Trond Bjørndal | SNF Consulting (original) (raw)

Papers by Trond Bjørndal

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2016

ABSTRACT This paper examines how to harvest a biomass exposed to a potential collapse at an uncer... more ABSTRACT This paper examines how to harvest a biomass exposed to a potential collapse at an uncertain date. A specific recovery effect is identified which may be positive or negative. In general, the effect on the optimal biomass is indeterminate and depends upon the failure rate, the expected collapse, and the function relating the extent of the collapse to the size of the precollapse stock. Apart from balanced harvest strategies, even extreme strategies of total extinction or extreme precaution may be optimal in some cases. The model is applied to the North Sea herring fishery.

Environmental Management, 2022

In this paper, a sustainability framework with a case application for UK’s Scottish fisheries has... more In this paper, a sustainability framework with a case application for UK’s Scottish fisheries has been developed which integrates aspects related to economic growth, social development, governance, biology, environment, and logistics. Scotland is the centre of UK’s commercial fishery sector however it faces challenges such as overexploitation, and changes in the governance structure following Brexit. The contributions of this study are threefold including (i) collecting and analysing primary data gathered from a diverse group of stakeholders in the Scottish fishery sector and scientific community, (ii) prioritising a diverse range of criteria in terms of importance in decision making from industry and scientific community perspectives, (iii) elaboration of the key management objectives in this region within the context of sustainable management of fisheries in the UK.The results of this stakeholders’ survey show that the key management objectives are reductions in overexploitation o...

Bidrag innen kundeverdi og marked, 2021

There seems to be a broad consensus that we are in an "energy transition" towards a low-CO 2 emis... more There seems to be a broad consensus that we are in an "energy transition" towards a low-CO 2 emissions power generation. This raises questions such as how much capital this transition will require, how financing will be sourced to support the transition and what the implications are for the economy. This chapter presents a review of major developments in the areas of public climate commitments, climate reporting standards, public support schemes and green fiscal and monetary policy initiatives. Keywords climate accounting | green finance | energy transition 13. Framework conditions for renewable energy: Towards a new era of carbonomics?

Often, increases in farmed seabass and seabream production surpluses from Turkey and Greece have ... more Often, increases in farmed seabass and seabream production surpluses from Turkey and Greece have been blamed to lead to price declines and aquaculture sector crises. In this study, we investigate whether Turkish exports of farmed European seabass affect prices of European Union (EU) farmed European seabass. This is done by examining the existence of market integration between the prices of Turkish exports of farmed European seabass into the EU and the prices of farmed European seabass commercialized in wholesale markets in Barcelona, Madrid and Paris. Market integration and competition studies in fisheries and aquaculture products have generally focused on analyzing substitutability between species and between wild and farmed conspecifics. Few studies have focused on analyzing market integration between different geographic areas. Market integration analyses between different geographic areas have proven useful in anti-dumping investigations. Results show the lack of market integrat...

With the world’s population expected to reach 8.2 billion people by 2030, and with 842 million pe... more With the world’s population expected to reach 8.2 billion people by 2030, and with 842 million people estimated as having been undernourished in the period 2011–13, food supply will present a growing challenge in the next two decades. With increases in income along with demographic changes related to family size, population ageing and urbanization, and consumer trends such as concerns for healthy eating and sustainable production, there will be great shifts in demand and major changes in the composition of demand. This will in turn have an impact on food supply, which will need to both increase and become more efficient if it is to grow within the constraints presented by the availability of natural resources and existing technology. This publication presents projections of future food supply up to 2030, building on existing analyses but also providing more economic perspectives on the future evolution of food production. It thus looks at the main drivers of future demand and supply...

© Materialet er vernet etter åndsverkloven. Uten uttrykkelig samtykke er eksemplarfremstilling so... more © Materialet er vernet etter åndsverkloven. Uten uttrykkelig samtykke er eksemplarfremstilling som utskrift og annen kopiering bare tillatt når det er hjemlet i lov (kopiering til privat bruk, sitat o.l.) eller avtale med Kopinor (www.kopinor.no) Utnyttelse i strid med lov eller avtale kan medføre erstatnings-og straffeansvar.

The purpose of this research1 is to demonstrate the case for gender equitable value chains in agr... more The purpose of this research1 is to demonstrate the case for gender equitable value chains in agriculture. From a value chain and business perspective, there is a need to address structural barriers to women’s membership and participation, especially in agriculture. There is a lot of research on gender and agricultural value chains, however a lot of the case studies are pure development projects and the authors believe a commercial shift would be more valuable in the long-term. Therefore, the focus of this research is on evaluating how Café Femenino Peru, an organically grown coffee produced by women, is successful in promoting gender equity, while being a for-profit business. The authors believe these chains can provide high growth, both economically and socially. Using semistructured interviews and the ‘pro-poor perspective’ of Porter’s value chain analysis as its primary methodology, this research identifies links and dynamics in the value chain of Café Femenino Peru but with a g...

The paper assesses the potential for rent generation, distinguishing between resource and intra-m... more The paper assesses the potential for rent generation, distinguishing between resource and intra-marginal rent, in the North Sea herring fishery. A bioeconomic model combining fish population dynamics with the economic structure of the fishery is used to generate equations to compute the different rents. A combination of biological data with vessel-level economic data for UK pelagic trawlers is employed in estimations. In order to assess the dynamics of both resource and intra-marginal rent generation, the model is evaluated under various assumptions with regard to price, cost, and discount rate. Potential total rents are measured at £90-91 million annually of which resource rent makes up about £89.0 million with intra-marginal rent measured in the order of only £2.0 million. This compares to an actual rent in 2007 estimated at £ 16.3 million. The results show that, in this fishery, rent is dissipated almost entirely due to excess effort while very little is dissipated due to suboptimal stock size.

Journal of Environmental Management, 2021

Marine Policy, 2020

Production of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is th... more Production of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is the second most important aquaculture industry in the European Union. During the last 10 years, the industry has experienced a process of industry concentration with the aim to overcome efficiency and profitability issues. However, the economic performance of the companies is still in general rather poor. The present work analyzes the economic performance of EU seabream and seabass companies in the period 2008-2016. The work is the first study to analyze companies' profitability in the EU as a whole, by country and company size, using economic and financial data extracted from companies' annual accounts. Based on the results, the study discusses the improvement of production and business profitability in recent years and the different factors that may have caused it, as well as the challenges and threats that seabream and seabass companies will have to face in order to achieve economic sustainability.

Applied Economics, 2017

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production from aqu... more Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production from aquaculture has been increasing since the 1990s. Nowadays, about 95% of their production comes from aquaculture. In this study we analyze if the rapid growth in the aquaculture production of both species has affected the capture fisheries prices of both species. In other words, we investigate if there is market integration between wild and farmed gilthead seabream and European seabass. In order to do this analysis, we use data from the main gilthead seabream and European seabass markets in Spain. Results show that there is no or limited market integration between wild and farmed gilthead seabream and European seabass. This implies that capture fisheries are not significantly affected by increases in the aquaculture production of both species. But gilthead seabream and European seabass aquaculture producers face a smaller demand that explains the difficulties this aquaculture segment is facing.

Advances in Fisheries Economics

... The Clark and Munro 1975 JEEM article, which was a very effective fusion of Professor Clark&#... more ... The Clark and Munro 1975 JEEM article, which was a very effective fusion of Professor Clark's mathematical expertise and Professor Munro's economics ... The rule can be seen as a Modified Golden Rule of Capital Accumulation and represents an implicit expression for x*, the ...

Land Economics, 1989

The purpose of this paper is to undertake an empirical analysis of the harvest (production) funct... more The purpose of this paper is to undertake an empirical analysis of the harvest (production) function for the North Sea herring fishery. The approach of the paper is to specify a general production function, where output (harvest) is a function of variable inputs and fixed factors. In particular, output elasticities and returns to scale will be analyzed. Moreover, the effect of fisheries regulations on harvesting will be investigated. The empirical work is based on cross sectional data for 1968, 1971, and 1975. For empirical estimation, different functional forms as well as statistical procedures are employed. The empirical results indicate that there is a rising marginal product to the variable input in the fishery. This somewhat surprising result, which is not commonly seen in the literature and indicates that the boats operate in stage one, is attributed to interactions between pre-, postand main season fisheries. Fishery regulations that were in force, including total quotas and closed seasons, are found to be either ineffective or causing boats to operate inefficiently. In section I the fishery and the data are described, while the model is specified in section II. Empirical results from estimating the production function are presented in section III, while the work is briefly summarized in section IV.

European Journal of Operational Research, 2004

Aquaculture Economics & Management, 1999

Commercial salmon and trout farming has emerged as a major industry in Chile during the last two ... more Commercial salmon and trout farming has emerged as a major industry in Chile during the last two decades. Salmon is not a native species to Chile; however, excellent climatic conditions are provided for farming activities in the southern part of the country. After negligible production volumes during the early years, the harvest levels accelerated in the late 1980s, and since

Interactions between species in a fishery may be either biological (e.g. predatorprey) or technic... more Interactions between species in a fishery may be either biological (e.g. predatorprey) or technical (e.g. joint production). Technical interactions within fisheries have generally been assumed to exist, although the strength of these interactions has not been previously quantified. In this paper, we estimate a multi-output distance function for the UK North Sea demersal fishery and consider elasticities of substitution between the outputs. The empirical results of the paper have implications for continuing fisheries management in several countries. In particular, they reinforce the need for fisheries managers to consider the technical interactions between species when setting the TACs. Failure to consider these interactions may result in increased discarding in the fishery, and potentially lower than expected future yields.