Sound Comparisons... (original) (raw)
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʔ | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||||||||||||||
| Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tap or Flap | ⱱ | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
| Lateral fricative | ɬ | ɮ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | ɫ |
Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)
| Ejectives | ʼ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiced implosives | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | ɠ | ʛ |
| Clicks | ʘ | ǀ | ǃ | ǂ | ǁ |
Others
| ʍ | ʡ | ʬ | ¡ | w | ɕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ʭ | ǃ¡ | ɥ | ʑ | ʪ | ʜ |
| ɺ | ʫ | ʢ | ɧ | ʩ |
Diacritics
| ◌̩ Syllabic | ◌ʰ Aspirated | ◌˭ Unaspirated | ◌ʼ Ejective | ◌͡ Affricate or double articulation | ◌͜ Affricate or double articulation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ◌̃ Nasalized | ◌ʷ Labialized | ◌ʲ Palatalized | ◌ˠ Velarized | ◌̴ Velarized or pharyngealized | ◌ˤ Pharyngealized | |
| ◌̥ Voiceless | ˬ Voicing | ◌̬ Voiced | ◌̤ Breathy voiced | ◌̰ Creaky voiced | ||
| ◌˔ Raised | ◌̝ Raised | ◌˕ Lowered | ◌̞ Lowered | ◌͆ Dentolabial | ◌̼ Linguolabial | ◌͍ Labial spreading |
| ◌̪ Dental | ◌͇ Alveolar | ◌̺ Apical | ◌̻ Laminal | ◌̪͆ Interdental/bidental | ||
| ◌̚ No audible release | ◌ˡ Lateral release | ◌ⁿ Nasal release | ◌͋ Nasal escape | ◌͊ Denasal | ◌͌ Velopharyngeal friction |
Tone
| Tones and Word Accents | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ◌̋ | ˥ | ◌̌ | ↓ |
| ◌́ | ˦ | ◌̂ | ↑ |
| ◌̄ | ˧ | ◌᷄ | ↗ |
| ◌̀ | ˨ | ◌᷅ | ↘ |
| ◌̏ | ˩ | ◌᷈ |
| Vowels Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u ɪ ʏ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o ə Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ Open a ɶ ɑ ɒ Suprasegmentals ˈ ˌ ◌ː ◌ˑ ◌̆ | ‖ . ‿ | Diacritics ◌̃ Nasalized ◌˞ Rhoticity ɚ ɝ ◌˔ Raised ◌̝ Raised ◌˕ Lowered ◌̞ Lowered ◌̟ Advanced ◌̠ Retracted ◌̈ Centralized ◌̽ Mid-centralized ◌̹ More rounded ◌̜ Less rounded ◌̥ Voiceless ◌̤ Breathy voiced ◌̰ Creaky voiced |
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