydrolyzed by trifluoroacetic acid. To confirm the glycosidic linkage of the fructan, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and 13 C NMR spectroscopy were carried out. From these results, Asaia fructan was identified as levan, which is a β-2,6 linked fructan, similar to the polysaccharide produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus. This β-2,6-linked levan-type fructan was produced only when sucrose was used as a carbon source.
Mycoscience, 2003
Analysis of isozymes was carried out against wild and cultivated commercial stocks of Flammulina ... more Analysis of isozymes was carried out against wild and cultivated commercial stocks of Flammulina velutipes to analyze their genetic differences. Esterase isozymes from F. velutipes showed many bands and variations among the different stocks on the gel. The stocks of F. velutipes in Japan were largely classified into three groups (tentatively named groups A, B, and C) according to the cluster analysis of esterase isozymes. Some characteristics of the three groups were examined. Group C was characterized by a larger spore size, slower spawn running, and a paler pileus color than groups A and B. Furthermore, group B showed a smaller spore size, slower spawn running, and paler pileus color than group A.
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013
Beet fiber is a fibrous by-product of the beet sugar industry. Efficient production of arabinooli... more Beet fiber is a fibrous by-product of the beet sugar industry. Efficient production of arabinooligosaccharides (AOs) and feruloylated arabino-oligosaccharides (FA-AOs), which are AOs esterified with ferulic acid, from beet fiber was investigated. Under hydrothermal conditions at a reaction temperature from 160 • C to 180 • C for a reaction time of 5-15 min, solubilization of the beet fiber occurred in the range of 58-63 wt%. In the soluble fraction, galactose and arabinose as well as their oligomers have been detected. It is notable that various characteristic glycosides, which consist of ferulic acid and AOs or galacto-oligosaccharides (GOs), were obtained from the arabinan or galactan side chains of the pectin present in the beet fiber. The total yield of AOs and FA-AOs reached 84% at 160 • C for 12 min, which was determined as arabinose units contained in the beet fiber. Almost all the ferulic acid present in the beet fiber was recovered as ferulate esters of oligosaccharides such as AOs or GOs via hydrothermal treatment.
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2008
Journal of applied glycoscience, 1998
Journal of applied glycoscience, 2010
Bulletin of Applied Glycoscience, 2014
Bulletin of Applied Glycoscience, 2013
Genome sequencing and analysis of the biomass degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei (syn.
Bulletin of Applied Glycoscience, 2016
Function of -Glucosidases in Cellulase Induction of Trichoderma reesei Trichoderma reesei
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2003
The major protein associated with starch granules from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L .) seeds... more The major protein associated with starch granules from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L .) seeds is a granule-bound starch synthase I (designated PvGBSSI) with the molecular mass of 60 kDa. To analyze the nature of native granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) enzyme , not the enzymes solubilized from starch granules, a study was undertaken to identify the GBSSI sequence expressed during seed development and to characterize the enzymatic properties of the coded recombinant enzyme. A cDNA clone (designated pvgbssl) was isolated from a cDNA library of kidney bean immature seeds. The predicted primary sequence of mature PvGBSSI displayed significant identity (66-81 %) to those of other GBSSI members. Analyses of Northern blot and starch granule proteins revealed that both transcript and protein for PvGBSSI showed maximum levels at the late to mature stages of seed maturation. To investigate enzymatic properties, recombinant PvGBSSI (rPvGBSSI) was purified from Escherichia coil as a single band of protein on SDS-polyacrylamide gel by one-step column chromatography. The activity of rPvGBSSI was stimulated 1 .7-fold in the presence of 0 .25 M citrate. The affinity for amylopectin with 0 .25 M citrate was much higher than for that without citrate , while the maxim um velocities were constant with or without citrate .
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, Jan 5, 2016
Ten putative Trichoderma reesei β-glucosidase (BGL) isozymes were heterologously expressed in Esc... more Ten putative Trichoderma reesei β-glucosidase (BGL) isozymes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and Aspergillus oryzae and purified to homogeneity. Catalytic properties of nine enzymes which showed hydrolytic activity on cellobiose and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) were investigated. Three BGLs, encoded by the genes cel3A, cel3B, and cel3E, contained a predicted signal peptide, showed higher hydrolytic activity on cello-oligosaccharides than on pNPG, and preferred longer oligosaccharides. Another three putative extracellular BGLs, Cel3B, Cel3F, and Cel3G, and two intracellular enzymes, Cel3C and Cel3D, exhibited preference for pNPG. Intracellular Cel1A showed the highest affinity for cellobiose as a typical cellobiase. Four BGLs, Cel3A, Cel3B, Cel3E, Cel1A, that showed high activity against cello-oligosaccharides were capable of catalyzing transglycosylation reactions from cellobiose, leading to formation of cellotriose and isomeric glucobioses. While Cel3A...
Heterogeneity of the morphology of growing starch granules at the developing seeds of kidney bean... more Heterogeneity of the morphology of growing starch granules at the developing seeds of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2005
Effect of Culture Medium Components on Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes and Characteristics of... more Effect of Culture Medium Components on Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes and Characteristics of Fruit Body
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2006
Recovery of soluble sugars from waste medium for Enokitake mushroom cultivation was investigated ... more Recovery of soluble sugars from waste medium for Enokitake mushroom cultivation was investigated using a hydrothermal reaction and enzyme treatment. The most suitable conditions for solubilization of hemicellulose fraction in the waste medium were found in the treatment with compressed hot water at 190 C, 1.8 MPa for 10 min. Under these conditions, a series of xylooligosaccharides from xylose to oligosaccharides with DP over 20 were detected in the soluble fraction. However, the yield of xylooligosaccharides decreased with an increase of the treatment temperature to over 190 C. The hydrothermal reaction at 190 C enhanced enzymatic digestibility and half of the residue was solubilized by cellulases, which was about eight times greater than enzymatic digestibility of non-treated medium. The combination of hydrothermal reaction and enzyme treatment made it possible to solubilize about 80% of waste medium, and about 20% of original waste medium remained, which was less than the sum of lignin and ash content.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2004
Morphology changes in bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC23769 were ob serve... more Morphology changes in bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC23769 were ob served in the presence of /3-glucodisaccharides such as gentiobiose and cellobiose. Endo-/3-1,4-glucanase ac tivity in culture broth was higher than that in the absence of those sugars. So we have investigated the prop erties of endo-/3-1,4-glucanase (AEG) produced by this bacterium. This enzyme could hydrolyze water-soluble cellulose such as CMC, hydroxyethyl cellulose and cellodextrin, and decreased the viscosity of the substrate solution. On the other hand, AEG could not produce any soluble sugars from water-insoluble cellulose such as Avicel and bacterial cellulose. These properties were completely different from endo-glucanase from fungi. AEG hydrolyzed cellohexaose and produced cellobiose, cellotriose and cellotetraose, but in the presence of bacterial cellulose, the soluble sugars produced from cellohexaose disappeared in the reaction mixture. It is suggested that AEG might have transglycosyl activity, though it belongs to glycosidase family 8. It is proposed that this activity is closely related to cellulose synthesis.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2002
FIBER, 2005
Cotton fabrics modified by carboxymethylation to the degree of substitution (DS) of 0.02~0.16 wer... more Cotton fabrics modified by carboxymethylation to the degree of substitution (DS) of 0.02~0.16 were separated into the salt-type CM-Cotton-Na with more water swelling and the acid-type CM-Cotton-H with less water swelling. The two types of cotton fabrics were treated with a commercially available cellulase product. For CM-Cotton-Na and CM-Cotton-H, the weight loss and the saccharification activities of the cellulase decreased with DS of 0.10 or less. The modification by carboxymethylation for cotton fabrics inhibited apparently the catalytic reaction of the cellulase. For CM-Cotton-Na and CM-Cotton-H, the cellulase showed the minimum value of the weight loss activity at DS of 0.10 and that of the saccharification activity at DS of 0.14. For CM-Cotton-Na, the cellulase exhibited larger value of the weight loss activity and smaller value of the saccharification activity at DS of 0.16 compared to the unmodified cotton fabric. We discussed that the endo-type cellulase attacked positively to CM-Cotton-Na with DS of 0.10 or more because of its more water swelling, but attacked negatively to CM-Cotton-H because of its less water swelling. On the other hand, the exo-type cellulase was inhibited to attack the modified cotton fabrics with DS of 0.10 or more.
FIBER, 2005
In our previous paper, cotton fabrics which had been modified by carboxymethylation so as to have... more In our previous paper, cotton fabrics which had been modified by carboxymethylation so as to have the degree of substitution of 0.02~0.16 were treated with a commercial cellulase preparation. The modification by carboxymethylation for cotton fabrics apparently inhibited weight loss activity and saccharification activity of cellulase. In this study, by scanning electron microscopy, we observed morphological changes of fiber surface of modified cotton fabrics treated with a commercial cellulase preparation. For unmodified cotton fabrics, deep bias cracks were produced and clear fibrillar layers appeared on the fiber surface by synergistic reaction of cellulase components. On the other hand, for cotton fabrics modified by carboxymethylation, we observed inhibition of catalytic reaction of some cellulase components, as a result of no deep cracks and no appearance of fibril layers on fibers. In addition, we confirmed, by measurements of FT-IR spectra and K/S values of fabrics dyed with a basic dye, that carboxymethyl groups in modified cotton fabrics remained even after treatment with cellulase. From these results, it is suggested that the change in the activity of each cellulase component on modified cotton can affect the synergistic action of cellulases, and consequently the morphology of fiber surface of modified cotton changes compared with unmodified cotton.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2005
Acetobacter xylinum has been used for many years as a model system for the study of cellulose bio... more Acetobacter xylinum has been used for many years as a model system for the study of cellulose biosynthesis. Interestingly, in addition to cellulose biosynthesis, this bacterium has also produced cellulolytic enzymes. 1) However, the relation between the two products has not been made clear. Furthermore, it is reported that some strains of Acetobacter have accumulated a water soluble polysaccharide called acetan, 2) which has a similar structure to xanthan. 3,4) Cellulose is an insoluble 1,4 glucan, but acetan is a soluble sugar, which has the same backbone as cellulose. Furthermore it has attached side chain composed of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose and the composition of those sugars is 4:1:1:1 (glucose:mannose: glucuronic acid : rhamnose). It was reported that Acetobacter acetigenum produced various carbohydrates, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose and fructose growing in a defined medium containing glucose. 5) Valla et al. 6) have shown a new extracellular polysaccharide from a cellulose negative strain of A. xylinum ATCC10245. In that report they showed that the polysaccharide contains glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio approximating 3:1:1:1. Partial acid hydrolysis results in release of glucose, rhamnose, and a disaccharide consisting of two glucose units. They speculated that this disaccharide might be gentiobiose, but the origin of these sugars has not been clarified. We also detected gentiobiose and various cello oligosaccharides in the culture broth of A. xylinum. In this paper we discuss what has been the real origin of various cello oligosaccharides synthesized during culture. First, the sugars produced in the Hestrin and Schramm (SH) 7) medium during the static culture of A. xylinum
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2004
u.ac.jp) Abbreviations: G1(Glc) G4, D glucose cellotetraose; pNPG1 pNPG3, p nitrophenyl D glucosi... more u.ac.jp) Abbreviations: G1(Glc) G4, D glucose cellotetraose; pNPG1 pNPG3, p nitrophenyl D glucoside p nitrophenyl D cellotrioside.
Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 2007
The water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide produced by Asaia bogorensis, an acetic acid bacte... more The water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide produced by Asaia bogorensis, an acetic acid bacterium, was investigated. It was suggested that the water-soluble polysaccharide seemed to be a fructan as only fructose was detected as a constituent sugar when it was hydrolyzed by trifluoroacetic acid. To confirm the glycosidic linkage of the fructan, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and 13 C NMR spectroscopy were carried out. From these results, Asaia fructan was identified as levan, which is a β-2,6 linked fructan, similar to the polysaccharide produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus. This β-2,6-linked levan-type fructan was produced only when sucrose was used as a carbon source.
Mycoscience, 2003
Analysis of isozymes was carried out against wild and cultivated commercial stocks of Flammulina ... more Analysis of isozymes was carried out against wild and cultivated commercial stocks of Flammulina velutipes to analyze their genetic differences. Esterase isozymes from F. velutipes showed many bands and variations among the different stocks on the gel. The stocks of F. velutipes in Japan were largely classified into three groups (tentatively named groups A, B, and C) according to the cluster analysis of esterase isozymes. Some characteristics of the three groups were examined. Group C was characterized by a larger spore size, slower spawn running, and a paler pileus color than groups A and B. Furthermore, group B showed a smaller spore size, slower spawn running, and paler pileus color than group A.
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013
Beet fiber is a fibrous by-product of the beet sugar industry. Efficient production of arabinooli... more Beet fiber is a fibrous by-product of the beet sugar industry. Efficient production of arabinooligosaccharides (AOs) and feruloylated arabino-oligosaccharides (FA-AOs), which are AOs esterified with ferulic acid, from beet fiber was investigated. Under hydrothermal conditions at a reaction temperature from 160 • C to 180 • C for a reaction time of 5-15 min, solubilization of the beet fiber occurred in the range of 58-63 wt%. In the soluble fraction, galactose and arabinose as well as their oligomers have been detected. It is notable that various characteristic glycosides, which consist of ferulic acid and AOs or galacto-oligosaccharides (GOs), were obtained from the arabinan or galactan side chains of the pectin present in the beet fiber. The total yield of AOs and FA-AOs reached 84% at 160 • C for 12 min, which was determined as arabinose units contained in the beet fiber. Almost all the ferulic acid present in the beet fiber was recovered as ferulate esters of oligosaccharides such as AOs or GOs via hydrothermal treatment.
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2008