Adrian Charles | Sidra Medical and Research Center (original) (raw)

Papers by Adrian Charles

Human Pathology, 1996

this lesion could not be interpreted as "radiolucent," but it is rather "radiopaque" in nature, a... more this lesion could not be interpreted as "radiolucent," but it is rather "radiopaque" in nature, and it is usually interpreted as osteoblastic.

Spine, 1992

Thirty patients with persistent sciatica due to a single disc protrusion were injected with 0.5 m... more Thirty patients with persistent sciatica due to a single disc protrusion were injected with 0.5 ml (2.0 mg) or 2.0 ml (8.0 mg) of chymopapain. Serial 24-hour urine samples were collected 1 day preinjection and for 5 days postinjection for glycosaminoglycan analysis. There was a ...

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2009

Background: There is a growing expectation that cell-based therapies will prove effective for a w... more Background: There is a growing expectation that cell-based therapies will prove effective for a wide range of conditions including lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis. The promise of these therapies will depend largely on effective delivery and engraftment. In this study, in the setting of human lung transplantation, we sought to determine whether exogenous epithelial cells are able to engraft the transplanted organ and if cells of a similar phenotype could be detected in peripheral blood.

Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 2007

Page 1. 327 15 (Campbell et al. 1987). Most malignant congeni-tal tumors present in the first wee... more Page 1. 327 15 (Campbell et al. 1987). Most malignant congeni-tal tumors present in the first week. A congenital tumor is one that is present at birth, but it is reasonable to suppose that any tumor presenting in the first 3 months of life is congenital. ...

Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 2001

Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 2007

ANZ Journal of Surgery, 2008

Pediatric Research, 2006

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal illness in premature neonates. Tumor necro... more Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal illness in premature neonates. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) has been shown to play a central role in the inflammatory cascade leading to the development of NEC. Published evidence points to a significant role of pentoxifylline in inhibition of TNF-␣ and in reducing mucosal injury and improving healing in ischemiareperfusion experiments. Our aim was to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on the incidence of NEC in a neonatal rat model. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups originating from eight separate litters were delivered by cesarean section at 21.5 d and were formula fed from birth by orogastric gavage. The rat pups were randomized to receive either intraperitoneal pentoxifylline (15 mg/kg/dose) or placebo, given every 8 h beginning at 24 h of age, in a blinded fashion. Experimental NEC was induced by exposure to hypoxia for 60 s followed by cold stress at 4°C for 10 min. The animals were euthanized at development of NEC or at 96 h and intestinal tissue was processed and examined for histologic changes of NEC. The incidence of NEC was significantly lower in the pentoxifylline group [pentoxifylline 5/38 versus placebo 15/36; p ϭ 0.008, odds ratio (OR) ϭ 0.21 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.67]. Among the pups developing NEC, significantly fewer rat pups treated with pentoxifylline had severe (Ն3) intestinal injury scores [pentoxifylline 1/5 versus placebo 10/15; p ϭ 0.031, OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.79]. We conclude that intraperitoneal administration of pentoxifylline significantly reduced the incidence and severity of NEC in our experimental animal model.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2010

We present three cases of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in Australian children. Each had a famil... more We present three cases of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in Australian children. Each had a family history of childhood tumors which collectively included PPB, infant lung cyst, cystic nephroma, medullo-epithelioma and a Sertoli-Leydig ovarian tumor. Two of the patients also had additional malignancies: a concurrent bladder rhabdomyosarcoma and a post therapy non-PPB malignant lung tumor. In two cases, the family histories were elicited years after the PPB diag-nosis. Archived pathology material allowed revision of pathologic diagnoses from decades earlier. These cases illustrate the importance of detailed inquiry into family medical history and the pleiotropy of the PPB-related familial cancer predisposition syndrome, which appears to result from heterozygous DICER1 mutations.

Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2006

Posterior urethral valves are the main cause of bladder outflow obstruction in human fetuses. Thi... more Posterior urethral valves are the main cause of bladder outflow obstruction in human fetuses. Thirty per cent of boys with valves develop end-stage renal disease, despite intervention in the postnatal period. The timing and mechanisms of renal damage in bladder outflow obstruction are unknown. We investigated the timing of changes in morphology and apoptosis in the fetal sheep kidney in response to obstruction. Thirty-three fetal lambs at day 70 of gestation underwent surgical creation of bladder outflow obstruction. Twenty-nine fetal lambs had sham surgery. Fetal kidneys were collected 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after surgery. Renal histology was examined. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the renal cortical expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-X. The TUNEL technique was used to assess regional renal apoptosis in response to obstruction. Changes in renal morphology were evident as early as 2 days after surgery in fetuses with bladder outflow obstruction, and progressed over 20-30 days to cystic renal dysplasia. Bladder outflow obstruction increased the renal cortical expression of Bax relative to Bcl-X. Tubular apoptosis peaked after 2 days of obstruction. Blastemal apoptosis peaked after 5 days of obstruction. Changes in pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression in the fetal renal cortex, and alterations in the number of apoptotic cells and renal morphology are evident soon after the onset of bladder outflow obstruction. These findings suggest that damage to the developing fetal kidney begins to occur at the onset of obstruction. Attempts to preserve renal function by antenatal interventions may best be achieved by early treatment.

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 1996

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 1996

The recent case report by Gordan Vujanic and colleagues [11 is thought provoking and well demonst... more The recent case report by Gordan Vujanic and colleagues [11 is thought provoking and well demonstrated. The close topographic relationship between the nephrogenic rest and the mesoblastic nephroma in their case strongly suggests an etiogical relationship between ...

Fetal & Pediatric Pathology, 1996

The recent case report by Gordan Vujanic and colleagues [11 is thought provoking and well demonst... more The recent case report by Gordan Vujanic and colleagues [11 is thought provoking and well demonstrated. The close topographic relationship between the nephrogenic rest and the mesoblastic nephroma in their case strongly suggests an etiogical relationship between ...

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2009

Background: Audit and classification of stillbirths is an essential part of clinical practice and... more Background: Audit and classification of stillbirths is an essential part of clinical practice and a crucial step towards stillbirth prevention. Due to the limitations of the ICD system and lack of an international approach to an acceptable solution, numerous disparate classification systems have emerged. We assessed the performance of six contemporary systems to inform the development of an internationally accepted approach.

Human Pathology, 1996

this lesion could not be interpreted as "radiolucent," but it is rather "radiopaque" in nature, a... more this lesion could not be interpreted as "radiolucent," but it is rather "radiopaque" in nature, and it is usually interpreted as osteoblastic.

Spine, 1992

Thirty patients with persistent sciatica due to a single disc protrusion were injected with 0.5 m... more Thirty patients with persistent sciatica due to a single disc protrusion were injected with 0.5 ml (2.0 mg) or 2.0 ml (8.0 mg) of chymopapain. Serial 24-hour urine samples were collected 1 day preinjection and for 5 days postinjection for glycosaminoglycan analysis. There was a ...

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2009

Background: There is a growing expectation that cell-based therapies will prove effective for a w... more Background: There is a growing expectation that cell-based therapies will prove effective for a wide range of conditions including lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis. The promise of these therapies will depend largely on effective delivery and engraftment. In this study, in the setting of human lung transplantation, we sought to determine whether exogenous epithelial cells are able to engraft the transplanted organ and if cells of a similar phenotype could be detected in peripheral blood.

Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 2007

Page 1. 327 15 (Campbell et al. 1987). Most malignant congeni-tal tumors present in the first wee... more Page 1. 327 15 (Campbell et al. 1987). Most malignant congeni-tal tumors present in the first week. A congenital tumor is one that is present at birth, but it is reasonable to suppose that any tumor presenting in the first 3 months of life is congenital. ...

Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 2001

Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 2007

ANZ Journal of Surgery, 2008

Pediatric Research, 2006

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal illness in premature neonates. Tumor necro... more Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal illness in premature neonates. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) has been shown to play a central role in the inflammatory cascade leading to the development of NEC. Published evidence points to a significant role of pentoxifylline in inhibition of TNF-␣ and in reducing mucosal injury and improving healing in ischemiareperfusion experiments. Our aim was to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on the incidence of NEC in a neonatal rat model. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups originating from eight separate litters were delivered by cesarean section at 21.5 d and were formula fed from birth by orogastric gavage. The rat pups were randomized to receive either intraperitoneal pentoxifylline (15 mg/kg/dose) or placebo, given every 8 h beginning at 24 h of age, in a blinded fashion. Experimental NEC was induced by exposure to hypoxia for 60 s followed by cold stress at 4°C for 10 min. The animals were euthanized at development of NEC or at 96 h and intestinal tissue was processed and examined for histologic changes of NEC. The incidence of NEC was significantly lower in the pentoxifylline group [pentoxifylline 5/38 versus placebo 15/36; p ϭ 0.008, odds ratio (OR) ϭ 0.21 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.67]. Among the pups developing NEC, significantly fewer rat pups treated with pentoxifylline had severe (Ն3) intestinal injury scores [pentoxifylline 1/5 versus placebo 10/15; p ϭ 0.031, OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.79]. We conclude that intraperitoneal administration of pentoxifylline significantly reduced the incidence and severity of NEC in our experimental animal model.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2010

We present three cases of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in Australian children. Each had a famil... more We present three cases of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in Australian children. Each had a family history of childhood tumors which collectively included PPB, infant lung cyst, cystic nephroma, medullo-epithelioma and a Sertoli-Leydig ovarian tumor. Two of the patients also had additional malignancies: a concurrent bladder rhabdomyosarcoma and a post therapy non-PPB malignant lung tumor. In two cases, the family histories were elicited years after the PPB diag-nosis. Archived pathology material allowed revision of pathologic diagnoses from decades earlier. These cases illustrate the importance of detailed inquiry into family medical history and the pleiotropy of the PPB-related familial cancer predisposition syndrome, which appears to result from heterozygous DICER1 mutations.

Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2006

Posterior urethral valves are the main cause of bladder outflow obstruction in human fetuses. Thi... more Posterior urethral valves are the main cause of bladder outflow obstruction in human fetuses. Thirty per cent of boys with valves develop end-stage renal disease, despite intervention in the postnatal period. The timing and mechanisms of renal damage in bladder outflow obstruction are unknown. We investigated the timing of changes in morphology and apoptosis in the fetal sheep kidney in response to obstruction. Thirty-three fetal lambs at day 70 of gestation underwent surgical creation of bladder outflow obstruction. Twenty-nine fetal lambs had sham surgery. Fetal kidneys were collected 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after surgery. Renal histology was examined. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the renal cortical expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-X. The TUNEL technique was used to assess regional renal apoptosis in response to obstruction. Changes in renal morphology were evident as early as 2 days after surgery in fetuses with bladder outflow obstruction, and progressed over 20-30 days to cystic renal dysplasia. Bladder outflow obstruction increased the renal cortical expression of Bax relative to Bcl-X. Tubular apoptosis peaked after 2 days of obstruction. Blastemal apoptosis peaked after 5 days of obstruction. Changes in pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression in the fetal renal cortex, and alterations in the number of apoptotic cells and renal morphology are evident soon after the onset of bladder outflow obstruction. These findings suggest that damage to the developing fetal kidney begins to occur at the onset of obstruction. Attempts to preserve renal function by antenatal interventions may best be achieved by early treatment.

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 1996

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 1996

The recent case report by Gordan Vujanic and colleagues [11 is thought provoking and well demonst... more The recent case report by Gordan Vujanic and colleagues [11 is thought provoking and well demonstrated. The close topographic relationship between the nephrogenic rest and the mesoblastic nephroma in their case strongly suggests an etiogical relationship between ...

Fetal & Pediatric Pathology, 1996

The recent case report by Gordan Vujanic and colleagues [11 is thought provoking and well demonst... more The recent case report by Gordan Vujanic and colleagues [11 is thought provoking and well demonstrated. The close topographic relationship between the nephrogenic rest and the mesoblastic nephroma in their case strongly suggests an etiogical relationship between ...

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2009

Background: Audit and classification of stillbirths is an essential part of clinical practice and... more Background: Audit and classification of stillbirths is an essential part of clinical practice and a crucial step towards stillbirth prevention. Due to the limitations of the ICD system and lack of an international approach to an acceptable solution, numerous disparate classification systems have emerged. We assessed the performance of six contemporary systems to inform the development of an internationally accepted approach.