Isak Shabani | University of Prishtina (original) (raw)
Papers by Isak Shabani
Applied Sciences
Anonymity and privacy in the electoral process are mandatory features found in any democratic soc... more Anonymity and privacy in the electoral process are mandatory features found in any democratic society, and many authors consider these fundamental civil liberties and rights. During the election process, every voter must be identified as eligible, but after casting a vote, the voter must stay anonymous, assuring voter and vote unlinkability. Voter anonymity and privacy are the most critical issues and challenges of almost all electronic voting systems. However, vote immutability must be assured as well, which is a problem in many new democracies, and Blockchain as a distributed technology meets this data immutability requirement. Our paper analyzes current solutions in Blockchain and proposes a new approach through the combination of two different Blockchains to achieve privacy and anonymity. The first Blockchain will be used for key management, while the second will store anonymous votes. The encrypted vote is salted with a nonce, hashed, and finally digitally signed with the voter...
Journal of Cloud Computing
Big Data and Cloud Computing as two mainstream technologies, are at the center of concern in the ... more Big Data and Cloud Computing as two mainstream technologies, are at the center of concern in the IT field. Every day a huge amount of data is produced from different sources. This data is so big in size that traditional processing tools are unable to deal with them. Besides being big, this data moves fast and has a lot of variety. Big Data is a concept that deals with storing, processing and analyzing large amounts of data. Cloud computing on the other hand is about offering the infrastructure to enable such processes in a cost-effective and efficient manner. Many sectors, including among others businesses (small or large), healthcare, education, etc. are trying to leverage the power of Big Data. In healthcare, for example, Big Data is being used to reduce costs of treatment, predict outbreaks of pandemics, prevent diseases etc. This paper, presents an overview of Big Data Analytics as a crucial process in many fields and sectors. We start by a brief introduction to the concept of B...
IEEE Access
This study analyzed the student dropout rate at the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineerin... more This study analyzed the student dropout rate at the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FECE) of the University of Pristina, Kosovo, from 2001 to 2015. This phenomenon is a concern for many countries, not only for students due to its emotional effects and further consequences for their university careers but also for institutions and society in general due to its broader negative impact on their authority. Over the past two decades, a significant number of students have been enrolled in these programs. However, we identified several factors that influenced young people to abandon their studies. The high dropout rate associated with FECE programs results in a lack of professionals in these areas and negatively affects the country's economy. The main reasons given by students for such dropout were unrelated to whether students were from urban or rural areas or economic factors but were strongly related to high school programs and, to a somewhat lesser degree, to poor academic performance in certain courses. This research suggests opportunities for reducing dropout rates, as improvement in this context can be achieved by updating curricula, employing contemporary literature, applying modern teaching methodologies, improving laboratories, and reforming the behavior of certain professors. The main purpose of this study is to find a compromise between the large number of students enrolled in FECE and dropout rates; however, the findings highlight a phenomenon that is very complex and multidimensional, especially when dropout occurs after the first year of study. INDEX TERMS Accreditation, dropout, electrical and computer engineering, enrolled students, higher education, iTEM, STEM, study programs.
Computers
This article proposes a new concept of microservice-based architecture for the future of distribu... more This article proposes a new concept of microservice-based architecture for the future of distributed systems. This architecture is a bridge between Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and applications that are used to monitor cattle health in real time for the physical and health parameters of cattle, where microservice architecture is introduced that enables this form of monitoring. Within this architecture, machine-learning algorithms were used to predict cattle health and inform farmers about the health of each cattle in real time. Within this architecture, six microservices were proposed that had the tasks of receiving, processing, and sending data upon request. In addition, within the six microservices, a microservice was developed for the prediction of cattle health using algorithms from machine learning using the LightGBM algorithm. Through this algorithm, it is possible to determine the percentage value of the health of each head of cattle in the moment, based on the parameters...
Computers
Reactive programming is a popular paradigm that has been used as a new solution in our proposed m... more Reactive programming is a popular paradigm that has been used as a new solution in our proposed model for security in the cloud. In this context, we have been able to reduce the execution time compared to our previous work for the model proposed in cloud security, where the control of security depending on the ITSS (IT security specialist) of a certain organization based on selecting options. Some of the difficulties we encountered in our previous work while using traditional programming were the coordination of parallel processes and the modification of real-time data. This study provides results for two methods of programming based on the solutions of the proposed model for cloud security, with the first method of traditional programming and the use of reactive programming as the most suitable solution in our case. While taking the measurements in this paper, we used the same algorithms, and we present comparative results between the first and second methods of programming. The re...
In this paper the performance of a web based software application at courts all over Kosovo is pr... more In this paper the performance of a web based software application at courts all over Kosovo is presented. Due to the large number of users writing and reading at the same time in database the server failed to respond. As a result of such overload the reports were unable to be generated and the work of application in all institutions has been stopped. To overcome the problem, it was necessary to find what caused the problem, to find a quick temporary solution for the application to work and to find the best solution that will also improve the performance by reducing server load.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2016
Cloud Computing is one of the technologies with rapid development in recent years where there is ... more Cloud Computing is one of the technologies with rapid development in recent years where there is increasing interest in industry and academia. This technology enables many services and resources for end users. With the rise of cloud services number of companies that offer various services in cloud infrastructure is increased, thus creating a competition on prices in the global market. Cloud Computing providers offer more services to their clients ranging from infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), software as a service (SaaS), storage as a service (STaaS), security as a service (SECaaS), test environment as a service (TEaaS). The purpose of providers is to maximize revenue by their price schemes, while the main goal of customers is to have quality of services (QoS) for a reasonable price. The purpose of this paper is to compare and discuss several models and pricing schemes from different Cloud Computing providers.
2014 Sixth International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, 2014
Efficient and scalable simultaneous interaction between many web servers requires special handlin... more Efficient and scalable simultaneous interaction between many web servers requires special handling of such interaction. Google Datastore provides highly available and reliable distributed storage and access on different types of data. With the rapid growth of distributed systems, efficient data provide is of critical importance. In this paper we present the possibilities which Google Application Engine and cloud computing provides to build distributed applications by specifically discussing the options to store the data on the cloud in a reliable way. Important is identification of the programming languages and tools which are suitable for designing of distributed systems using the Google possibilities as a framework for developing such systems. The design of distributed systems by using Google features together with the libraries in Java and Python programming language are examined in this paper.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2014
ABSTRACT
In this paper the performance of a web based software application at courts all over Kosovo is pr... more In this paper the performance of a web based software application at courts all over Kosovo is presented. Due to the large number of users writing and reading at the same time in database the server failed to respond. As a result of such overload the reports were unable to be generated and the work of application in all institutions has been stopped. To overcome the problem, it was necessary to find what caused the problem, to find a quick temporary solution for the application to work and to find the best solution that will also improve the performance by reducing server load.
In this paper, we have presented an algorithm for data synchronization based on Web Services (WS)... more In this paper, we have presented an algorithm for data synchronization based on Web Services (WS), which allows software applications to work well on both configurations "Online " and “Offline”, in the absence of the network. For this purpose is in use Electronic Student Management System (ESMS) at University of Prishtina (UP) with the appropriate module. Since the use of ESMS, because of a uncertain supply of electricity, disconnecting the network and for other reasons which are not under the control of professional staff that manages the performance of this system, has interruption to the online work. In order to continue work in such conditions, are founded adequate solutions to work in offline mode and later data synchronization in normal conditions.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2021
Distributed systems are very commonplace nowadays. They have seen an enormous growth in use durin... more Distributed systems are very commonplace nowadays. They have seen an enormous growth in use during the past few years. The idea to design systems that are robust, scalable, reliable, secure and fault tolerance are some of the many reasons of this development and growth. Distributed systems provide a shift from traditional ways of building systems where the whole system is concentrated in a single and indivisible unit. The latest architectural changes are progressing toward what is known as microservices. The monolithic systems, which can be considered as ancestors of microservices, cannot fulfill the requirements of today’s big and complex applications. In this paper we decompose a monolithic application into microservices using three different architectural patterns and draw comparisons between the two architectural styles using detailed metrics that are generated from the Apache JMeter tool. The application is created via .NET framework, uses the MVC pattern and is fictive. The tw...
The focus of the research study is set on analyzes of the reliability of software application, ai... more The focus of the research study is set on analyzes of the reliability of software application, aiming to determine the ways of measurement and determine the parameters of a reliable software application through the case study realized. Measurements of software reliability are important because it can be used to plan and control resources while implementing the software application and offer reliability regarding the correctness of the developed software. Throughout the study we elaborate the analyses of different problems that are encountered in order to maintain a higher level of reliable software application, especially the systems that are more complex and the process of their implementation depends on sensitive data. Furthermore we elaborate ways of detailed analysis and studies in achieving the reliability of software application and researches on the assessment of reliability of the software, and the measurement of the level of the failures in order to realize the level of rel...
In recent years, development of E-Government has taken a great leap across the world. With the co... more In recent years, development of E-Government has taken a great leap across the world. With the constitution of the local self-government institutions in Kosovo, the basement for online services within E-Government was also introduced. The aim of this paper is to show how to increase the speed of integration of services for citizens onto municipality portals. Our work is concentrated in local government processes. We have presented benefits of standardization of municipality portals for integration of all services for citizens. We use Web Services as a part of development to do this integration. Also, we used Web Services to collect data from municipalities and present them to the central administration, to ease this way performance measurement of local institutions in real time. With this solution, central institutions can take information about how the local institutions are performing to fulfill the needs of citizens.
Distributed Systems are software systems in which the components installed on computer networks c... more Distributed Systems are software systems in which the components installed on computer networks communicate with each other by passing messages in order to perform interconnected operations. Programs which run on the distributed systems are known as distributed programs and are designed using distributed programming. Computer networks are spread everywhere, mobile networks, enterprise networks and other kind of networks share same properties. Distributed communication in Google is reached by using Google File System (GFS) which enables efficient and reliable access on data. The main purpose of distributed system design is the share of resources which are possible to be shared in computer networks.
In the Kosovo institutions the e-Government is being implemented. Regarding it, a web based asset... more In the Kosovo institutions the e-Government is being implemented. Regarding it, a web based assets management system is developed and it is in use from 2009. This paper provides concrete results on the reliability of software applications. As a sample many public institutions are considered, where the assets management system is being used from the beginning of 2009 to the end of 2012. During the extractions of these results relating reliability, mathematical methods are used and for the increase of reliability, a synchronization algorithm is provided, which allow for the application to operate in the absence of the network. Provided methods have increased reliability of the software application to the end-users.
International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), Mar 19, 2018
Applications that requires true random number generator (TRNG), which uses raw analog data genera... more Applications that requires true random number generator (TRNG), which uses raw analog data generated from any noise source in nature, must convert the source normal distribution to uniform distribution. If the TRNG is implemented in a low power device such as a microcontroller, the algorithm for distribution conversion needs to be lightweight and efficient in terms of using as much of the raw data as possible. Many used market implementations convert the raw analog data into digital data by employing a comparator or a Schmitt trigger. This method wastes a large amount of random input data, lowering the throughput of the TRNG. In new national electronic identity card (eID) beyond the true identity of its bearer and to address the increasing concern of user privacy while doing business in Internet a pseudo profile is set. This pseudo profile uses 20 bytes random value generated by database server, using a script during personalization process. In this paper we present a novel algorithm that enables efficient distribution conversion in low power devices. The low memory requirements and efficient processing make it suitable for implementation in microcontrollers or other low power cryptographic devices but also in complex personalization systems. Furthermore we compare the random data generated by our efficient TRNG vs. those generated by database server.
Applied Sciences
Anonymity and privacy in the electoral process are mandatory features found in any democratic soc... more Anonymity and privacy in the electoral process are mandatory features found in any democratic society, and many authors consider these fundamental civil liberties and rights. During the election process, every voter must be identified as eligible, but after casting a vote, the voter must stay anonymous, assuring voter and vote unlinkability. Voter anonymity and privacy are the most critical issues and challenges of almost all electronic voting systems. However, vote immutability must be assured as well, which is a problem in many new democracies, and Blockchain as a distributed technology meets this data immutability requirement. Our paper analyzes current solutions in Blockchain and proposes a new approach through the combination of two different Blockchains to achieve privacy and anonymity. The first Blockchain will be used for key management, while the second will store anonymous votes. The encrypted vote is salted with a nonce, hashed, and finally digitally signed with the voter...
Journal of Cloud Computing
Big Data and Cloud Computing as two mainstream technologies, are at the center of concern in the ... more Big Data and Cloud Computing as two mainstream technologies, are at the center of concern in the IT field. Every day a huge amount of data is produced from different sources. This data is so big in size that traditional processing tools are unable to deal with them. Besides being big, this data moves fast and has a lot of variety. Big Data is a concept that deals with storing, processing and analyzing large amounts of data. Cloud computing on the other hand is about offering the infrastructure to enable such processes in a cost-effective and efficient manner. Many sectors, including among others businesses (small or large), healthcare, education, etc. are trying to leverage the power of Big Data. In healthcare, for example, Big Data is being used to reduce costs of treatment, predict outbreaks of pandemics, prevent diseases etc. This paper, presents an overview of Big Data Analytics as a crucial process in many fields and sectors. We start by a brief introduction to the concept of B...
IEEE Access
This study analyzed the student dropout rate at the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineerin... more This study analyzed the student dropout rate at the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FECE) of the University of Pristina, Kosovo, from 2001 to 2015. This phenomenon is a concern for many countries, not only for students due to its emotional effects and further consequences for their university careers but also for institutions and society in general due to its broader negative impact on their authority. Over the past two decades, a significant number of students have been enrolled in these programs. However, we identified several factors that influenced young people to abandon their studies. The high dropout rate associated with FECE programs results in a lack of professionals in these areas and negatively affects the country's economy. The main reasons given by students for such dropout were unrelated to whether students were from urban or rural areas or economic factors but were strongly related to high school programs and, to a somewhat lesser degree, to poor academic performance in certain courses. This research suggests opportunities for reducing dropout rates, as improvement in this context can be achieved by updating curricula, employing contemporary literature, applying modern teaching methodologies, improving laboratories, and reforming the behavior of certain professors. The main purpose of this study is to find a compromise between the large number of students enrolled in FECE and dropout rates; however, the findings highlight a phenomenon that is very complex and multidimensional, especially when dropout occurs after the first year of study. INDEX TERMS Accreditation, dropout, electrical and computer engineering, enrolled students, higher education, iTEM, STEM, study programs.
Computers
This article proposes a new concept of microservice-based architecture for the future of distribu... more This article proposes a new concept of microservice-based architecture for the future of distributed systems. This architecture is a bridge between Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and applications that are used to monitor cattle health in real time for the physical and health parameters of cattle, where microservice architecture is introduced that enables this form of monitoring. Within this architecture, machine-learning algorithms were used to predict cattle health and inform farmers about the health of each cattle in real time. Within this architecture, six microservices were proposed that had the tasks of receiving, processing, and sending data upon request. In addition, within the six microservices, a microservice was developed for the prediction of cattle health using algorithms from machine learning using the LightGBM algorithm. Through this algorithm, it is possible to determine the percentage value of the health of each head of cattle in the moment, based on the parameters...
Computers
Reactive programming is a popular paradigm that has been used as a new solution in our proposed m... more Reactive programming is a popular paradigm that has been used as a new solution in our proposed model for security in the cloud. In this context, we have been able to reduce the execution time compared to our previous work for the model proposed in cloud security, where the control of security depending on the ITSS (IT security specialist) of a certain organization based on selecting options. Some of the difficulties we encountered in our previous work while using traditional programming were the coordination of parallel processes and the modification of real-time data. This study provides results for two methods of programming based on the solutions of the proposed model for cloud security, with the first method of traditional programming and the use of reactive programming as the most suitable solution in our case. While taking the measurements in this paper, we used the same algorithms, and we present comparative results between the first and second methods of programming. The re...
In this paper the performance of a web based software application at courts all over Kosovo is pr... more In this paper the performance of a web based software application at courts all over Kosovo is presented. Due to the large number of users writing and reading at the same time in database the server failed to respond. As a result of such overload the reports were unable to be generated and the work of application in all institutions has been stopped. To overcome the problem, it was necessary to find what caused the problem, to find a quick temporary solution for the application to work and to find the best solution that will also improve the performance by reducing server load.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2016
Cloud Computing is one of the technologies with rapid development in recent years where there is ... more Cloud Computing is one of the technologies with rapid development in recent years where there is increasing interest in industry and academia. This technology enables many services and resources for end users. With the rise of cloud services number of companies that offer various services in cloud infrastructure is increased, thus creating a competition on prices in the global market. Cloud Computing providers offer more services to their clients ranging from infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), software as a service (SaaS), storage as a service (STaaS), security as a service (SECaaS), test environment as a service (TEaaS). The purpose of providers is to maximize revenue by their price schemes, while the main goal of customers is to have quality of services (QoS) for a reasonable price. The purpose of this paper is to compare and discuss several models and pricing schemes from different Cloud Computing providers.
2014 Sixth International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, 2014
Efficient and scalable simultaneous interaction between many web servers requires special handlin... more Efficient and scalable simultaneous interaction between many web servers requires special handling of such interaction. Google Datastore provides highly available and reliable distributed storage and access on different types of data. With the rapid growth of distributed systems, efficient data provide is of critical importance. In this paper we present the possibilities which Google Application Engine and cloud computing provides to build distributed applications by specifically discussing the options to store the data on the cloud in a reliable way. Important is identification of the programming languages and tools which are suitable for designing of distributed systems using the Google possibilities as a framework for developing such systems. The design of distributed systems by using Google features together with the libraries in Java and Python programming language are examined in this paper.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2014
ABSTRACT
In this paper the performance of a web based software application at courts all over Kosovo is pr... more In this paper the performance of a web based software application at courts all over Kosovo is presented. Due to the large number of users writing and reading at the same time in database the server failed to respond. As a result of such overload the reports were unable to be generated and the work of application in all institutions has been stopped. To overcome the problem, it was necessary to find what caused the problem, to find a quick temporary solution for the application to work and to find the best solution that will also improve the performance by reducing server load.
In this paper, we have presented an algorithm for data synchronization based on Web Services (WS)... more In this paper, we have presented an algorithm for data synchronization based on Web Services (WS), which allows software applications to work well on both configurations "Online " and “Offline”, in the absence of the network. For this purpose is in use Electronic Student Management System (ESMS) at University of Prishtina (UP) with the appropriate module. Since the use of ESMS, because of a uncertain supply of electricity, disconnecting the network and for other reasons which are not under the control of professional staff that manages the performance of this system, has interruption to the online work. In order to continue work in such conditions, are founded adequate solutions to work in offline mode and later data synchronization in normal conditions.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2021
Distributed systems are very commonplace nowadays. They have seen an enormous growth in use durin... more Distributed systems are very commonplace nowadays. They have seen an enormous growth in use during the past few years. The idea to design systems that are robust, scalable, reliable, secure and fault tolerance are some of the many reasons of this development and growth. Distributed systems provide a shift from traditional ways of building systems where the whole system is concentrated in a single and indivisible unit. The latest architectural changes are progressing toward what is known as microservices. The monolithic systems, which can be considered as ancestors of microservices, cannot fulfill the requirements of today’s big and complex applications. In this paper we decompose a monolithic application into microservices using three different architectural patterns and draw comparisons between the two architectural styles using detailed metrics that are generated from the Apache JMeter tool. The application is created via .NET framework, uses the MVC pattern and is fictive. The tw...
The focus of the research study is set on analyzes of the reliability of software application, ai... more The focus of the research study is set on analyzes of the reliability of software application, aiming to determine the ways of measurement and determine the parameters of a reliable software application through the case study realized. Measurements of software reliability are important because it can be used to plan and control resources while implementing the software application and offer reliability regarding the correctness of the developed software. Throughout the study we elaborate the analyses of different problems that are encountered in order to maintain a higher level of reliable software application, especially the systems that are more complex and the process of their implementation depends on sensitive data. Furthermore we elaborate ways of detailed analysis and studies in achieving the reliability of software application and researches on the assessment of reliability of the software, and the measurement of the level of the failures in order to realize the level of rel...
In recent years, development of E-Government has taken a great leap across the world. With the co... more In recent years, development of E-Government has taken a great leap across the world. With the constitution of the local self-government institutions in Kosovo, the basement for online services within E-Government was also introduced. The aim of this paper is to show how to increase the speed of integration of services for citizens onto municipality portals. Our work is concentrated in local government processes. We have presented benefits of standardization of municipality portals for integration of all services for citizens. We use Web Services as a part of development to do this integration. Also, we used Web Services to collect data from municipalities and present them to the central administration, to ease this way performance measurement of local institutions in real time. With this solution, central institutions can take information about how the local institutions are performing to fulfill the needs of citizens.
Distributed Systems are software systems in which the components installed on computer networks c... more Distributed Systems are software systems in which the components installed on computer networks communicate with each other by passing messages in order to perform interconnected operations. Programs which run on the distributed systems are known as distributed programs and are designed using distributed programming. Computer networks are spread everywhere, mobile networks, enterprise networks and other kind of networks share same properties. Distributed communication in Google is reached by using Google File System (GFS) which enables efficient and reliable access on data. The main purpose of distributed system design is the share of resources which are possible to be shared in computer networks.
In the Kosovo institutions the e-Government is being implemented. Regarding it, a web based asset... more In the Kosovo institutions the e-Government is being implemented. Regarding it, a web based assets management system is developed and it is in use from 2009. This paper provides concrete results on the reliability of software applications. As a sample many public institutions are considered, where the assets management system is being used from the beginning of 2009 to the end of 2012. During the extractions of these results relating reliability, mathematical methods are used and for the increase of reliability, a synchronization algorithm is provided, which allow for the application to operate in the absence of the network. Provided methods have increased reliability of the software application to the end-users.
International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), Mar 19, 2018
Applications that requires true random number generator (TRNG), which uses raw analog data genera... more Applications that requires true random number generator (TRNG), which uses raw analog data generated from any noise source in nature, must convert the source normal distribution to uniform distribution. If the TRNG is implemented in a low power device such as a microcontroller, the algorithm for distribution conversion needs to be lightweight and efficient in terms of using as much of the raw data as possible. Many used market implementations convert the raw analog data into digital data by employing a comparator or a Schmitt trigger. This method wastes a large amount of random input data, lowering the throughput of the TRNG. In new national electronic identity card (eID) beyond the true identity of its bearer and to address the increasing concern of user privacy while doing business in Internet a pseudo profile is set. This pseudo profile uses 20 bytes random value generated by database server, using a script during personalization process. In this paper we present a novel algorithm that enables efficient distribution conversion in low power devices. The low memory requirements and efficient processing make it suitable for implementation in microcontrollers or other low power cryptographic devices but also in complex personalization systems. Furthermore we compare the random data generated by our efficient TRNG vs. those generated by database server.