James House | University of Minnesota - Twin Cities (original) (raw)

Papers by James House

Research paper thumbnail of A Dynamic Approach to the Thumb-In-Palm Deformity in Cerebral Palsy

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 1981

Research paper thumbnail of The Second International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia)

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1986

Research paper thumbnail of Congenital Cervical Scoliosis With Unilateral Congenital Nerve Deficit in the Upper Extremity

Research paper thumbnail of The paralyzed hand Vol. 2. The hand and upper limb editor .Douglas W. Lamb, Editor, Churchill Livingstone, New York (1987) 251 pp, $79.50

Journal of Hand Surgery-american Volume, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Restoration of strong grasp and lateral pinch in tetraplegia: A comparison of two methods of thumb control in each patient

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1985

Six patients with spinal cord injury who ranged in age from 25 to 42 years were selected for surg... more Six patients with spinal cord injury who ranged in age from 25 to 42 years were selected for surgery that used a tendon transfer for opposition-adduction of one thumb and arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal joint of the other in each patient. At follow-up 2 to 6 years later, the hands with the opponens-adductorplasty had a slightly stronger lateral pinch (3.75 kg versus 3.31 kg), but the hands with the carpometacarpal arthrodesis had a somewhat stronger grasp (7.42 kg versus 6.86 kg). The patients did not exhibit a consistent preference for either method, but rather, were particularly pleased that their hands had been reconstructed differently, thereby allowing each to be somewhat "specialized" for certain activities.

Research paper thumbnail of Lateral Band Rerouting in the Treatment of Swan Neck Deformities Due to Cerebral Palsy

Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of One-stage key pinch and release with thumb carpal-metacarpal fusion in tetraplegia

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1992

Lower motor and primary sensory neuron diseases with peroneal muscular atrophy. I. Neurologic, ge... more Lower motor and primary sensory neuron diseases with peroneal muscular atrophy. I. Neurologic, genetic and electrophysiologic findings in hereditary polyneuropathies.

Research paper thumbnail of Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Pitcher's Periostitis

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

We present a case of periostitis of the ulna in a softball pitcher. A detailed workup was necessa... more We present a case of periostitis of the ulna in a softball pitcher. A detailed workup was necessary to make the diagnosis, and surgical findings confirmed the diagnosis and led to successful treatment. This case exemplifies the importance of the clinical examination, along with imaging, to make the diagnosis of ulnar periostitis. The diagnosis of periostitis of the ulna, analogous to medial tibial stress syndrome, has been reported infrequently in the English literature. Surgical treatment of this condition has not been reported.

Research paper thumbnail of Upper extremity surgical treatment of cerebral palsy

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Two-stage reconstruction of apert acrosyndactyly

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1997

This report retrospectively reviews presenting radiographs and surgical treatment of 28 hands in ... more This report retrospectively reviews presenting radiographs and surgical treatment of 28 hands in 14 children with Apert acrosyndactyly with the purpose of developing a classification system to describe the decision-making process used to determine the type and staging of hand reconstruction. The average patient age at last follow-up evaluation was 7 years (range, 3-17 years). Type I deformities (7 hands) had little or no angular deformity at the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint; two-stage reconstruction created a four-fingered hand. Type IIA deformities (11 hands) had mild MP joint angular deformity and a more proximal complex syndactyly of the middle three digits; two-stage reconstruction created a three-fingered hand with ray resection of the third digit. Type IIB deformities (7 hands) had pronation of digit 2 superimposed on the thumb and radial angulation at the MP joint of digit 2; two-stage reconstruction created a three-fingered hand with ray resection of the second digit. Type IIC deformities (3 hands) had supination of digit 4 superimposed on digit 5 with ulnar angulation at the MP joint of digits 4 and 5; two-stage reconstruction created a three-fingered hand with ray resection of the fourth digit. This report presents a classification system and four different treatment strategies based on presenting radiographs.

Research paper thumbnail of Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger digits in children with mucopolysaccharide storage disorders

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1998

The role of surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger digits in children... more The role of surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger digits in children with mucopolysaccharide storage disorders (MPSDs) has not been clearly defined, particularly as the treatment of the underlying disease has advanced to include bone marrow transplantation. This study reviews our experience in the treatment of CTS and trigger digits in 22 children with MPSDs who were evaluated for CTS by electromyographic (EMG)/nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing. Seventeen children were diagnosed with CTS by EMG/NCV testing and were treated with bilateral open surgical release with or without flexor tenosynovectomy. The EMG/NCV testing revealed normal results in 5 patients who are subsequently being monitored. Forty-five digits in 8 children were diagnosed clinically with trigger digits. Nineteen digits were treated by annular pulley release alone. Twenty-six digits were treated by annular pulley release with partial flexor digitorum superficialis tendon resection. The average age at the time of hand surgery was 6.3 years, and at the time of follow-up, 9.6 years. Postoperative EMG/NCV testing in 7 children showed 1 with improvement and 6 with normalization. None of the patients undergoing carpal tunnel release went on to develop thenar atrophy or absent sensibility, as has been reported in untreated cases. Patients were evaluated for triggering digits both by preoperative tendon palpation and by intraoperative flexor tendon excursion at the time of open carpal tunnel release. All patients undergoing trigger release had improved active digital flexion seen at the final follow-up visit. Because of the very high incidence of CTS and trigger digits in this population, the authors currently recommend routine screening of EMG/NCV for all children with MPSDs. Early surgical intervention for nerve compression and stenosing flexor tenosynovitis can maximize hand function in these children.

Research paper thumbnail of Reconstruction of the Thumb in Tetraplegia Following Spinal Cord Injury

Clin Orthop Related Res, 1985

Functional positioning of the thumb is paramount to the restoration of lateral pinch to the hands... more Functional positioning of the thumb is paramount to the restoration of lateral pinch to the hands in patients with tetraplegia as the result of spinal cord injury. Useful lateral pinch can be provided to patients with at least wrist extension control preserved by use of a combination of flexor pollicis longus tenodesis or transfer and carpometacarpal and inter phalangeal joint stabilization. In patients who retain function in the brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, pronator teres, and flexor carpi radialis, strong grasp as well as effective lateral pinch can be restored to the hand by surgery. Thumb control for flexion and extension is provided by tendon transfer to the flexor pollicis longus and tenodesis or transfer to the extensor pollicis longus. Proper positioning for lateral pinch can be accomplished by either arthrodesis of the first metacarpal-trapezial joint or tendon transfer to restore adduction-opposition to the thumb. The surgical concepts presented in this paper have been applied to the functional reconstruction of the hands of more than 50 patients with spinal cord injury during the last 15 years. The patients have been pleased with the significant improvement in function, strength, and speed that has resulted from surgery and have been cooperative advocates as the alternate methods of thumb control have been evaluated.

Research paper thumbnail of Extensor Retinaculum Impingement in the AthleteA New Diagnosis

Amer J Sport Med, 2007

Athletes with repetitive weightbearing hyperextension activities are predisposed to wrist pain. T... more Athletes with repetitive weightbearing hyperextension activities are predisposed to wrist pain. To describe extensor retinaculum impingement of the extensor tendons as a new diagnosis for wrist pain for the athlete performing repetitive wrist hyperextension, to present cadaveric dissections to further understand the anatomical basis for extensor retinaculum impingement, and to report treatment outcomes of extensor retinaculum impingement. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. A retrospective chart review was performed for athletes treated from 1987 to 2006 for wrist pain due to extensor retinaculum impingement. Eight wrists in 7 athletes were reviewed with a mean presenting age of 19.6 years. The hallmark symptom was dorsal wrist pain, and signs were extensor tendon synovitis and tenderness at the distal border of the extensor retinaculum, provoked by wrist hyperextension. Ten cadaveric wrists were dissected and examined to evaluate anatomical factors that may contribute to extensor retinaculum impingement. Two athletes (2 wrists) were treated with corticosteroid injections. Five patients (6 wrists) were treated operatively, with pathologic findings of thickening of the distal border of the extensor retinaculum and concomitant extensor tendon synovial thickening or, in 1 patient, tendon rupture. Partial distal resection of the extensor retinaculum was performed to eliminate impingement. All patients had complete relief of pain and full return to sport. Competitive sports that require repetitive wrist extension with an axial load predispose the athlete to extensor retinaculum impingement. Athletes with dorsal wrist pain and tenosynovial thickening worsened with wrist hyperextension should be considered for the diagnosis of extensor retinaculum impingement. When nonoperative management fails, surgical resection of the distal impinging border of the extensor retinaculum can eliminate pain and can still allow athletes to return to sport without diminishing the opportunity for significant athletic accomplishments.

Research paper thumbnail of Dorsal carpal dislocation and flexor tendon rupture in rheumatoid arthritis: A case report

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1984

A unique case of dorsal carpal dislocation of a rheumatoid wrist with an unusual pattern of flexo... more A unique case of dorsal carpal dislocation of a rheumatoid wrist with an unusual pattern of flexor tendon rupture and median nerve compression is reported. The carpus was relocated and fused to the radius. The distal ulna was resected. Grafting and adjacent suturing of the tendons restored function, but late follow-up showed development of secondary deformities.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of systeme international measurements

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Bilateral unicameral bone cysts in the hamate bones

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Sensibility deficiencies in the hands of children with spastic hemiplegia

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1993

We evaluated 40 children with spastic hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy for sensory function and r... more We evaluated 40 children with spastic hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy for sensory function and relative limb size in the affected and unaffected upper extremities. Sensory function of each limb was evaluated with respect to stereognosis (12 objects), two-point discrimination, and proprioception. Four size measurements of each limb were made: arm and forearm circumference and forearm and forearm-hand length. This study showed that 97% of the spastic limbs had a stereognosis deficit, 90% had a two-point discrimination deficit, and 46% had a proprioception deficit. Thus sensory deficits are the rule rather than the exception in children with spastic hemiplegia. Those children with severe stereognosis deficits had significantly smaller limbs in all four measurement parameters than the children with mild or moderate stereognosis deficits. In the preoperative evaluation of children with spastic hemiplegia, severe size discrepancy is a physical examination tool that can be used as a predictor of severe sensory deficits. This information is helpful for the hand surgeon in establishing realistic surgical goals.

Research paper thumbnail of Rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction of the upper limb in tetraplegia: An update

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1992

1. J Hand Surg Am. 1992 Sep;17(5):964-7. Rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction of the upper ... more 1. J Hand Surg Am. 1992 Sep;17(5):964-7. Rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction of the upper limb in tetraplegia: an update. Hentz VR, House J, McDowell C, Moberg E. Department of Functional Restoration, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Third International conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the upper limb in tetraplegia (quadriplegia)

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1989

Research paper thumbnail of A Dynamic Approach to the Thumb-In-Palm Deformity in Cerebral Palsy

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 1981

Research paper thumbnail of The Second International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia)

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1986

Research paper thumbnail of Congenital Cervical Scoliosis With Unilateral Congenital Nerve Deficit in the Upper Extremity

Research paper thumbnail of The paralyzed hand Vol. 2. The hand and upper limb editor .Douglas W. Lamb, Editor, Churchill Livingstone, New York (1987) 251 pp, $79.50

Journal of Hand Surgery-american Volume, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Restoration of strong grasp and lateral pinch in tetraplegia: A comparison of two methods of thumb control in each patient

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1985

Six patients with spinal cord injury who ranged in age from 25 to 42 years were selected for surg... more Six patients with spinal cord injury who ranged in age from 25 to 42 years were selected for surgery that used a tendon transfer for opposition-adduction of one thumb and arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal joint of the other in each patient. At follow-up 2 to 6 years later, the hands with the opponens-adductorplasty had a slightly stronger lateral pinch (3.75 kg versus 3.31 kg), but the hands with the carpometacarpal arthrodesis had a somewhat stronger grasp (7.42 kg versus 6.86 kg). The patients did not exhibit a consistent preference for either method, but rather, were particularly pleased that their hands had been reconstructed differently, thereby allowing each to be somewhat "specialized" for certain activities.

Research paper thumbnail of Lateral Band Rerouting in the Treatment of Swan Neck Deformities Due to Cerebral Palsy

Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of One-stage key pinch and release with thumb carpal-metacarpal fusion in tetraplegia

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1992

Lower motor and primary sensory neuron diseases with peroneal muscular atrophy. I. Neurologic, ge... more Lower motor and primary sensory neuron diseases with peroneal muscular atrophy. I. Neurologic, genetic and electrophysiologic findings in hereditary polyneuropathies.

Research paper thumbnail of Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Pitcher's Periostitis

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

We present a case of periostitis of the ulna in a softball pitcher. A detailed workup was necessa... more We present a case of periostitis of the ulna in a softball pitcher. A detailed workup was necessary to make the diagnosis, and surgical findings confirmed the diagnosis and led to successful treatment. This case exemplifies the importance of the clinical examination, along with imaging, to make the diagnosis of ulnar periostitis. The diagnosis of periostitis of the ulna, analogous to medial tibial stress syndrome, has been reported infrequently in the English literature. Surgical treatment of this condition has not been reported.

Research paper thumbnail of Upper extremity surgical treatment of cerebral palsy

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Two-stage reconstruction of apert acrosyndactyly

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1997

This report retrospectively reviews presenting radiographs and surgical treatment of 28 hands in ... more This report retrospectively reviews presenting radiographs and surgical treatment of 28 hands in 14 children with Apert acrosyndactyly with the purpose of developing a classification system to describe the decision-making process used to determine the type and staging of hand reconstruction. The average patient age at last follow-up evaluation was 7 years (range, 3-17 years). Type I deformities (7 hands) had little or no angular deformity at the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint; two-stage reconstruction created a four-fingered hand. Type IIA deformities (11 hands) had mild MP joint angular deformity and a more proximal complex syndactyly of the middle three digits; two-stage reconstruction created a three-fingered hand with ray resection of the third digit. Type IIB deformities (7 hands) had pronation of digit 2 superimposed on the thumb and radial angulation at the MP joint of digit 2; two-stage reconstruction created a three-fingered hand with ray resection of the second digit. Type IIC deformities (3 hands) had supination of digit 4 superimposed on digit 5 with ulnar angulation at the MP joint of digits 4 and 5; two-stage reconstruction created a three-fingered hand with ray resection of the fourth digit. This report presents a classification system and four different treatment strategies based on presenting radiographs.

Research paper thumbnail of Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger digits in children with mucopolysaccharide storage disorders

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1998

The role of surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger digits in children... more The role of surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger digits in children with mucopolysaccharide storage disorders (MPSDs) has not been clearly defined, particularly as the treatment of the underlying disease has advanced to include bone marrow transplantation. This study reviews our experience in the treatment of CTS and trigger digits in 22 children with MPSDs who were evaluated for CTS by electromyographic (EMG)/nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing. Seventeen children were diagnosed with CTS by EMG/NCV testing and were treated with bilateral open surgical release with or without flexor tenosynovectomy. The EMG/NCV testing revealed normal results in 5 patients who are subsequently being monitored. Forty-five digits in 8 children were diagnosed clinically with trigger digits. Nineteen digits were treated by annular pulley release alone. Twenty-six digits were treated by annular pulley release with partial flexor digitorum superficialis tendon resection. The average age at the time of hand surgery was 6.3 years, and at the time of follow-up, 9.6 years. Postoperative EMG/NCV testing in 7 children showed 1 with improvement and 6 with normalization. None of the patients undergoing carpal tunnel release went on to develop thenar atrophy or absent sensibility, as has been reported in untreated cases. Patients were evaluated for triggering digits both by preoperative tendon palpation and by intraoperative flexor tendon excursion at the time of open carpal tunnel release. All patients undergoing trigger release had improved active digital flexion seen at the final follow-up visit. Because of the very high incidence of CTS and trigger digits in this population, the authors currently recommend routine screening of EMG/NCV for all children with MPSDs. Early surgical intervention for nerve compression and stenosing flexor tenosynovitis can maximize hand function in these children.

Research paper thumbnail of Reconstruction of the Thumb in Tetraplegia Following Spinal Cord Injury

Clin Orthop Related Res, 1985

Functional positioning of the thumb is paramount to the restoration of lateral pinch to the hands... more Functional positioning of the thumb is paramount to the restoration of lateral pinch to the hands in patients with tetraplegia as the result of spinal cord injury. Useful lateral pinch can be provided to patients with at least wrist extension control preserved by use of a combination of flexor pollicis longus tenodesis or transfer and carpometacarpal and inter phalangeal joint stabilization. In patients who retain function in the brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, pronator teres, and flexor carpi radialis, strong grasp as well as effective lateral pinch can be restored to the hand by surgery. Thumb control for flexion and extension is provided by tendon transfer to the flexor pollicis longus and tenodesis or transfer to the extensor pollicis longus. Proper positioning for lateral pinch can be accomplished by either arthrodesis of the first metacarpal-trapezial joint or tendon transfer to restore adduction-opposition to the thumb. The surgical concepts presented in this paper have been applied to the functional reconstruction of the hands of more than 50 patients with spinal cord injury during the last 15 years. The patients have been pleased with the significant improvement in function, strength, and speed that has resulted from surgery and have been cooperative advocates as the alternate methods of thumb control have been evaluated.

Research paper thumbnail of Extensor Retinaculum Impingement in the AthleteA New Diagnosis

Amer J Sport Med, 2007

Athletes with repetitive weightbearing hyperextension activities are predisposed to wrist pain. T... more Athletes with repetitive weightbearing hyperextension activities are predisposed to wrist pain. To describe extensor retinaculum impingement of the extensor tendons as a new diagnosis for wrist pain for the athlete performing repetitive wrist hyperextension, to present cadaveric dissections to further understand the anatomical basis for extensor retinaculum impingement, and to report treatment outcomes of extensor retinaculum impingement. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. A retrospective chart review was performed for athletes treated from 1987 to 2006 for wrist pain due to extensor retinaculum impingement. Eight wrists in 7 athletes were reviewed with a mean presenting age of 19.6 years. The hallmark symptom was dorsal wrist pain, and signs were extensor tendon synovitis and tenderness at the distal border of the extensor retinaculum, provoked by wrist hyperextension. Ten cadaveric wrists were dissected and examined to evaluate anatomical factors that may contribute to extensor retinaculum impingement. Two athletes (2 wrists) were treated with corticosteroid injections. Five patients (6 wrists) were treated operatively, with pathologic findings of thickening of the distal border of the extensor retinaculum and concomitant extensor tendon synovial thickening or, in 1 patient, tendon rupture. Partial distal resection of the extensor retinaculum was performed to eliminate impingement. All patients had complete relief of pain and full return to sport. Competitive sports that require repetitive wrist extension with an axial load predispose the athlete to extensor retinaculum impingement. Athletes with dorsal wrist pain and tenosynovial thickening worsened with wrist hyperextension should be considered for the diagnosis of extensor retinaculum impingement. When nonoperative management fails, surgical resection of the distal impinging border of the extensor retinaculum can eliminate pain and can still allow athletes to return to sport without diminishing the opportunity for significant athletic accomplishments.

Research paper thumbnail of Dorsal carpal dislocation and flexor tendon rupture in rheumatoid arthritis: A case report

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1984

A unique case of dorsal carpal dislocation of a rheumatoid wrist with an unusual pattern of flexo... more A unique case of dorsal carpal dislocation of a rheumatoid wrist with an unusual pattern of flexor tendon rupture and median nerve compression is reported. The carpus was relocated and fused to the radius. The distal ulna was resected. Grafting and adjacent suturing of the tendons restored function, but late follow-up showed development of secondary deformities.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of systeme international measurements

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Bilateral unicameral bone cysts in the hamate bones

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Sensibility deficiencies in the hands of children with spastic hemiplegia

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1993

We evaluated 40 children with spastic hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy for sensory function and r... more We evaluated 40 children with spastic hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy for sensory function and relative limb size in the affected and unaffected upper extremities. Sensory function of each limb was evaluated with respect to stereognosis (12 objects), two-point discrimination, and proprioception. Four size measurements of each limb were made: arm and forearm circumference and forearm and forearm-hand length. This study showed that 97% of the spastic limbs had a stereognosis deficit, 90% had a two-point discrimination deficit, and 46% had a proprioception deficit. Thus sensory deficits are the rule rather than the exception in children with spastic hemiplegia. Those children with severe stereognosis deficits had significantly smaller limbs in all four measurement parameters than the children with mild or moderate stereognosis deficits. In the preoperative evaluation of children with spastic hemiplegia, severe size discrepancy is a physical examination tool that can be used as a predictor of severe sensory deficits. This information is helpful for the hand surgeon in establishing realistic surgical goals.

Research paper thumbnail of Rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction of the upper limb in tetraplegia: An update

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1992

1. J Hand Surg Am. 1992 Sep;17(5):964-7. Rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction of the upper ... more 1. J Hand Surg Am. 1992 Sep;17(5):964-7. Rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction of the upper limb in tetraplegia: an update. Hentz VR, House J, McDowell C, Moberg E. Department of Functional Restoration, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Third International conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the upper limb in tetraplegia (quadriplegia)

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 1989