ANBAZAHAN 1991 | SRM UNIVERSITY (original) (raw)

Papers by ANBAZAHAN 1991

A B S T R A C T Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an evolutionary conserved detoxification enzyme and... more A B S T R A C T Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an evolutionary conserved detoxification enzyme and powerful antioxidant which defends against the elevated ROS that are induced by various stresses. Arthrospira platensis (Ap) is known for its antioxidant-mediated immunostimulant properties, but there is no report on the SOD dependent anti-oxidant mechanism. Therefore, in this study, we have analysed the effect of H 2 O 2 on growth and pigment composition in spirulina. Results showed that spirulina exposed to 10 mM H 2 O 2 showed elevated growth pattern as well as increase in chlorophyll pigment composition especially during early days of exposure. Gene expression results showed that the expression profile of ApSOD during oxidative stress stimulated by 10 mM H 2 O 2 at different time intervals (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) with highest expression on day 10 post-exposure. Together, the results confirmed the antioxidant role of ApSOD in spirulina during oxidative stress induced by H 2 O 2. Based on the amino acid arrangement and composition, we have predicted a short peptide 160 LGLDVWEHAYYL 171 (LL12) from the catalytic centre of C-terminal SOD domain; further the peptide was synthesized. Antioxidant assays showed that LL12 peptide critically involved in radical scavenging mechanism. Also, LL12 peptide reduced the intracellular ROS level in H 2 O 2 exposed leucocytes at a concentration of 12.5 μM. Cytotoxicity assay was performed on human leucocytes which showed that LL12 did not exhibit any cytotoxic activity against any of the leucocytes population. Overall, the study highlights the radical scavenging property of a novel short peptide derived from the C-terminal domain of ApSOD which have the potential to develop as a biopharmaceutical drug.

To gain genetic insights into the protein-rich microalga, the transcriptome of Arthrospira platen... more To gain genetic insights into the protein-rich microalga, the transcriptome of Arthrospira platensis was sequenced using Illumina technology and de novo assembly was carried out. A total of 6023 transcripts were present in the transcriptome among which 4616 transcripts were annotated with specific functions. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the genes are mainly involved in three major functions such as biological (16.19%), cellular (41.47%) and molecular (42.34%) processes. Pathway analysis indicated that majority of genes are involved in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism which is depicting the protein-rich nature of spirulina. Other major pathways involved are carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of co-factors and vitamins, antioxidant mechanism and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to confirm the potential antioxidant role of five candidate genes of spirulina in protecting the cells from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, these results indicated that spirulina is rich in biological resources which could be efficiently used for multiple applications such as carbon dioxide utilization, nitrogen fixation and biofuel production.

The epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), caused by the fungal pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans, is ... more The epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), caused by the fungal pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans, is one of the fish diseases of international significance in capture and culture fisheries. In this study, the effect of diet supplemented with the ethanolic leaf extract of Rauvolfia tetraphylla against A. invadans in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita was investigated to find out the innate immune response and disease resistance. In the infected fish fed with 5 g kg-1 supplementation diet, the WBC, biochemical parameters, phagocytic, and lysozyme activity significantly increased after second week but not with other groups. However, with 5 and 10 g kg-1 supplementation diets, the respiratory burst activity, complement activity, and myeloperoxidase activity significantly increased after third week. Interestingly, the 5 and 10 g kg-1 supplementation diets boosted the antioxidant activity significantly after second week. This study suggests that 5 g kg-1 enriched diet enhances innate immunity and confers disease resistance which could be applied to develop prophylactic strategies for sustainable aquaculture.

The effect of diet enriched with 1% chitin or chitosan on innate immune response and disease resi... more The effect of diet enriched with 1% chitin or chitosan on innate immune response and disease resistance in Cirrhina mrigala against Aphanomyces invadans was investigated at weeks 1, 2, and 4. In the un-infected and infected groups the white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), haematocrit (Ht), lympocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils significantly increased when fed with 1% chitin (CH) or chitosan (CT) enriched diet from weeks 1 to 4 when compared to control; however, the haemoglobin (Hb) and thrombocytes significantly increased only on weeks 2 and 4. The total protein and albumin levels also significantly increased with any enriched diet on weeks 2 and 4; but the globulin and albumin:globulin ratio increased on week 4 as compared to control; similarly the phagocytic activity significantly increased on weeks 2 and 4 while the lysozyme activity increased from weeks 1 to 4. The complement activity was significantly enhanced in CT and CTI fed groups on weeks 2 and 4. In un-infected fish fed with 1% CH and CT diets, the cumulative mortality was 10% and 5% whereas the infected fish suffered 20% and 25% mortality. The present results suggest that infected fish fed with 1% chitin or chitosan enriched diet modulates the immune system conferring disease resistance in C. mrigala against A. invadans.

The effect of astaxanthin at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg À1 incorporated in basal feed on immune res... more The effect of astaxanthin at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg À1 incorporated in basal feed on immune response and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated. When fed with 25 mg kg À1 diet, the cumulative mortality was 35% whereas it was 10% and 20% with 50 and 100 mg kg À1 diets. With all enriched diets the growth rate increased significantly from week 1 to 4 when compared with control. However, the specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not vary significantly from that of the control except with 50 mg kg À1 diet. When fed with 50 and 100 mg kg À1 diets the red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values significantly increased. However, the serum total protein, albumin, and globulin contents significantly increased only when fed with 50 and 100 mg kg À1 diets. The phagocytic ratio also significantly raised with 50 and 100 mg kg À1 diets on week 2 and 4 whereas the phagocytic index significantly increased with all groups only on fourth week. The respiratory burst activity significantly increased in 25 mg kg À1 diet group on first week whereas in 50 and 100 mg kg À1 diet groups the activity increased on weeks 2 and 4; a similar trend was observed in the anti-protease activity only on weeks 2 and 4. The serum lysozyme activity and bactericidal activity registered a significant increase with all enriched diets. This study suggests that supplementation of astaxanthin at 50 and 100 mg kg À1 with the basal diet significantly promotes the growth restores hematology and modulates the immune system in C. carpio against A. hydrophila.

The effect of carotenoid-supplementation diet on immune response and disease resistance in common... more The effect of carotenoid-supplementation diet on immune response and disease resistance in common carp, Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila at weeks 1, 2, and 4 is reported. The cumulative mortality was 10% when fish were fed with 50 or 100 mg kg À1 supplementation diets while the un-supplementation diet treated group suffered 90% mortality against the pathogen. The phagocytic activity and complement activity significantly increased with 50 and 100 mg kg À1 diet groups from weeks 2 and 4 but not in other groups. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly enhanced with 50 and 100 mg kg À1 diets from weeks 1 to 4 while the production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) enhanced on weeks 2 and 4. The lysozyme activity significantly increased when fed with 50 and 100 mg kg À1 diets on weeks 2 and all supplementation diets on week 4. These results suggest that diet enriched with carotenoid pigment positively enhance the immune status and protects C. carpio from A. hydrophila infection.

Abstract:-Morinda citrifolia L. also known as Noni or Indian mulberry is a small evergreen tree.... more Abstract:-Morinda citrifolia L. also known as Noni or Indian mulberry is a small evergreen tree. It is one of the most important traditional Polynesian medicinal plants. The present study is focused on Nutraceutical studies in Morinda citrifolia-fruit. The mineral analysis of macro nutrients and micronutrients were founded in M.citrifolia. The proximate analysis of ash content and crude fiber content was estimated by AOAC method and thereby the total carbohydrates and total proteins were estimated by Anthrone method and Lowry’s method. Moreover the vitamin C content of the fruit extract estimated by Titration method. Finally the determination of amino acids by OPA deviation using HPLC technique was performed in the fruit. The fundamental knowledge of nutrient profile will enable further investigation in M.citrifolia.
Keywords: Morinda Citrifolia, Nutraceuticals, Mineral analysis, Proximate analysis, HPLC