Christopher Puttock | Smithsonian Institution (original) (raw)

Papers by Christopher Puttock

The Gnaphalieae are a group of sunflowers that have their greatest diversity in South America, So... more The Gnaphalieae are a group of sunflowers that have their greatest diversity in South America, Southern Africa, and Australia. The objective of this study was to reconstruct a phylogeny of the South African Gnaphalieae using sequence data from two noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences, the trnL intron and trntiL/trnzF intergenic spacer. Included in this investigation are the genera of the Gnaphalieae from the African basal groups, members of the subtribes Cassiniinae, Gnaphaliinae, and Relhaniinae, and African representatives from the large Old World genus Helichrysun?. Results indicate that two Gnaphaloid genera, Printzia and Callilepis, should be excluded from the Gnaphalieae. In most trees the Relhaniinae s.s. (sensu stricto) and some of the basal taxa comprise a clade that is sister to the remainder of the tribe Gnaphalieae. The Relhaniinae, which are restricted to Africa, are not a monophyletic group as presently circumscribed, nor are the South African members of Helichrysumn, the Cassiniinae and Gnaphaliinae. There is general agreement between our molecular analysis and that of morphology, particularly in the terminal branches of the trees.

Buku ini membahas tentang sistem kendali kualitas dan sistem kendali proses industri gula di Indo... more Buku ini membahas tentang sistem kendali kualitas dan sistem kendali proses industri gula di Indonesia. Materi pembahasannya meliputi: jenis-jenis gula di pasaran dulu dan sekarang; teknologi pembuatan gula pasir; pengawasan dalam proses pembuatan gula di Indonesia; perhitungan dan evaluasi angka teknologis dalam pengawasan dan pengendalian proses; masakan gula dan skema masakan dalam proses kristalisasi; dan pengawasan kinerja baterai gilingan.283 Ha

New Zealand Journal of Botany, Jun 1, 2004

The highly polymorphic taxon Metrosideros polymorpha ('ohi'a) is the most abundant endemic tree i... more The highly polymorphic taxon Metrosideros polymorpha ('ohi'a) is the most abundant endemic tree in Hawai'i, occupying a wide but fragmented range of habitats across Federal, State, and privately managed lands. Morphological character states of 342 herbarium specimens from the island of Hawai'i distributed the five recognised varieties in ordinal space, but intermediate phenotypes were prevalent. Morphological and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were undertaken for 10 individuals at 3 sites on Hawai'i. Individuals at a high-elevation dry site and mid-elevation dry site had smaller, pubescent leaves with a higher leaf mass per area and nitrogen content than individuals at a moist mid-elevation site. While the populations were separated in ordinal space, taxonomic varieties overlapped. The high degree of overlap between the taxonomic varieties, based on genetic and morphological characteristics, does not support the current varietal subdivision of Metrosideros polymorpha on Hawai'i.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Acacia saligna covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathoge... more This datasheet on Acacia saligna covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Economics, Further Information.

Australian Systematic Botany, 1999

Cladistic analyses of a morphological database for 37 Australian species of Gardenia Ellis and Ra... more Cladistic analyses of a morphological database for 37 Australian species of Gardenia Ellis and Randia Houst. ex L. demonstrate the polyphyly of both genera. Five clades are identified, with Randia audasii C. T. White placed in an isolated position. Four of these clades are assigned to extant genera: Aidia Lour., Atractocarpus Schltr. et K. Krause, Gardenia s.s. and Kailarsenia Tirveng. The following genera are considered as falling within Atractocarpus: Neofranciella Guillaumin, Sukunia A. C. Sm., and Trukia Kaneh. Pelagodendron Seem. belongs with Aidia. Whereas Randia audasii falls within the current concept of Rothmannia Thunb., available data suggest that genus is paraphyletic, and should be confined to the African taxa. Introduction The Gardenieae and Coffeeae together include one-fifth of all rubiaceous genera, following revised delimitation of the tribes by Bremekamp (1934, 1966) and Verdcourt (1958). These tribes were initially associated by their contorted corolla lobes (Bremekamp 1934) and later studies (e.g. Robbrecht 1979) have reinforced this link over the earlier system based on number of ovules. While many genera with large flowers and fruits and numerous seeds immersed in pulp were referable to the Gardenieae, and others with small flowers and fruits, and 1-seeded locules with no pulp were referable to the Coffeeae, many intermediate taxa remained difficult to assign (Verdcourt 1981). Although many small, often monotypic, genera have been described (e.g. Griffithia Thwaites, Xeromphis Raf., Basanacantha Hook. f.), they have often been separated by rather artificial characters (Standley 1929) and few have been widely accepted (e.g. Rothmannia Thunb.). For almost two centuries Randia Houst. ex L. and Gardenia Ellis have served as reservoirs for difficult elements with contorted aestivation within the tropical woody Rubiaceae, species with two locules in the ovary being placed in the former, and those with one in the latter (Bentham 1861, 1867; Hooker 1873). Whereas Keay (1958), Bridson et al. (1980) and later workers have radically divided Randia and Gardenia in tropical Africa, these narrower generic concepts have generally been rejected in the neotropics (e.g. Standley and Williams 1975; Dwyer 1980; Rogers 1987). Most recent workers on the palaeotropical taxa, however, have accepted the conclusion of Fagerlind (1943), Taylor (1944), Bremekamp (1957) and Keay (1958), that Randia is restricted to the Americas; a recent cladistic analysis of Ixoroideae revealed no close relationship between Randia s.s. and the two representatives of Australian Randia s.l. included in the study (Andreasen and Bremer 1996). There has been a proliferation of new genera in the eastern palaeotropics (e.g. Tirvengadum and Sastre 1979; Tirvengadum 1983) but no testing of the concepts. Indeed, few taxa have been described or revised in such detail that one can be confident of their generic identity (e.g. Tirvengadum 1983). The aim of this study is to resolve the generic placement of the Australian species of Gardenia s.l., Randia s.l. and several new taxa in light of the narrower generic delimitations of both Gardenia and Randia.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Lactuca floridana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis... more This datasheet on Lactuca floridana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Impacts, Uses, Further Information.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Acacia decurrens covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis,... more This datasheet on Acacia decurrens covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Economics, Further Information.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Cosmos sulphureus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis... more This datasheet on Cosmos sulphureus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Impacts, Uses, Further Information.

Nordic Journal of Botany, Dec 1, 1994

The characters that define the genus Kuilurseniu (Rubiaceae), namely the stipule morphology, seed... more The characters that define the genus Kuilurseniu (Rubiaceae), namely the stipule morphology, seed-coat perimeter thickening and colporate pollen, are entirely consistent with the morphology of three Australian species placed in that genus. A preliminary cladistic analysis of the genus indicates that the Queensland species K. ochreatu and K. jardinei are more closely related to the Bornean K. curnpanulu than to K. suflruticosu an endemic of the Northern Territory, Australia. Kuilursenia suJirrurico.sn has its affinities with the type of the genus K. tmtclculufu and K. linrutu of tropical Asia. The recently described genus, Lursenuikiu is reduced to synonomy.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Zinnia peruviana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Biology &a... more This datasheet on Zinnia peruviana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.

Phytotaxa, Jan 30, 2018

Two new species of shrubs endemic to western and central Australia, respectively, are described a... more Two new species of shrubs endemic to western and central Australia, respectively, are described as Ozothamnus vespertinus R.W.Davis, Wege & Schmidt-Leb. and O. filifolius Puttock. A dichotomous key to the species of Ozothamnus and Cassinia known from Western Australia and the Northern Territory is provided.

Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) (Online), 2016

Toxicopueraria peduncularis (Graham ex Benth.) A.N.Egan & B.Pan bis is reported for the first tim... more Toxicopueraria peduncularis (Graham ex Benth.) A.N.Egan & B.Pan bis is reported for the first time in Thailand. Genus and species descriptions are provided, along with vernacular names, distributional data and specimens examined. This Thailand population is shown to be a distant outlier from the known range for T. peduncularis and its closely related sister species, T. yunnanensis in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, China.

Australian Systematic Botany, 1999

The seven Australian species of Atractocarpus Schltr. & K.Krause are revised and full description... more The seven Australian species of Atractocarpus Schltr. & K.Krause are revised and full descriptions and keys provided. Two new subspecies, A. benthamianus subsp. glaber and A. fitzalanii subsp. tenuipes are described. Shorter descriptions and notes are provided for eleven extra-Australian species transferred to Atractocarpus from Neofranciella Guillaumin, Randia s.l., Sukunia A.C.Sm., Sulitia Merr. and Trukia Kaneh. Seventeen new combinations are made: Atractocarpus benthamianus (Randia benthamiana F.Muell.), A. carolinensis (Randia carolinensis Valeton), A. chartaceus (Gardenia chartacea F.Muell.), A. crosbyi (Randia crosbyi Burkill), A. decorus (Randia decora Valeton), A. fitzalanii (Gardenia fitzalanii F.Muell.), A. hirtus (Gardenia hirta F.Muell.), A. longipes (Sukunia longipes A.C.Sm.), A. macarthurii (Randia macarthurii F.Muell.), A. merikin (Gardenia merikin F.M.Bailey), A. obscurinervius (Gardenia obscurinervia Merr.), A. pentagonioides (Gardenia pentagonioides Seem.), A. pterocarpon (Franciella pterocarpon Guillaumin), A. sessilis (Randia sessilis F.Muell.), A. tahitiensis (Randia tahitiensis Nadeaud), A. tenuiflorus (Randia tenuiflora A.C.Sm.) and A. versteegii (Randia versteegii Valeton).

Austrobaileya: A Journal of Plant Systematics

Nuytsia—The journal of the Western Australian Herbarium

Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Bogor- LIPI, 1994

20 hal

The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants

The Gnaphalieae are a group of sunflowers that have their greatest diversity in South America, So... more The Gnaphalieae are a group of sunflowers that have their greatest diversity in South America, Southern Africa, and Australia. The objective of this study was to reconstruct a phylogeny of the South African Gnaphalieae using sequence data from two noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences, the trnL intron and trntiL/trnzF intergenic spacer. Included in this investigation are the genera of the Gnaphalieae from the African basal groups, members of the subtribes Cassiniinae, Gnaphaliinae, and Relhaniinae, and African representatives from the large Old World genus Helichrysun?. Results indicate that two Gnaphaloid genera, Printzia and Callilepis, should be excluded from the Gnaphalieae. In most trees the Relhaniinae s.s. (sensu stricto) and some of the basal taxa comprise a clade that is sister to the remainder of the tribe Gnaphalieae. The Relhaniinae, which are restricted to Africa, are not a monophyletic group as presently circumscribed, nor are the South African members of Helichrysumn, the Cassiniinae and Gnaphaliinae. There is general agreement between our molecular analysis and that of morphology, particularly in the terminal branches of the trees.

Buku ini membahas tentang sistem kendali kualitas dan sistem kendali proses industri gula di Indo... more Buku ini membahas tentang sistem kendali kualitas dan sistem kendali proses industri gula di Indonesia. Materi pembahasannya meliputi: jenis-jenis gula di pasaran dulu dan sekarang; teknologi pembuatan gula pasir; pengawasan dalam proses pembuatan gula di Indonesia; perhitungan dan evaluasi angka teknologis dalam pengawasan dan pengendalian proses; masakan gula dan skema masakan dalam proses kristalisasi; dan pengawasan kinerja baterai gilingan.283 Ha

New Zealand Journal of Botany, Jun 1, 2004

The highly polymorphic taxon Metrosideros polymorpha ('ohi'a) is the most abundant endemic tree i... more The highly polymorphic taxon Metrosideros polymorpha ('ohi'a) is the most abundant endemic tree in Hawai'i, occupying a wide but fragmented range of habitats across Federal, State, and privately managed lands. Morphological character states of 342 herbarium specimens from the island of Hawai'i distributed the five recognised varieties in ordinal space, but intermediate phenotypes were prevalent. Morphological and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were undertaken for 10 individuals at 3 sites on Hawai'i. Individuals at a high-elevation dry site and mid-elevation dry site had smaller, pubescent leaves with a higher leaf mass per area and nitrogen content than individuals at a moist mid-elevation site. While the populations were separated in ordinal space, taxonomic varieties overlapped. The high degree of overlap between the taxonomic varieties, based on genetic and morphological characteristics, does not support the current varietal subdivision of Metrosideros polymorpha on Hawai'i.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Acacia saligna covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathoge... more This datasheet on Acacia saligna covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Economics, Further Information.

Australian Systematic Botany, 1999

Cladistic analyses of a morphological database for 37 Australian species of Gardenia Ellis and Ra... more Cladistic analyses of a morphological database for 37 Australian species of Gardenia Ellis and Randia Houst. ex L. demonstrate the polyphyly of both genera. Five clades are identified, with Randia audasii C. T. White placed in an isolated position. Four of these clades are assigned to extant genera: Aidia Lour., Atractocarpus Schltr. et K. Krause, Gardenia s.s. and Kailarsenia Tirveng. The following genera are considered as falling within Atractocarpus: Neofranciella Guillaumin, Sukunia A. C. Sm., and Trukia Kaneh. Pelagodendron Seem. belongs with Aidia. Whereas Randia audasii falls within the current concept of Rothmannia Thunb., available data suggest that genus is paraphyletic, and should be confined to the African taxa. Introduction The Gardenieae and Coffeeae together include one-fifth of all rubiaceous genera, following revised delimitation of the tribes by Bremekamp (1934, 1966) and Verdcourt (1958). These tribes were initially associated by their contorted corolla lobes (Bremekamp 1934) and later studies (e.g. Robbrecht 1979) have reinforced this link over the earlier system based on number of ovules. While many genera with large flowers and fruits and numerous seeds immersed in pulp were referable to the Gardenieae, and others with small flowers and fruits, and 1-seeded locules with no pulp were referable to the Coffeeae, many intermediate taxa remained difficult to assign (Verdcourt 1981). Although many small, often monotypic, genera have been described (e.g. Griffithia Thwaites, Xeromphis Raf., Basanacantha Hook. f.), they have often been separated by rather artificial characters (Standley 1929) and few have been widely accepted (e.g. Rothmannia Thunb.). For almost two centuries Randia Houst. ex L. and Gardenia Ellis have served as reservoirs for difficult elements with contorted aestivation within the tropical woody Rubiaceae, species with two locules in the ovary being placed in the former, and those with one in the latter (Bentham 1861, 1867; Hooker 1873). Whereas Keay (1958), Bridson et al. (1980) and later workers have radically divided Randia and Gardenia in tropical Africa, these narrower generic concepts have generally been rejected in the neotropics (e.g. Standley and Williams 1975; Dwyer 1980; Rogers 1987). Most recent workers on the palaeotropical taxa, however, have accepted the conclusion of Fagerlind (1943), Taylor (1944), Bremekamp (1957) and Keay (1958), that Randia is restricted to the Americas; a recent cladistic analysis of Ixoroideae revealed no close relationship between Randia s.s. and the two representatives of Australian Randia s.l. included in the study (Andreasen and Bremer 1996). There has been a proliferation of new genera in the eastern palaeotropics (e.g. Tirvengadum and Sastre 1979; Tirvengadum 1983) but no testing of the concepts. Indeed, few taxa have been described or revised in such detail that one can be confident of their generic identity (e.g. Tirvengadum 1983). The aim of this study is to resolve the generic placement of the Australian species of Gardenia s.l., Randia s.l. and several new taxa in light of the narrower generic delimitations of both Gardenia and Randia.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Lactuca floridana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis... more This datasheet on Lactuca floridana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Impacts, Uses, Further Information.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Acacia decurrens covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis,... more This datasheet on Acacia decurrens covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Economics, Further Information.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Cosmos sulphureus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis... more This datasheet on Cosmos sulphureus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Impacts, Uses, Further Information.

Nordic Journal of Botany, Dec 1, 1994

The characters that define the genus Kuilurseniu (Rubiaceae), namely the stipule morphology, seed... more The characters that define the genus Kuilurseniu (Rubiaceae), namely the stipule morphology, seed-coat perimeter thickening and colporate pollen, are entirely consistent with the morphology of three Australian species placed in that genus. A preliminary cladistic analysis of the genus indicates that the Queensland species K. ochreatu and K. jardinei are more closely related to the Bornean K. curnpanulu than to K. suflruticosu an endemic of the Northern Territory, Australia. Kuilursenia suJirrurico.sn has its affinities with the type of the genus K. tmtclculufu and K. linrutu of tropical Asia. The recently described genus, Lursenuikiu is reduced to synonomy.

CABI Compendium, Jan 7, 2022

This datasheet on Zinnia peruviana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Biology &a... more This datasheet on Zinnia peruviana covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.

Phytotaxa, Jan 30, 2018

Two new species of shrubs endemic to western and central Australia, respectively, are described a... more Two new species of shrubs endemic to western and central Australia, respectively, are described as Ozothamnus vespertinus R.W.Davis, Wege & Schmidt-Leb. and O. filifolius Puttock. A dichotomous key to the species of Ozothamnus and Cassinia known from Western Australia and the Northern Territory is provided.

Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) (Online), 2016

Toxicopueraria peduncularis (Graham ex Benth.) A.N.Egan & B.Pan bis is reported for the first tim... more Toxicopueraria peduncularis (Graham ex Benth.) A.N.Egan & B.Pan bis is reported for the first time in Thailand. Genus and species descriptions are provided, along with vernacular names, distributional data and specimens examined. This Thailand population is shown to be a distant outlier from the known range for T. peduncularis and its closely related sister species, T. yunnanensis in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, China.

Australian Systematic Botany, 1999

The seven Australian species of Atractocarpus Schltr. & K.Krause are revised and full description... more The seven Australian species of Atractocarpus Schltr. & K.Krause are revised and full descriptions and keys provided. Two new subspecies, A. benthamianus subsp. glaber and A. fitzalanii subsp. tenuipes are described. Shorter descriptions and notes are provided for eleven extra-Australian species transferred to Atractocarpus from Neofranciella Guillaumin, Randia s.l., Sukunia A.C.Sm., Sulitia Merr. and Trukia Kaneh. Seventeen new combinations are made: Atractocarpus benthamianus (Randia benthamiana F.Muell.), A. carolinensis (Randia carolinensis Valeton), A. chartaceus (Gardenia chartacea F.Muell.), A. crosbyi (Randia crosbyi Burkill), A. decorus (Randia decora Valeton), A. fitzalanii (Gardenia fitzalanii F.Muell.), A. hirtus (Gardenia hirta F.Muell.), A. longipes (Sukunia longipes A.C.Sm.), A. macarthurii (Randia macarthurii F.Muell.), A. merikin (Gardenia merikin F.M.Bailey), A. obscurinervius (Gardenia obscurinervia Merr.), A. pentagonioides (Gardenia pentagonioides Seem.), A. pterocarpon (Franciella pterocarpon Guillaumin), A. sessilis (Randia sessilis F.Muell.), A. tahitiensis (Randia tahitiensis Nadeaud), A. tenuiflorus (Randia tenuiflora A.C.Sm.) and A. versteegii (Randia versteegii Valeton).

Austrobaileya: A Journal of Plant Systematics

Nuytsia—The journal of the Western Australian Herbarium

Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Bogor- LIPI, 1994

20 hal

The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants