Chris Arger | Seattle Pacific University (original) (raw)

Papers by Chris Arger

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the utility of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire and cigarette purchase task for predicting acute relative reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes varying in nicotine content

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Apr 1, 2019

Background: Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking tha... more Background: Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking that subsequently leads to morbidity and mortality. Methods for assessing the abuse liability of cigarettes are essential to inform new tobacco product standards. This secondary analysis

Research paper thumbnail of Decisional Balance of Current and Change Behavior Forms

Research paper thumbnail of Trait and State Negative Emotionality As Predictors of Depressogenic Cognitive Responses to Induced Stress

Research paper thumbnail of The Utility of a Developmentally Based Quadrant Classification Model of Co-occurring Substance Use and Depressed Mood in Adolescents

Journal of Dual Diagnosis, Jul 1, 2011

Objective: This article investigates the utility of the quadrant classification of co-occurring s... more Objective: This article investigates the utility of the quadrant classification of co-occurring substance use and depressed mood in adolescents. The addition of developmentally risky but diagnostically subthreshold symptoms was hypothesized to improve the utility of co-...

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling motivation three ways: Effects of MI metrics on treatment outcomes among adolescents

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine how three different measures of motivation (cognitive ... more The purpose of this study was to determine how three different measures of motivation (cognitive motivation, taking steps, and self-efficacy for change and maintenance) predict substance use outcomes after engaging in a Motivational Interviewing intervention. Participants were 225 high school students enrolled in Project Reducing the Effects of Alcohol and Drugs on Youth (Project READY), a NIDAfunded intervention initially developed with Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles for adolescents identified by schools as having problems with alcohol or other drug use. We measured motivation at multiple time points during the intervention in multiple methods. Cognitive motivation was assessed using a Decisional Balance matrix at Session 3 of treatment. We measured self-efficacy with the Situational Confidence Questionnaire, administered at 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-week follow-ups. A measure of taking steps (SOCRATES, v. 8) was administered at intake and Session 8. We hypothesized that motivation would follow the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) pathway, and we proposed a model where cognitive motivation would predict self-confidence for change and taking steps toward change, and self-confidence and taking steps would predict substance use outcomes. We tested our model using path analysis in AMOS and found support for a motivational continuum predicting percent days abstinent at 16-week follow-up [ 2 ϭ 2.75, df ϭ 7, p ϭ .90, CFI ϭ 1, RMSEA (90% confidence interval) ϭ .00 Ϫ .03]. This model demonstrates that motivational metrics predict unique outcomes at different time points and serve as important components of intervention.

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of Motivational Incentives for Adolescent Marijuana Users in a School-Based Intervention

Journal of substance abuse treatment, Jan 18, 2015

This study examined whether adolescents receiving Motivational Interviewing (MI) intervention hav... more This study examined whether adolescents receiving Motivational Interviewing (MI) intervention have different outcomes compared to those receiving Motivational Incentives (Motivational Interviewing combined with Contingency Management; MI+CM). A total of 136 adolescents (from a parent study of 220 adolescents) with problematic substance use were recruited from 8 high schools in Washington State, where they completed either 8-weeks of MI or MI+CM. Frequency of marijuana use was assessed at baseline, at the end-of-treatment, and at 16-week follow-up. A balanced and matched sample was created using propensity scores, then analyzed using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). Multilevel regression analyses revealed that adolescents who received MI+CM exhibited a greater reduction in use across time (p<.05). Reductions at the end-of-treatment were greater for the MI+CM condition (Cohen's d=-.82) compared to MI alone (Cohen's d=-.33), but did not differ at 16-week follow-up. Adoles...

Research paper thumbnail of Decisional Balance of Current and Change Behavior Forms

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanisms of Alcohol Use Disorder Severity in Adolescents with Co-occurring Depressive Symptoms: Findings from a School-Based Substance Use Intervention

School Mental Health, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Trait and State Negative Emotionality As Predictors of Depressogenic Cognitive Responses to Induced Stress

Research paper thumbnail of Pathways to Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults: Examining Affective, Self-Regulatory, and Cognitive Vulnerability Factors

Psychological Reports, 2012

Recent models of depression (e.g., from Hyde and colleagues) have integrated affective and cognit... more Recent models of depression (e.g., from Hyde and colleagues) have integrated affective and cognitive vulnerability factors, positing that a temperamental factor (i.e., negative emotionality) contributes to the development of cognitive vulnerability factors, which in turn conveys risk for depressive symptoms. Recent literature suggests that effortful control may reduce the strength of the relationship between affective and cognitive factors. However, few studies have examined the different cognitive vulnerability factors (cognitive style, brooding, and stress-reactive rumination) through which negative emotionality contributes to depressive symptoms, or how effortful control may influence these paths. 315 young adults (72% women, M age = 20.7 yr., SD = 1.4) answered psychometric measures of temperament factors (negative emotionality and effortful control), and three cognitive vulnerability factors (cognitive style, brooding, stress-reactive rumination), and depressive symptoms. Two h...

Research paper thumbnail of The Utility of a Developmentally Based Quadrant Classification Model of Co-occurring Substance Use and Depressed Mood in Adolescents

Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2011

Objective: This article investigates the utility of the quadrant classification of co-occurring s... more Objective: This article investigates the utility of the quadrant classification of co-occurring substance use and depressed mood in adolescents. The addition of developmentally risky but diagnostically subthreshold symptoms was hypothesized to improve the utility of co-...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the utility of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire and cigarette purchase task for predicting acute relative reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes varying in nicotine content

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2019

Background: Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking tha... more Background: Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking that subsequently leads to morbidity and mortality. Methods for assessing the abuse liability of cigarettes are essential to inform new tobacco product standards. This secondary analysis

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling Motivation Three Ways: Effects of MI Metrics on Treatment Outcomes Among Adolescents

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine how three different measures of motivation (cognitive ... more The purpose of this study was to determine how three different measures of motivation (cognitive motivation, taking steps, and self-efficacy for change and maintenance) predict substance use outcomes after engaging in a Motivational Interviewing intervention. Participants were 225 high school students enrolled in Project Reducing the Effects of Alcohol and Drugs on Youth (Project READY), a NIDAfunded intervention initially developed with Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles for adolescents identified by schools as having problems with alcohol or other drug use. We measured motivation at multiple time points during the intervention in multiple methods. Cognitive motivation was assessed using a Decisional Balance matrix at Session 3 of treatment. We measured self-efficacy with the Situational Confidence Questionnaire, administered at 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-week follow-ups. A measure of taking steps (SOCRATES, v. 8) was administered at intake and Session 8. We hypothesized that motivation would follow the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) pathway, and we proposed a model where cognitive motivation would predict self-confidence for change and taking steps toward change, and self-confidence and taking steps would predict substance use outcomes. We tested our model using path analysis in AMOS and found support for a motivational continuum predicting percent days abstinent at 16-week follow-up [ 2 ϭ 2.75, df ϭ 7, p ϭ .90, CFI ϭ 1, RMSEA (90% confidence interval) ϭ .00 Ϫ .03]. This model demonstrates that motivational metrics predict unique outcomes at different time points and serve as important components of intervention.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the utility of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire and cigarette purchase task for predicting acute relative reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes varying in nicotine content

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Apr 1, 2019

Background: Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking tha... more Background: Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking that subsequently leads to morbidity and mortality. Methods for assessing the abuse liability of cigarettes are essential to inform new tobacco product standards. This secondary analysis

Research paper thumbnail of Decisional Balance of Current and Change Behavior Forms

Research paper thumbnail of Trait and State Negative Emotionality As Predictors of Depressogenic Cognitive Responses to Induced Stress

Research paper thumbnail of The Utility of a Developmentally Based Quadrant Classification Model of Co-occurring Substance Use and Depressed Mood in Adolescents

Journal of Dual Diagnosis, Jul 1, 2011

Objective: This article investigates the utility of the quadrant classification of co-occurring s... more Objective: This article investigates the utility of the quadrant classification of co-occurring substance use and depressed mood in adolescents. The addition of developmentally risky but diagnostically subthreshold symptoms was hypothesized to improve the utility of co-...

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling motivation three ways: Effects of MI metrics on treatment outcomes among adolescents

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine how three different measures of motivation (cognitive ... more The purpose of this study was to determine how three different measures of motivation (cognitive motivation, taking steps, and self-efficacy for change and maintenance) predict substance use outcomes after engaging in a Motivational Interviewing intervention. Participants were 225 high school students enrolled in Project Reducing the Effects of Alcohol and Drugs on Youth (Project READY), a NIDAfunded intervention initially developed with Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles for adolescents identified by schools as having problems with alcohol or other drug use. We measured motivation at multiple time points during the intervention in multiple methods. Cognitive motivation was assessed using a Decisional Balance matrix at Session 3 of treatment. We measured self-efficacy with the Situational Confidence Questionnaire, administered at 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-week follow-ups. A measure of taking steps (SOCRATES, v. 8) was administered at intake and Session 8. We hypothesized that motivation would follow the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) pathway, and we proposed a model where cognitive motivation would predict self-confidence for change and taking steps toward change, and self-confidence and taking steps would predict substance use outcomes. We tested our model using path analysis in AMOS and found support for a motivational continuum predicting percent days abstinent at 16-week follow-up [ 2 ϭ 2.75, df ϭ 7, p ϭ .90, CFI ϭ 1, RMSEA (90% confidence interval) ϭ .00 Ϫ .03]. This model demonstrates that motivational metrics predict unique outcomes at different time points and serve as important components of intervention.

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of Motivational Incentives for Adolescent Marijuana Users in a School-Based Intervention

Journal of substance abuse treatment, Jan 18, 2015

This study examined whether adolescents receiving Motivational Interviewing (MI) intervention hav... more This study examined whether adolescents receiving Motivational Interviewing (MI) intervention have different outcomes compared to those receiving Motivational Incentives (Motivational Interviewing combined with Contingency Management; MI+CM). A total of 136 adolescents (from a parent study of 220 adolescents) with problematic substance use were recruited from 8 high schools in Washington State, where they completed either 8-weeks of MI or MI+CM. Frequency of marijuana use was assessed at baseline, at the end-of-treatment, and at 16-week follow-up. A balanced and matched sample was created using propensity scores, then analyzed using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). Multilevel regression analyses revealed that adolescents who received MI+CM exhibited a greater reduction in use across time (p<.05). Reductions at the end-of-treatment were greater for the MI+CM condition (Cohen's d=-.82) compared to MI alone (Cohen's d=-.33), but did not differ at 16-week follow-up. Adoles...

Research paper thumbnail of Decisional Balance of Current and Change Behavior Forms

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanisms of Alcohol Use Disorder Severity in Adolescents with Co-occurring Depressive Symptoms: Findings from a School-Based Substance Use Intervention

School Mental Health, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Trait and State Negative Emotionality As Predictors of Depressogenic Cognitive Responses to Induced Stress

Research paper thumbnail of Pathways to Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults: Examining Affective, Self-Regulatory, and Cognitive Vulnerability Factors

Psychological Reports, 2012

Recent models of depression (e.g., from Hyde and colleagues) have integrated affective and cognit... more Recent models of depression (e.g., from Hyde and colleagues) have integrated affective and cognitive vulnerability factors, positing that a temperamental factor (i.e., negative emotionality) contributes to the development of cognitive vulnerability factors, which in turn conveys risk for depressive symptoms. Recent literature suggests that effortful control may reduce the strength of the relationship between affective and cognitive factors. However, few studies have examined the different cognitive vulnerability factors (cognitive style, brooding, and stress-reactive rumination) through which negative emotionality contributes to depressive symptoms, or how effortful control may influence these paths. 315 young adults (72% women, M age = 20.7 yr., SD = 1.4) answered psychometric measures of temperament factors (negative emotionality and effortful control), and three cognitive vulnerability factors (cognitive style, brooding, stress-reactive rumination), and depressive symptoms. Two h...

Research paper thumbnail of The Utility of a Developmentally Based Quadrant Classification Model of Co-occurring Substance Use and Depressed Mood in Adolescents

Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2011

Objective: This article investigates the utility of the quadrant classification of co-occurring s... more Objective: This article investigates the utility of the quadrant classification of co-occurring substance use and depressed mood in adolescents. The addition of developmentally risky but diagnostically subthreshold symptoms was hypothesized to improve the utility of co-...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the utility of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire and cigarette purchase task for predicting acute relative reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes varying in nicotine content

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2019

Background: Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking tha... more Background: Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking that subsequently leads to morbidity and mortality. Methods for assessing the abuse liability of cigarettes are essential to inform new tobacco product standards. This secondary analysis

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling Motivation Three Ways: Effects of MI Metrics on Treatment Outcomes Among Adolescents

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine how three different measures of motivation (cognitive ... more The purpose of this study was to determine how three different measures of motivation (cognitive motivation, taking steps, and self-efficacy for change and maintenance) predict substance use outcomes after engaging in a Motivational Interviewing intervention. Participants were 225 high school students enrolled in Project Reducing the Effects of Alcohol and Drugs on Youth (Project READY), a NIDAfunded intervention initially developed with Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles for adolescents identified by schools as having problems with alcohol or other drug use. We measured motivation at multiple time points during the intervention in multiple methods. Cognitive motivation was assessed using a Decisional Balance matrix at Session 3 of treatment. We measured self-efficacy with the Situational Confidence Questionnaire, administered at 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-week follow-ups. A measure of taking steps (SOCRATES, v. 8) was administered at intake and Session 8. We hypothesized that motivation would follow the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) pathway, and we proposed a model where cognitive motivation would predict self-confidence for change and taking steps toward change, and self-confidence and taking steps would predict substance use outcomes. We tested our model using path analysis in AMOS and found support for a motivational continuum predicting percent days abstinent at 16-week follow-up [ 2 ϭ 2.75, df ϭ 7, p ϭ .90, CFI ϭ 1, RMSEA (90% confidence interval) ϭ .00 Ϫ .03]. This model demonstrates that motivational metrics predict unique outcomes at different time points and serve as important components of intervention.