Hani El-Zaiat - Sultan Qaboos University (original) (raw)

Teaching Documents by Hani El-Zaiat

Effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) on suppressing the negative performance responses in early l... more Effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) on suppressing the negative performance responses in early lactation period of Holstein dairy cows were investigated. Three hundred multiparous Holstein cows (647 AE 16 kg bodyweight and 90 days in milk (DIM)) were randomly housed into three free-stall barns (100 cows per barn) and assigned to the treatments for 90 days, as follows: (1) control (CTL) diet without RPF; (2) calcium salt of palm fatty acids (CaFA) 30 g/kg DM, and (3) fractionated fatty acids of palm oil (FFA) 25 g/kg DM. Cows were fed total mixed ration containing 580 g of concentrate and 420 g of roughage per kilogram DM. Cows fed FFA exhibited a higher (P < 0.05) DM intake and body condition score than did those fed CaFA or CTL diets respectively. Moreover, cows fed the FFA diet showed decreased (P < 0.05) changes to bodyweight at 30 DIM and to body condition score at 60 DIM and increased digestibility of ether extract and neutral detergent fibre. Blood concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed FFA diet than for those fed the other diets, between 4 and 30 DIM, whereas concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, b-hydroxybutyric acid and urine ketones were lower for cows fed RPF sources (P < 0.05). Relative to CTL diet, CaFA and FFA diets increased (P < 0.05) milk yield and milk fat content at 4-30 DIM. Feeding FFA improved feed efficiency by 8.9% (P = 0.006), between 31 and 60 DIM, compared with CaFA. Inclusion of a palmitic acid-enriched fat supplement in Holstein cow diet increased milk yield and fat content and mitigated the deleterious effects of metabolic disorders during the early lactation period.

As the utilisation of forages by ruminants depends on microbial fermentative digestion, the princ... more As the utilisation of forages by ruminants depends on microbial fermentative digestion, the principles of digestion in the rumen are discussed as a framework to view the requirements for biotechnology innovations in nutrition.

Para o criador aumentar a produção do seu rebanho basicamente há duas saídas: aumentar as despesa... more Para o criador aumentar a produção do seu rebanho basicamente há duas saídas: aumentar as despesas ou melhorar a eficiência. Embora muitas vezes estes dois fatores caminhem juntos, é possível obter eficiência trabalhando sobre as seguintes áreas:

Papers by Hani El-Zaiat

Effect of different tannin sources and (or) levels on growth performance and rumen pH of lambs

Effect of liquid feed supplementation on poor quality roughages utilization

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019

Twenty Barki goats were used for evaluating the effects of oral administration of Selenium Yeast ... more Twenty Barki goats were used for evaluating the effects of oral administration of Selenium Yeast Plus vitamin E (SYPE) on rumen fermentation, milk production, feed digestibility, blood parameters and resistance to parasites. Goats were randomly divided into two groups of ten animals, control group without any treatment and treated group with 100 mg of SYPE between days 14 prepartum and 49 postpartum. Rumen fluid and faecal and blood samples were collected on days 7, 21, 35, and 49 after kidding, milk yield was determined biweekly. During the last week of the experiment, daily fresh faecal grab samples were obtained from each animal. Feed and faeces Acid Insoluble Ash (AIA) contents were used as an internal marker to estimate the apparent digestibility coefficients. Administration of SYPE enhanced (P≤ 0.001) total Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) production especially propionic acid compared to the control. Ammonia N concentration was lower (P≤ 0.036) for SYPE than for the control. Hi...

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, Aug 30, 2019

Animal Biotechnology, 2020

The assay aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding a recently developed phytogenic feed additives ... more The assay aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding a recently developed phytogenic feed additives mixture in diets of lactating Friesian cows (n ¼ 30; 514 ± 10.1 kg body weight) for 3 months. Cows were stratified into three groups of 10 cows each and fed a control diet alone or the control diet supplemented with the additives mixture at 3 g (PHY3) or 6 g (PHY6)/cow daily. Menthol, levomenthol, b-linaloolm, anethole, hexadecanoic acid and pmenthane were the principle compounds identified in the additives mixture. The PHY3 increased (p < 0.01) intake and nutrient digestibility. PHY3 and PHY6 increased (p < 0.01) ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids, propionate and acetate. PHY3 and PHY6 improved serum total protein and antioxidant capacity and decreased the concentrations of serum urea-N, triglycerides, total lipids, cholesterol and malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). PHY3 increased milk production and milk content of total solids, protein, lactose and fat. Both PHY3 and PHY6 did not affect mineral concentrations in blood or milk. It is concluded that the inclusion of 3 g/cow/d of feed additives mixture in the lactating Friesian cows diet enhanced milk production and feed utilization, with negative effects observed with increasing the dose of additives mixture to 6 g/cow daily.

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 2018

ffect of rumen-protected lysine in the form of Hydroxyl methyl lysine (HML) on average daily gain... more ffect of rumen-protected lysine in the form of Hydroxyl methyl lysine (HML) on average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance blood metabolites, were evaluated in two experiments using growing Barki lambs. In first experiment, fifteen lambs were housed individually and assigned into three equal groups fed on basal diet (no lysine-control), free lysine (positive control, F-LYS) and protected lysine (P-LYS) equivalent to 3 g/d of lysine. The experiment lasted for 10 week to evaluate feed intake, ADG and blood metabolites. No effect (P>0.05) of treatment on ADG, DMI and feed efficiency was observed. Whereas, treatment × time interaction tendency (P=0.07) as showed an increased in ADG as lysine supplemented as P-LYS compared to F-LYS (P=0.05) and control (P<0.05) at the last 2 weeks. No effect (P>0.05) of treatment was observed on serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glob), urea, glucose (G), cholesterol (CH) and triglycerides (TG) concentrations. However, treatment × time interaction (P=0.06) tendency existed as P-LYS increased (P<0.05) TP, Alb and Glob only at wk. 2 and reduced (P<0.05) serum urea only at the last 2 weeks. Further, no treatment effect (P>0.05) was found on rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N), pH and protozoa numbers. In Exp.2, (digestibility trial), twelve lambs from Exp.1 were kept in metabolic cages and received their respective treatments for 7 days as collection period. No response (P>0.05) to P-LYS supplementation was observed on nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) compared to F-LYS and control. A tendency (P=0.09) for treatment on nitrogen balance (NB) and retained nitrogen (RN, P=0.06) was found. P-LYS increased (P=0.05) NB to 7.1±0.14 vs. 4.8±0.3g/d and RN (P<0.05) from 37.9 vs. 25.59% in the control. However, P-LYS did not improve lambs performance under the basal diet fed that might have not been deficient enough in LYS amino acid, the improved ADG and decreased plasma urea at the last two weeks along with the slight improvement in NB and RN indicates the P-LYS has a potential under specific feeding regimes.

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2019

This study aimed at elucidating effects of replacing sorghum with blue panic (BP) on total dry ma... more This study aimed at elucidating effects of replacing sorghum with blue panic (BP) on total dry matter intake (TDMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), apparent nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical constituents, rumen fermentation patterns and economic feasibility of Barky male lambs. Fifteen lambs (av. BW, 22.5 ± 1.6 kg) were randomly allotted into 3 treatments (n = 5/group). Control lambs were given a diet of concentrate mixture (CM) plus sorghum (S), BP 50% lambs were given a diet of CM plus (S: PB 1:1) and BP 100% lambs were given CM plus PB. The experiment lasted for 54 days. At the last week of the experiment, the apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were determined using lignin contents of feeds and faeces as an internal marker. Blood samples were collected at weeks 3, 5 and 7 to determine serum biochemical parameters. Results showed that TDMI significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by diet, whereas ADG was not affected. Mean FCR values were 5.67, 5.46 and 5.86 for control, BP 50% and BP 100% , respectively. Neither nutrients digestibility nor ruminal fermentation parameters were affected (P > 0.05) by total replacement of sorghum with BP. Likewise, none of the serum biochemical constituents were different in BP than in control lambs. This study concluded that BP grass would be considered as one of the promising tropical green forages in the arid regions as an alternative feedstuff in case of shortage of green fodders.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

exploring new alternative sources of feedstuffs can contribute to animal production sustainabilit... more exploring new alternative sources of feedstuffs can contribute to animal production sustainability in some Mediterranean regions in order to overcome the rising food demand. The influence of dietary replacement of wheat straw (ws) with orange waste silage (ows) on nutrient intakes, apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood biochemical constituents and milk production of dairy goats were evaluated. forty pregnant goats (46.30±1.6 kg Bw) were housed in individual pens in a completely randomized design and fed (ad libitum) a tmr for 75 days period. goats were assigned to four experimental diets with the forage amounts consisting of either ws as a control diet (1000 g ws/kg dm in the tmr), a 50:50 mixture of both ws and ows (500 g ws and 500 g ows/kg dm in the tmr), an orange waste silage (1000 g ows/kg dm in the tmr) or corn silage as a positive control (1000 g cs/kg dm in the tmr). the dmI increased linearly (p<0.01), while fiber fractions intake decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing of OWS in the diet. Ruminal pH was increased quadratically (P<0.01), whereas NH 3-n concentration and total protozoa abundance decreased quadratically (p<0.01) with increasing ows in the diet. ruminal acetate content was increased linearly (p = 0.012) by diet; whereas linear effects were observed on propionate and butyrate proportions (p<0.01) as OWS amount increased. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) levels decreased linearly (P<0.01) with ascending amounts of OWS. Serum glucose, BUN, NEFA and BHBA levels were lower (P<0.01) for goats fed the OWS diet than those fed the CS diet. Milk yield and milk nitrogen efficiency were linearly increased (p<0.01), whereas quadratic effects (p = 0.049) were observed on milk urea nitrogen content with increasing dietary ows. In conclusion, the replacement of ws with ows enhanced rumen fermentation and milk yield of late pregnant and early lactation Barki goats.

This experiment was carried out to establish the response of increasing levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 ... more This experiment was carried out to establish the response of increasing levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 μl/75 mL) of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil supplemented to (50:50) forage: concentrate diet for gas production (GP), methanogenic potential, ruminal fermentation parameters and degradability using semi-automatic system for GP in 24h incubation. Monensin was used as positive control. The results showed that moderate levels of the patchouli supplementations have not significant differences in the gas production, methane production or pH compared with the basal control diet but tended (P=0.3493) to increase the truly degraded organic matter (TDOM), whereas monensin decrease (P<0.05) the gas production and methane production significantly and there was no effect (P>0.05) on TDOM compared with the basal control diet. A similarity reduction (P<0.05) in ammonia concentrations and protozoa count was observed with all levels of the patchouli essential oil supplementation an...

Utilization of blue panic (Panicum antidotale) as an alternative feed resource for feeding Barky sheep in arid regions, 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 10 weeks supplementation of Quebracho tann... more This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 10 weeks supplementation of
Quebracho tannins (QT; 0 [control], 100 [QT 100 ] or 200 g/[cow·d] [QT 200 ]) to 30
multiparous postpartum buffalo cows (10 cows per group) on milk yield and
composition, blood metabolites and reproductive performance. Supplementation of
QT 100 had no significant effect on milk yield, whereas QT 200 decreased (P < 0.05)
this trait. Compared with the control group, both QT levels decreased (P < 0.05) fat-
corrected milk (FCM) yield, but no significant effects were found on percentages of
milk fat and protein. Contrariwise, yields of milk fat, lactose and milk protein
were decreased (P < 0.05) when QT 200 was supplemented. The solids nonfat (SNF)
percentage and yield were decreased (P < 0.05) with QT 100 supplementation.
Moreover, QT tended to numerically reduce total number of ovarian follicles,
number of small follicles, peripheral progesterone concentration and conception
rate. Supplementation of QT 200 numerically increased number of large follicles,
mean diameter of large follicle, number and diameters of corpora lutea. The
inclusion of QT 200 shortened days open (DO) and decreased number of services per
conception. Contrariwise, QT did not show significant effects on serum total
protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations.
Supplementation of QT 100 caused an increase (P < 0.05) of serum urea compared
with that in control and QT200 groups. Generally, QT decreased (P < 0.05) serum
creatinine concentration. Therefore, the supplementation of a commercial QT to early
lactating Egyptian buffalo cows displayed negative consequences on their productive
and reproductive performances.

BACKGROUND: In Experiment 1 we studied the effect of malic acid addition at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg g −1... more BACKGROUND: In Experiment 1 we studied the effect of malic acid addition at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg g −1 dry matter (DM) feed on in vitro ruminal fermentation. In Experiment 2, the effect of supplementing malic acid on feed intake, digestion and milk production and composition of lactating cows was studied. 200 multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to two treatments: a basal diet containing concentrate and roughage at 58:42, respectively, with no additive (control treatment) or supplemented with malic acid at 30 g per cow daily (malic treatment).

Effect of different tannin sources and (or) levels on growth performance and rumen pH of lambs

Effect of liquid feed supplementation on poor quality roughages utilization

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, Aug 30, 2019

Animal Biotechnology, 2020

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 2018

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2019

Utilization of blue panic (Panicum antidotale) as an alternative feed resource for feeding Barky sheep in arid regions, 2019

Impact of humic acid (HA) on ruminal fermentation characteristics, blood parameters and milk yiel... more Impact of humic acid (HA) on ruminal fermentation characteristics, blood parameters and milk yield in goats and growth rate of their kids was determined. Twenty late pregnant Barki goats (45.4 ± 1.5 kg body weight) were allocated into two treatments (10 goats per treatment), housed individually in closed pens (one goat per pen) and fed a total mixed ration (TMR) twice a day. The TMR was composed of 400 g roughage and 600 g concentrate mixture. Goats were fed either TMR without HA (control diet, CTL) or orally drenched with HA at a dose of 2 g · d -1 per goat (HA diet) for 14 days prepartum and 56 days postpartum. The results revealed that HA increased ruminal pH, acetate and propionate proportions, while ammonia concentration and protozoa number were decreased. Administration of HA reduced daily dry matter intake and total faecal egg count. Animals treated with HA were characterised with increased blood total protein, globulin and glucose levels, while reduced blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, non-esterified free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were stated. Milk, fat, lactose and protein yields increased, while milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell count decreased with HA treatment. Milk fat and protein contents were increased for goats treated with HA. Kids reared by goats treated with HA had increased body weight and 31% greater daily weight gain than CTL ones. So, HA could be efficiently used as a promising organic additive to modulate ruminal fermentation pattern. Administration of HA improved milk yield and its quality in goats, and also growth rate of their kids with no adverse effects on animal health.

A B S T R A C T This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing cracked maize with ... more A B S T R A C T This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing cracked maize with increasing levels of sugar beet pulp (SBP) on nutrients digestibility, blood biochemical and rumen fermentation constituents and animal performance of growing Egyptian buffalo calves. Forty male Egyptian buffalo calves (237.2 ± 24.46 kg of initial body weight, IBW) were allocated into a completely randomized design and stratified to one of four experimental diets. The basal diet was isonitrogenous (40:60 forage: concentrate) and was formulated to contain 60% of dietary DM cracked maize replaced by ascending levels of SBP (0, 333, 667, and 1000 g/kg respectively). The study lasted for a period of 143 days from which 21 days for adaptation while the remaining 122 days were used for data collection. Increasing the level of SBP resulted in a quadratic increase (P = 0.017) in the average daily gain (ADG) with a linear tendency of increase (P = 0.064) in dietary dry matter intake. A quadratic decrease of feed conversion ratio (FCR, P = 0.005) was observed with the ascending levels of SBP. In addition, the daily intake of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber assayed with heat stable α-amylase and corrected for ash (aNDFom), acid detergent fiber corrected for ash (ADFom) were quadratically (P < 0.01) improved upon increasing the dietary SBP level while the daily intake and digestibility of ether extract were declined linearly (P < 0.01). Replacing SBP for maize resulted in linear increase (P < 0.01) in OM, aNDFom, cellulose and hemicellulose digestibility coefficients. Ruminal pH, total short chain fatty acids, proportions of acetate (C2) and butyrate were increased linearly (P < 0.05). In contrast, the proportions of propionate (C3) and isobutyrate were decreased linearly (P < 0.05) upon increasing the levels of SBP. In addition, the C2:C3 ratio and total protozoa were linearly (P < 0.01) increased while the ruminal NH 3-N concentration was quadratically (P = 0.046) increased as SBP replaced maize in the diet. Furthermore, upon increasing the dietary SBP levels, the blood urea-N, cortisol and thyroxin (T4) concentrations were quadratically elevated (P < 0.01). Conversely, linear decreases in creatinine, (P = 0.027) and

Carvacrol (CAR) and eugenol (EUG) were used as natural alternatives modifiers of rumen microbial ... more Carvacrol (CAR) and eugenol (EUG) were used as natural alternatives modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation, and methane production in vitro using semi-automatic gas production system for 24 h incubation. The substrates, 500 mg of Tifton hay plus concentrate (50:50 w/w) were incubated with rumen inoculum (25 mL) and 50 mL buffer with no additives (control) or the treatments monensin (MON) (3 µM/75 ml of culture fluid) as positive control, CAR and EUG at [(5, 10 and 20) and (10, 20 and 30) µl /75 ml of culture fluid)], respectively. The results indicated that both CAR and EUG at 10 and 20 µl/75 ml of culture fluid respectively presented similarity in rumen total gas production (GP), CH 4 and the truly degraded organic matter (TDOM) when compared to MON. Monensin showed the highest (P< 0.0001) molar proportion of propionate and the lowest (P< 0.0001) acetate: propionate ratio compared with all the treatments whereas all the tested essential oils increased (P<0.0001) the molar proportion of butyrate. Although the highest dose of CAR (20 µl) presented the lowest (P< 0.0001) CH 4 production, this reduction was associated with reduction of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, which reflected general fermentation inhibition. All treatments decrease (P< 0.0001) protozoa count compared with the control and there were found no significant differences (P>0.05) in pH and ammonia (NH 3 ) concentration. These results suggested that both of CAR and EUG in moderate levels could be also used as natural modifiers of rumen fermentation to decrease CH 4 emission, but in a different mode of action than monensin.

Effect of two types of Brazilian propolis extracts on rumen gas and methane production and truly degradability in vitro

ABSTRACT Six rumen cannulated Santa Inês weathers grazing on tropical grass pasture and supplemen... more ABSTRACT Six rumen cannulated Santa Inês weathers grazing on tropical grass pasture and supplemented with ground corn and soybean were used as donors for ruminal inoculums to evaluate two types of propolis green (BGP) and alamo (BAP) collected from different locations in Brazil. These propolis were evaluated for their effect on rumen gas production (GP), methane production (CH4) and degradability in vitro using the semi automatic system of gas production. The crude propolis samples were extracted by ethanol 70%. Three doses of the green and alamo proplis at [0 (control), 125, 250, 500 µg/75 ml culture fluid] and monensin (MON) was used as positive control at (3 µM/75 ml of culture fluid) were supplemented to half gram of the experimental diet (Tifton hay plus concentrate) (50:50 w/w). The results of the current study showed that monensin, BGP250 μg and all levels of BAP presented a similar reduction on rumen methane production without negative effect on the rumen gas production and the truly degraded dry matter (TDDM) or truly degraded organic matter (TDOM) in vitro while when ranking the treatments for their CH4 inhibition, MON was the highest value (43.8%) followed by BAP125 and BAP250 (22.4 and 18.2%) respectively. These results suggested that propolis may be promising methane mitigation agents without negative effect on the dry and organic matter degradability thus it could be used as natural alternative for monensin for ruminants diets but the antimethanogenic activity of propolis could be affected by the location of propolis collection therefore more studies are needed to confirm such these effects in vitro and in vivo and to assess the main active components of propolis to explain its mode of action.

Effect of substitution soybean meal by Crambe cake (Crambe abyssinica) in sheep diet on gas and methane production in vitro

ABSTRACT The substitution of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake was evaluated in vitro for gas a... more ABSTRACT The substitution of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake was evaluated in vitro for gas and methane production, using four adult cannulated Santa Inês wethers as inoculum donor, grazing tropical grass pasture (Brachiaria decumbens and Pennisetum purpureum) and supplemented with 30% grass hay and 70% concentrate containing increasing levels of substitution (0 %, 22 %, 44 % and 64 %) of Crambe cake. The gas production bottles were content substrate (500mg), inoculum (25mL) and nutrient solutions (50mL) and incubated for 24 hours .The pressure reading is made at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours of incubation. The results showed a decrease in total gas production in 24 hours (TGP 24h), total gas production expressed as dray matter (DM) (TGP mL / g DM), methane production in 24 hours (CH 4 24h) and methane production expressed as DM (CH 4 mL / g DM) without changing the in truly degradability of DM (TDDM) and truly degradability of organic matter (TDOM). The replacement of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake protein decreases significantly (P &lt;0.05) gas and CH 4 production without negative effect on the degradability of DM and OM.