praveena ganapa | Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher Learnings (original) (raw)

Papers by praveena ganapa

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016

Leprosy is an age old disease. As there was no known remedy for the disease in the earlier days, ... more Leprosy is an age old disease. As there was no known remedy for the disease in the earlier days, the viciousness of the disease, disfigurement and disability caused by the disease resulting in making the affected persons suffer heavily, led to a number of myths, misconceptions, apprehensions and inhibitions in the minds of people. This resulted into developing such a high degree of stigma against the disease that the community wanted to avoid all contacts with such persons. Now there is cure for leprosy and patients can live in their home during treatment. Because of early treatment, deformities and disabilities have reduced. Yet, there is discrimination against the person affected by leprosy, which need to be removed from the public mind, so that these persons can lead normal life like any other human being. 1 Leprosy is an important cause of preventable disability.

National journal of research in community medicine, Dec 31, 2019

Background: There is no reliable way to predict which woman will develop pregnancy-related compli... more Background: There is no reliable way to predict which woman will develop pregnancy-related complications, it is essential that all pregnant women have access to high quality obstetric care throughout their pregnancies. The objective of this study to assess the maternal and new born services in Primary health centres of Kurnool district. Methods: This study is a facility based cross sectional study carried out from November 2014-May 2015 in administrative limits of Kurnool district. Questionnaire is attempted to assess the Maternal and new born services available-Antenatal care, Intranatal care, Post natal care, Newborn care and BEmONC services etc. Results: all PHCs health personnel were practicing administration of parenteral antibiotics, uterotonic drugs, performing manual removal of placenta, in 16/21(76.19%) PHCs health personnel were performing neonatal resuscitation, in 4/21(19.04%) PHCs health personnel were practicing administration anticonvulsants and in 1/21 (4.76%) PHCs health personnel were performing removal of retained products and performing assisted deliveries. Most of PHCs (85.71%) were providing birth preparedness services. 9/21(42.58%) PHCs health personnel were noting time of rupture of membranes.In 16/21(76.19%) PHCs, health personnel were providing resuscitation services. Conclusions: Antenatal, intranatal, postnatal and newborn services were adequate in most of the PHCs.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sep 24, 2018

Major causes of maternal mortality globally are due to direct causes i.e. obstetric complications... more Major causes of maternal mortality globally are due to direct causes i.e. obstetric complications of pregnancy, labour and puerperium to interventions or incorrect treatment. 1 The major cause of maternal mortality in India according to the SRS survey are hemorrhage-38%, sepsis-11%, hypertension-5%, obstructed labour-5%, abortion-8% and other conditions-34%. 2 The major causes of neonatal mortality in India are 35% Preterm birth complications, 20% due to Birth asphyxia, 16% due to pneumonia, 15% due to sepsis, 9% due to congenital malformations, 2% due to diarrhea and 3% due to other causes. 3 Most of the causes of maternal and neonatal mortality were preventable through effective primary health care. Primary health care is essential to provide maternal and child health care especially in rural areas. Staff of Primary health Centre should be trained to conduct ABSTRACT Background: Most of the causes of maternal and neonatal mortality were preventable through effective primary health care. Primary health care is essential to provide maternal and child health care especially in rural areas. The objective of this study is to assess the labour room standards of 24×7 PHCs in the Kurnool district. Methods: This study is a facility based cross sectional study carried out from November 2014-May 2015 in administrative limits of Kurnool district. Questionnaire is attempted to assess the standards of labour room of that PHC by obtaining information about following standards-Infrastructure in labour room, Infection Prevention, Drugs and supplies etc. Results: Majority (66.67%) of 24×7 PHCs had availability of <6 beds and 33.33% of 24×7 PHCs had availability of ≥6 beds. All PHCs had availability of stepping stool, ensured privacy during delivery and new born care corner. All PHCs had availability of running water facility, majority of PHCs (90.47%) had availability of antiseptics, 14/21 (66.67%) of PHCs had provision of HLD and 12/21 (57.14%) of PHCs had provision of sterilization facilities. no PHC had availability of functional ambulance and all PHCs were utilizing 108 facility for referral transport. Conclusions: Availability of infrastructure facilities, infection prevention facilities, equipment and laboratory services were adequate in most of the PHCs. No PHCs were practicing segregation of bio medical wastes and there was deficiency in availability of antiseptics. No PHCs were provided with ambulance facility which was major concern in addressing the second delay.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Jun 22, 2018

Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a ... more Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a woman is denied her most basic and fundamental right i.e. "the right to life". Exorbitant dowry demand is one of the main reasons for female infanticide and other reasons include belief that it is only the son who can perform the last rites, that lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, sons will look after parents in old age, men are bread winners etc. The present study was aimed to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents in rural community. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 school students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire in order to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software. Results: Majority (52.5%) of the study subjects were males. Majority (70%) of the subjects could define foeticide. Boys have better knowledge than girls regarding current sex ratio (21%), state position(20%) and district position(33.3%).The most common reasons for not preferring girl child were not carrying family name and burden to the family. Major source of information was social media. Conclusions: This study reveals that there is considerable scope for spreading awareness to youth about this social malady with medical implications. This will not only change the perception and behaviour of future generation, but motivated adolescents can also influence the families and communityation.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Aug 27, 2019

INTRODUCTION 'Over the counter (OTC) Drugs' means drugs legally allowed to be sold 'Over the coun... more INTRODUCTION 'Over the counter (OTC) Drugs' means drugs legally allowed to be sold 'Over the counter', i.e., without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner. In India, though the phrase has no legal recognition, all the drugs that are not included in the list of 'prescription drugs' are considered as non-prescription drugs (or OTC drugs). Prescription drugs are those that fall under two schedules of the Drug and Cosmetics Rules, 1945: Schedule H and Schedule X. 1 OTC medication abuse for the purpose of this review is defined as the use of non-prescription medications for non-medical purposes. 2 Abuse is often intentional, unlike OTC medication misuse, which may be medication used for medical purposes but used incorrectly, for example, incorrect dosage, lack of interactions knowledge, inappropriate medication use and incorrect duration of use. 3 The use of higher cost health care settings for minor ailments places a substantial burden on scarce National Health Service (NHS) resources. Many people with minor ailments prefer selfcare. 4,5 Intentional drug abuse of prescribed and OTC medicines has climbed steadily. Data from the 2016 National survey on drug use and health demonstrated that 6.2 million (2.3%) people aged twelve or older had used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons during the past month. Of these, 3.3 million used pain relievers, 2 million used tranquilizers, and 1.7 million used stimulants and 497,000 (0.5 million) misused prescription sedatives. 6

Journal of community health management, Dec 15, 2020

Introduction: Aim of the study was to know career preferences and factors influencing speciality ... more Introduction: Aim of the study was to know career preferences and factors influencing speciality choices among the medical students in Telangana. Materials and Methods: An Institution based cross sectional study was carried out at Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally with 150 first year medical students as study subjects from November 2017 to December 2017. Study tool was pretested semi structured questionnaire. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS statistical package version 22. Result: Out of 150 participants, 42 (28%) were boys and 108 (72%) were girls, with a mean age of 17.94 ± 0.82. Majority (62.6%) of the participants were city residents. 57.3% of the study population wants to pursue specialization. Among the students who wants to pursue specialization majority were interested in clinical branches compared to Community Medicine which was only 6.9%. There was significant difference between males and females selection of specialities like cardiology, gynaecology and orthopaedics. Most common factors for selection of speciality courses were reputation of the speciality (91.8%) and Self interest (76.7%). Conclusion: Majority of the medical students wants to pursue specialization and most of them showed interest in the clinical branches. Significant difference between males and females selection of specialities like cardiology, gynaecology and orthopaedics. Most common factors for selection of speciality courses were reputation of the speciality and Self interest followed by early settlement and to make more money.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Mar 23, 2018

The doctors are considered as the cream of the society and this inclines most of the students to ... more The doctors are considered as the cream of the society and this inclines most of the students to choose medical education as their career of choice after completion of secondary schooling. 1 Medical profession is one of the most highly rated professions among the students mainly due to the fact that it offers prospects of a financially as well as a socially satisfying career. To enter into this profession, a student is required to clear a tough competitive examination. Those who clear the entrance exam are then required to undergo a rigorous five years training in a medical school followed by a year of internship before they earn their degree. The recent trend towards specialization has made the study period even longer. The decision to choose medicine as a career is therefore not easy one and not all students who are academically excellent may seek entry into medicine. These students have a wide range of family background. 2 It has also been observed that many students in India prefer a career in medicine because of parental pressure and therefore lack motivation of their own. 3 Students also have certain apprehensions in their mind when they join medical school. An increasing lack of attention among the medical students after getting into ABSTRACT Background: Medical profession is one of the most highly rated professions among the students due to the fact that it offers prospects of a financially as well as a socially satisfying career. It was observed that many students in India prefer a career in medicine because of parental pressure. It has been consistently reported that a considerable proportion of medical students regret their career choice. Considering all these aspects the current study aimed at knowing the factors influencing to take up medical profession, interest towards different modes of teaching, reasons for least attention during the class and regret after choosing medicine as career. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 first year medical students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 17.94±0.82 and majority were females (72%). Majority (82.6%) students opted MBBS out of self-interest. To earn respect in the society (83.87%) was the most common motivational factor to opt MBBS. 39.33% of the subjects was having regret feeling for choosing medical profession. Conclusions: Self-interest was the major reason for opting MBBS. Parent's pressure was also observed as one of the reasons for opting MBBS. Almost one third of the students were having the feeling of regret for opting medical profession. Special attention should be paid towards these students.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Nov 24, 2018

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease and a majo... more Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease and a major public health problem in India next only to malaria. The disease was recorded in India as early as 6th century BC by the famous Indian physician, Susruta in his book 'SusrutaSamhita'. 1 WHO estimates that currently, more than 1.3 billion people in 81 countries are at risk. Approximately 65% of those infected live in the WHO SouthEast Asia region. Since the prevalence and intensity of infection are linked to poverty, its elimination can contribute to achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goal. In 2000, WHO established the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) to assist Member States in achieving this goal by 2020. The global programme includes 2 main components: First interrupting transmission of the parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis by using mass drug administration to deliver annual treatment to all people living in endemic ABSTRACT Background: Lymphatic filariasis has been a major public health problem in India. Government of India during 2004 initiated Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with annual single dose of DEC tablets to all the population living at the risk of filariasis. Nalgonda is endemic district where MDA programme is undertaken every year to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the coverage and compliance rates of the MDA programme conducted during January 2018. Methods: The guidelines of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) were used to select a total of 129 households from four clusters (three rural and one urban). Each household was visited by a team and data was recorded on pre-structured questionnaire available in operational guidelines manual of NVBDCP. Data analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Total of 129 households were included in the study, Among the 523 study population, only 494 were eligible population to receive MDA. Current study shows that coverage rate was 79.84% and compliance rate was 84.6%. Fear of side effects was most common reason for noncompliance. Conclusions: Efforts should be made to improve coverage rates by involving more human resources, supervision and incentives. Though compliance rates were higher than required there is need to maintain these rates by IEC activities and community participation.

Background: Globally, the number of people with diabetic retinopathy will grow from 126.6 million... more Background: Globally, the number of people with diabetic retinopathy will grow from 126.6 million in 2010 to 191.0 million by 2030. Diabetic retinopathy is important cause of avoidable blindness in India. Treatment interventions at early stages of diabetic retinopathy can reduce burden of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy. Objectives: 1) To study the association of socio demographic factors with diabetic retinopathy. 2) To know the proportion of diabetic retinopathy among study population. 3) To know the factors associated in progression of diabetic retinopathy among study population. Methodology: This was hospital based cross sectional study conducted ophthalmology OPD, government general hospital, tertiary care centre, Kurnool city of Andhra Pradesh from 1.10.2014 to 31.12.2014. The study population includes all the patients attending to ophthalmic department during these 2 months with different symptoms. Fundoscopy was used to diagnose diabetic retinopathy by ophthalmic experts. Pretested semistructured questionnaire was administered. Results: Results show that out of 355 patients 72 patients had diabetic retinopathy. Out of 72 patients with diabetic retinopathy 39 were known diabetics and 33 were newly diagnosed as diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy was found to be significantly associated with duration of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, physical activity and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 20.3%. Diabetic retinopathy was found to be significantly associated with duration of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, physical activity and socioeconomic status.

The Journal of Community Health Management, 2020

Introduction: Aim of the study was to know career preferences and factors influencing speciality ... more Introduction: Aim of the study was to know career preferences and factors influencing speciality choices among the medical students in Telangana. Materials and Methods: An Institution based cross sectional study was carried out at Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally with 150 first year medical students as study subjects from November 2017 to December 2017. Study tool was pretested semi structured questionnaire. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS statistical package version 22. Result: Out of 150 participants, 42 (28%) were boys and 108 (72%) were girls, with a mean age of 17.94 ± 0.82. Majority (62.6%) of the participants were city residents. 57.3% of the study population wants to pursue specialization. Among the students who wants to pursue specialization majority were interested in clinical branches compared to Community Medicine which was only 6.9%. There was significant difference between males and females selection of specialities like cardiology, gynaecology and orthopaedics. Most common factors for selection of speciality courses were reputation of the speciality (91.8%) and Self interest (76.7%). Conclusion: Majority of the medical students wants to pursue specialization and most of them showed interest in the clinical branches. Significant difference between males and females selection of specialities like cardiology, gynaecology and orthopaedics. Most common factors for selection of speciality courses were reputation of the speciality and Self interest followed by early settlement and to make more money.

The Journal of Community Health Management, 2018

Aim of the study was to assess the extent of adherence to anti hypertensive medications and to as... more Aim of the study was to assess the extent of adherence to anti hypertensive medications and to assess various socio demographic and other risk factors influencing adherence among the hypertensive patients attending rural health centre in Telangana. Materials and Method: Total of 170 hypertensive patients who have visited rural health centre between November 2017 to March 2018 were interviewed to assess the extent of adherence to anti hypertensive medications. Result: 53% of study population were females and majority (36.4%) belong to 56-65 years of age group.70% of study population were illiterates and most (64.2%) of the subjects belong to lower middle socio economic status. Majority (55.9%) of study population has to travel >0.5 hour from the rural health centre. 50% of the patients showed high adherence. Females (61.1%) were significantly more adherent to medication compared to males(37.5%). High adherence was observed among housewives(70.6%), lower class(57.1%) and widowed(57.9%), those who need to travel for <0.5hr. Study population with the comorbities (56.5%) were more adherent. Persons with both familial history and no familiar history have same adherence Conclusion: Only half of the study subjects were found to be adherent to their treatment. In the current study it was observed that sex, employment status, religion and distance from RHTC were significantly associated with the adherence to treatment. Study population with the comorbidties, with habits like smoking and tobacco chewing were more adherent.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Nov 24, 2018

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease and a majo... more Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease and a major public health problem in India next only to malaria. The disease was recorded in India as early as 6th century BC by the famous Indian physician, Susruta in his book 'SusrutaSamhita'. 1 WHO estimates that currently, more than 1.3 billion people in 81 countries are at risk. Approximately 65% of those infected live in the WHO SouthEast Asia region. Since the prevalence and intensity of infection are linked to poverty, its elimination can contribute to achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goal. In 2000, WHO established the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) to assist Member States in achieving this goal by 2020. The global programme includes 2 main components: First interrupting transmission of the parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis by using mass drug administration to deliver annual treatment to all people living in endemic ABSTRACT Background: Lymphatic filariasis has been a major public health problem in India. Government of India during 2004 initiated Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with annual single dose of DEC tablets to all the population living at the risk of filariasis. Nalgonda is endemic district where MDA programme is undertaken every year to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the coverage and compliance rates of the MDA programme conducted during January 2018. Methods: The guidelines of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) were used to select a total of 129 households from four clusters (three rural and one urban). Each household was visited by a team and data was recorded on pre-structured questionnaire available in operational guidelines manual of NVBDCP. Data analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Total of 129 households were included in the study, Among the 523 study population, only 494 were eligible population to receive MDA. Current study shows that coverage rate was 79.84% and compliance rate was 84.6%. Fear of side effects was most common reason for noncompliance. Conclusions: Efforts should be made to improve coverage rates by involving more human resources, supervision and incentives. Though compliance rates were higher than required there is need to maintain these rates by IEC activities and community participation.

National Journal of Research in Community Medicine, 2019

Background: There is no reliable way to predict which woman will develop pregnancy-related compli... more Background: There is no reliable way to predict which woman will develop pregnancy-related complications, it is essential that all pregnant women have access to high quality obstetric care throughout their pregnancies. The objective of this study to assess the maternal and new born services in Primary health centres of Kurnool district. Methods: This study is a facility based cross sectional study carried out from November 2014-May 2015 in administrative limits of Kurnool district. Questionnaire is attempted to assess the Maternal and new born services available-Antenatal care, Intranatal care, Post natal care, Newborn care and BEmONC services etc. Results: all PHCs health personnel were practicing administration of parenteral antibiotics, uterotonic drugs, performing manual removal of placenta, in 16/21(76.19%) PHCs health personnel were performing neonatal resuscitation, in 4/21(19.04%) PHCs health personnel were practicing administration anticonvulsants and in 1/21 (4.76%) PHCs health personnel were performing removal of retained products and performing assisted deliveries. Most of PHCs (85.71%) were providing birth preparedness services. 9/21(42.58%) PHCs health personnel were noting time of rupture of membranes.In 16/21(76.19%) PHCs, health personnel were providing resuscitation services. Conclusions: Antenatal, intranatal, postnatal and newborn services were adequate in most of the PHCs.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Background: Most of the causes of maternal and neonatal mortality were preventable through effect... more Background: Most of the causes of maternal and neonatal mortality were preventable through effective primary health care. Primary health care is essential to provide maternal and child health care especially in rural areas. The objective of this study is to assess the labour room standards of 24×7 PHCs in the Kurnool district.Methods: This study is a facility based cross sectional study carried out from November 2014-May 2015 in administrative limits of Kurnool district. Questionnaire is attempted to assess the standards of labour room of that PHC by obtaining information about following standards - Infrastructure in labour room, Infection Prevention, Drugs and supplies etc.Results: Majority (66.67%) of 24×7 PHCs had availability of…

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Background: Medical profession is one of the most highly rated professions among the students due... more Background: Medical profession is one of the most highly rated professions among the students due to the fact that it offers prospects of a financially as well as a socially satisfying career. It was observed that many students in India prefer a career in medicine because of parental pressure. It has been consistently reported that a considerable proportion of medical students regret their career choice. Considering all these aspects the current study aimed at knowing the factors influencing to take up medical profession, interest towards different modes of teaching, reasons for least attention during the class and regret after choosing medicine as career.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 first year medical students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 17.94±0.82 and majority were females (72%). Majority (82.6%) students opted MBBS out of self-interest. To ea...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a ... more Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a woman is denied her most basic and fundamental right i.e. “the right to life”. Exorbitant dowry demand is one of the main reasons for female infanticide and other reasons include belief that it is only the son who can perform the last rites, that lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, sons will look after parents in old age, men are bread winners etc. The present study was aimed to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents in rural community.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 school students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire in order to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software.Results: Majority (52.5%) of the study subjects were males. Majority (70%) of the subjects could define foeticide. Boys have better knowledge ...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019

Background: The use of over the counter medications (OTC) has been reported to be on rise interna... more Background: The use of over the counter medications (OTC) has been reported to be on rise internationally. The OTC drug market in India currently ranks 11th in the global OTC market. Since Indian patients have a huge tendency of self-treatment, the Indian market is characterized by a huge demand for OTC drugs. Hence the current study is undertaken to know the practices of over the counter medication among college students.Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study carried out in Pharmacy College and all interested students were included with sample size of 141. Data was collected by interview method by using questionnaire. Results were presented in percentages using SPSS statistical package version 23.Results: Subjects were opting for the over the counter medication. Most common drugs dispensed were cough remedies (52.4%) followed by antibiotics (38.2%). Most (47.5%) common source of medication was parents.Conclusions: Majority of the students were opting for the over the co...

Although several studies have been reported in field of medical, banking, corporate and health se... more Although several studies have been reported in field of medical, banking, corporate and health services, the most emergent field i.e. teaching sector especially in India is still neglected. In this context present study is planned to find out difference in the stress levels of government and private school teachers and symptoms experienced due to stress. The study was conducted in 180 school teachers(n1=86 government school teachers, n2=94 private school teachers. Pretested semistructured questionnaire was administered. From results there is significant difference between private and government teachers in relation to personality and system factors, but no significant difference is seen in interpersonal factors. Also private teachers show more symptoms of stress.

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016

Leprosy is an age old disease. As there was no known remedy for the disease in the earlier days, ... more Leprosy is an age old disease. As there was no known remedy for the disease in the earlier days, the viciousness of the disease, disfigurement and disability caused by the disease resulting in making the affected persons suffer heavily, led to a number of myths, misconceptions, apprehensions and inhibitions in the minds of people. This resulted into developing such a high degree of stigma against the disease that the community wanted to avoid all contacts with such persons. Now there is cure for leprosy and patients can live in their home during treatment. Because of early treatment, deformities and disabilities have reduced. Yet, there is discrimination against the person affected by leprosy, which need to be removed from the public mind, so that these persons can lead normal life like any other human being. 1 Leprosy is an important cause of preventable disability.

National journal of research in community medicine, Dec 31, 2019

Background: There is no reliable way to predict which woman will develop pregnancy-related compli... more Background: There is no reliable way to predict which woman will develop pregnancy-related complications, it is essential that all pregnant women have access to high quality obstetric care throughout their pregnancies. The objective of this study to assess the maternal and new born services in Primary health centres of Kurnool district. Methods: This study is a facility based cross sectional study carried out from November 2014-May 2015 in administrative limits of Kurnool district. Questionnaire is attempted to assess the Maternal and new born services available-Antenatal care, Intranatal care, Post natal care, Newborn care and BEmONC services etc. Results: all PHCs health personnel were practicing administration of parenteral antibiotics, uterotonic drugs, performing manual removal of placenta, in 16/21(76.19%) PHCs health personnel were performing neonatal resuscitation, in 4/21(19.04%) PHCs health personnel were practicing administration anticonvulsants and in 1/21 (4.76%) PHCs health personnel were performing removal of retained products and performing assisted deliveries. Most of PHCs (85.71%) were providing birth preparedness services. 9/21(42.58%) PHCs health personnel were noting time of rupture of membranes.In 16/21(76.19%) PHCs, health personnel were providing resuscitation services. Conclusions: Antenatal, intranatal, postnatal and newborn services were adequate in most of the PHCs.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sep 24, 2018

Major causes of maternal mortality globally are due to direct causes i.e. obstetric complications... more Major causes of maternal mortality globally are due to direct causes i.e. obstetric complications of pregnancy, labour and puerperium to interventions or incorrect treatment. 1 The major cause of maternal mortality in India according to the SRS survey are hemorrhage-38%, sepsis-11%, hypertension-5%, obstructed labour-5%, abortion-8% and other conditions-34%. 2 The major causes of neonatal mortality in India are 35% Preterm birth complications, 20% due to Birth asphyxia, 16% due to pneumonia, 15% due to sepsis, 9% due to congenital malformations, 2% due to diarrhea and 3% due to other causes. 3 Most of the causes of maternal and neonatal mortality were preventable through effective primary health care. Primary health care is essential to provide maternal and child health care especially in rural areas. Staff of Primary health Centre should be trained to conduct ABSTRACT Background: Most of the causes of maternal and neonatal mortality were preventable through effective primary health care. Primary health care is essential to provide maternal and child health care especially in rural areas. The objective of this study is to assess the labour room standards of 24×7 PHCs in the Kurnool district. Methods: This study is a facility based cross sectional study carried out from November 2014-May 2015 in administrative limits of Kurnool district. Questionnaire is attempted to assess the standards of labour room of that PHC by obtaining information about following standards-Infrastructure in labour room, Infection Prevention, Drugs and supplies etc. Results: Majority (66.67%) of 24×7 PHCs had availability of <6 beds and 33.33% of 24×7 PHCs had availability of ≥6 beds. All PHCs had availability of stepping stool, ensured privacy during delivery and new born care corner. All PHCs had availability of running water facility, majority of PHCs (90.47%) had availability of antiseptics, 14/21 (66.67%) of PHCs had provision of HLD and 12/21 (57.14%) of PHCs had provision of sterilization facilities. no PHC had availability of functional ambulance and all PHCs were utilizing 108 facility for referral transport. Conclusions: Availability of infrastructure facilities, infection prevention facilities, equipment and laboratory services were adequate in most of the PHCs. No PHCs were practicing segregation of bio medical wastes and there was deficiency in availability of antiseptics. No PHCs were provided with ambulance facility which was major concern in addressing the second delay.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Jun 22, 2018

Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a ... more Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a woman is denied her most basic and fundamental right i.e. "the right to life". Exorbitant dowry demand is one of the main reasons for female infanticide and other reasons include belief that it is only the son who can perform the last rites, that lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, sons will look after parents in old age, men are bread winners etc. The present study was aimed to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents in rural community. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 school students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire in order to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software. Results: Majority (52.5%) of the study subjects were males. Majority (70%) of the subjects could define foeticide. Boys have better knowledge than girls regarding current sex ratio (21%), state position(20%) and district position(33.3%).The most common reasons for not preferring girl child were not carrying family name and burden to the family. Major source of information was social media. Conclusions: This study reveals that there is considerable scope for spreading awareness to youth about this social malady with medical implications. This will not only change the perception and behaviour of future generation, but motivated adolescents can also influence the families and communityation.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Aug 27, 2019

INTRODUCTION 'Over the counter (OTC) Drugs' means drugs legally allowed to be sold 'Over the coun... more INTRODUCTION 'Over the counter (OTC) Drugs' means drugs legally allowed to be sold 'Over the counter', i.e., without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner. In India, though the phrase has no legal recognition, all the drugs that are not included in the list of 'prescription drugs' are considered as non-prescription drugs (or OTC drugs). Prescription drugs are those that fall under two schedules of the Drug and Cosmetics Rules, 1945: Schedule H and Schedule X. 1 OTC medication abuse for the purpose of this review is defined as the use of non-prescription medications for non-medical purposes. 2 Abuse is often intentional, unlike OTC medication misuse, which may be medication used for medical purposes but used incorrectly, for example, incorrect dosage, lack of interactions knowledge, inappropriate medication use and incorrect duration of use. 3 The use of higher cost health care settings for minor ailments places a substantial burden on scarce National Health Service (NHS) resources. Many people with minor ailments prefer selfcare. 4,5 Intentional drug abuse of prescribed and OTC medicines has climbed steadily. Data from the 2016 National survey on drug use and health demonstrated that 6.2 million (2.3%) people aged twelve or older had used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons during the past month. Of these, 3.3 million used pain relievers, 2 million used tranquilizers, and 1.7 million used stimulants and 497,000 (0.5 million) misused prescription sedatives. 6

Journal of community health management, Dec 15, 2020

Introduction: Aim of the study was to know career preferences and factors influencing speciality ... more Introduction: Aim of the study was to know career preferences and factors influencing speciality choices among the medical students in Telangana. Materials and Methods: An Institution based cross sectional study was carried out at Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally with 150 first year medical students as study subjects from November 2017 to December 2017. Study tool was pretested semi structured questionnaire. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS statistical package version 22. Result: Out of 150 participants, 42 (28%) were boys and 108 (72%) were girls, with a mean age of 17.94 ± 0.82. Majority (62.6%) of the participants were city residents. 57.3% of the study population wants to pursue specialization. Among the students who wants to pursue specialization majority were interested in clinical branches compared to Community Medicine which was only 6.9%. There was significant difference between males and females selection of specialities like cardiology, gynaecology and orthopaedics. Most common factors for selection of speciality courses were reputation of the speciality (91.8%) and Self interest (76.7%). Conclusion: Majority of the medical students wants to pursue specialization and most of them showed interest in the clinical branches. Significant difference between males and females selection of specialities like cardiology, gynaecology and orthopaedics. Most common factors for selection of speciality courses were reputation of the speciality and Self interest followed by early settlement and to make more money.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Mar 23, 2018

The doctors are considered as the cream of the society and this inclines most of the students to ... more The doctors are considered as the cream of the society and this inclines most of the students to choose medical education as their career of choice after completion of secondary schooling. 1 Medical profession is one of the most highly rated professions among the students mainly due to the fact that it offers prospects of a financially as well as a socially satisfying career. To enter into this profession, a student is required to clear a tough competitive examination. Those who clear the entrance exam are then required to undergo a rigorous five years training in a medical school followed by a year of internship before they earn their degree. The recent trend towards specialization has made the study period even longer. The decision to choose medicine as a career is therefore not easy one and not all students who are academically excellent may seek entry into medicine. These students have a wide range of family background. 2 It has also been observed that many students in India prefer a career in medicine because of parental pressure and therefore lack motivation of their own. 3 Students also have certain apprehensions in their mind when they join medical school. An increasing lack of attention among the medical students after getting into ABSTRACT Background: Medical profession is one of the most highly rated professions among the students due to the fact that it offers prospects of a financially as well as a socially satisfying career. It was observed that many students in India prefer a career in medicine because of parental pressure. It has been consistently reported that a considerable proportion of medical students regret their career choice. Considering all these aspects the current study aimed at knowing the factors influencing to take up medical profession, interest towards different modes of teaching, reasons for least attention during the class and regret after choosing medicine as career. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 first year medical students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 17.94±0.82 and majority were females (72%). Majority (82.6%) students opted MBBS out of self-interest. To earn respect in the society (83.87%) was the most common motivational factor to opt MBBS. 39.33% of the subjects was having regret feeling for choosing medical profession. Conclusions: Self-interest was the major reason for opting MBBS. Parent's pressure was also observed as one of the reasons for opting MBBS. Almost one third of the students were having the feeling of regret for opting medical profession. Special attention should be paid towards these students.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Nov 24, 2018

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease and a majo... more Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease and a major public health problem in India next only to malaria. The disease was recorded in India as early as 6th century BC by the famous Indian physician, Susruta in his book 'SusrutaSamhita'. 1 WHO estimates that currently, more than 1.3 billion people in 81 countries are at risk. Approximately 65% of those infected live in the WHO SouthEast Asia region. Since the prevalence and intensity of infection are linked to poverty, its elimination can contribute to achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goal. In 2000, WHO established the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) to assist Member States in achieving this goal by 2020. The global programme includes 2 main components: First interrupting transmission of the parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis by using mass drug administration to deliver annual treatment to all people living in endemic ABSTRACT Background: Lymphatic filariasis has been a major public health problem in India. Government of India during 2004 initiated Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with annual single dose of DEC tablets to all the population living at the risk of filariasis. Nalgonda is endemic district where MDA programme is undertaken every year to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the coverage and compliance rates of the MDA programme conducted during January 2018. Methods: The guidelines of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) were used to select a total of 129 households from four clusters (three rural and one urban). Each household was visited by a team and data was recorded on pre-structured questionnaire available in operational guidelines manual of NVBDCP. Data analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Total of 129 households were included in the study, Among the 523 study population, only 494 were eligible population to receive MDA. Current study shows that coverage rate was 79.84% and compliance rate was 84.6%. Fear of side effects was most common reason for noncompliance. Conclusions: Efforts should be made to improve coverage rates by involving more human resources, supervision and incentives. Though compliance rates were higher than required there is need to maintain these rates by IEC activities and community participation.

Background: Globally, the number of people with diabetic retinopathy will grow from 126.6 million... more Background: Globally, the number of people with diabetic retinopathy will grow from 126.6 million in 2010 to 191.0 million by 2030. Diabetic retinopathy is important cause of avoidable blindness in India. Treatment interventions at early stages of diabetic retinopathy can reduce burden of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy. Objectives: 1) To study the association of socio demographic factors with diabetic retinopathy. 2) To know the proportion of diabetic retinopathy among study population. 3) To know the factors associated in progression of diabetic retinopathy among study population. Methodology: This was hospital based cross sectional study conducted ophthalmology OPD, government general hospital, tertiary care centre, Kurnool city of Andhra Pradesh from 1.10.2014 to 31.12.2014. The study population includes all the patients attending to ophthalmic department during these 2 months with different symptoms. Fundoscopy was used to diagnose diabetic retinopathy by ophthalmic experts. Pretested semistructured questionnaire was administered. Results: Results show that out of 355 patients 72 patients had diabetic retinopathy. Out of 72 patients with diabetic retinopathy 39 were known diabetics and 33 were newly diagnosed as diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy was found to be significantly associated with duration of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, physical activity and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 20.3%. Diabetic retinopathy was found to be significantly associated with duration of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, physical activity and socioeconomic status.

The Journal of Community Health Management, 2020

Introduction: Aim of the study was to know career preferences and factors influencing speciality ... more Introduction: Aim of the study was to know career preferences and factors influencing speciality choices among the medical students in Telangana. Materials and Methods: An Institution based cross sectional study was carried out at Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally with 150 first year medical students as study subjects from November 2017 to December 2017. Study tool was pretested semi structured questionnaire. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS statistical package version 22. Result: Out of 150 participants, 42 (28%) were boys and 108 (72%) were girls, with a mean age of 17.94 ± 0.82. Majority (62.6%) of the participants were city residents. 57.3% of the study population wants to pursue specialization. Among the students who wants to pursue specialization majority were interested in clinical branches compared to Community Medicine which was only 6.9%. There was significant difference between males and females selection of specialities like cardiology, gynaecology and orthopaedics. Most common factors for selection of speciality courses were reputation of the speciality (91.8%) and Self interest (76.7%). Conclusion: Majority of the medical students wants to pursue specialization and most of them showed interest in the clinical branches. Significant difference between males and females selection of specialities like cardiology, gynaecology and orthopaedics. Most common factors for selection of speciality courses were reputation of the speciality and Self interest followed by early settlement and to make more money.

The Journal of Community Health Management, 2018

Aim of the study was to assess the extent of adherence to anti hypertensive medications and to as... more Aim of the study was to assess the extent of adherence to anti hypertensive medications and to assess various socio demographic and other risk factors influencing adherence among the hypertensive patients attending rural health centre in Telangana. Materials and Method: Total of 170 hypertensive patients who have visited rural health centre between November 2017 to March 2018 were interviewed to assess the extent of adherence to anti hypertensive medications. Result: 53% of study population were females and majority (36.4%) belong to 56-65 years of age group.70% of study population were illiterates and most (64.2%) of the subjects belong to lower middle socio economic status. Majority (55.9%) of study population has to travel >0.5 hour from the rural health centre. 50% of the patients showed high adherence. Females (61.1%) were significantly more adherent to medication compared to males(37.5%). High adherence was observed among housewives(70.6%), lower class(57.1%) and widowed(57.9%), those who need to travel for <0.5hr. Study population with the comorbities (56.5%) were more adherent. Persons with both familial history and no familiar history have same adherence Conclusion: Only half of the study subjects were found to be adherent to their treatment. In the current study it was observed that sex, employment status, religion and distance from RHTC were significantly associated with the adherence to treatment. Study population with the comorbidties, with habits like smoking and tobacco chewing were more adherent.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Nov 24, 2018

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease and a majo... more Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease and a major public health problem in India next only to malaria. The disease was recorded in India as early as 6th century BC by the famous Indian physician, Susruta in his book 'SusrutaSamhita'. 1 WHO estimates that currently, more than 1.3 billion people in 81 countries are at risk. Approximately 65% of those infected live in the WHO SouthEast Asia region. Since the prevalence and intensity of infection are linked to poverty, its elimination can contribute to achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goal. In 2000, WHO established the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) to assist Member States in achieving this goal by 2020. The global programme includes 2 main components: First interrupting transmission of the parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis by using mass drug administration to deliver annual treatment to all people living in endemic ABSTRACT Background: Lymphatic filariasis has been a major public health problem in India. Government of India during 2004 initiated Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with annual single dose of DEC tablets to all the population living at the risk of filariasis. Nalgonda is endemic district where MDA programme is undertaken every year to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the coverage and compliance rates of the MDA programme conducted during January 2018. Methods: The guidelines of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) were used to select a total of 129 households from four clusters (three rural and one urban). Each household was visited by a team and data was recorded on pre-structured questionnaire available in operational guidelines manual of NVBDCP. Data analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Total of 129 households were included in the study, Among the 523 study population, only 494 were eligible population to receive MDA. Current study shows that coverage rate was 79.84% and compliance rate was 84.6%. Fear of side effects was most common reason for noncompliance. Conclusions: Efforts should be made to improve coverage rates by involving more human resources, supervision and incentives. Though compliance rates were higher than required there is need to maintain these rates by IEC activities and community participation.

National Journal of Research in Community Medicine, 2019

Background: There is no reliable way to predict which woman will develop pregnancy-related compli... more Background: There is no reliable way to predict which woman will develop pregnancy-related complications, it is essential that all pregnant women have access to high quality obstetric care throughout their pregnancies. The objective of this study to assess the maternal and new born services in Primary health centres of Kurnool district. Methods: This study is a facility based cross sectional study carried out from November 2014-May 2015 in administrative limits of Kurnool district. Questionnaire is attempted to assess the Maternal and new born services available-Antenatal care, Intranatal care, Post natal care, Newborn care and BEmONC services etc. Results: all PHCs health personnel were practicing administration of parenteral antibiotics, uterotonic drugs, performing manual removal of placenta, in 16/21(76.19%) PHCs health personnel were performing neonatal resuscitation, in 4/21(19.04%) PHCs health personnel were practicing administration anticonvulsants and in 1/21 (4.76%) PHCs health personnel were performing removal of retained products and performing assisted deliveries. Most of PHCs (85.71%) were providing birth preparedness services. 9/21(42.58%) PHCs health personnel were noting time of rupture of membranes.In 16/21(76.19%) PHCs, health personnel were providing resuscitation services. Conclusions: Antenatal, intranatal, postnatal and newborn services were adequate in most of the PHCs.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Background: Most of the causes of maternal and neonatal mortality were preventable through effect... more Background: Most of the causes of maternal and neonatal mortality were preventable through effective primary health care. Primary health care is essential to provide maternal and child health care especially in rural areas. The objective of this study is to assess the labour room standards of 24×7 PHCs in the Kurnool district.Methods: This study is a facility based cross sectional study carried out from November 2014-May 2015 in administrative limits of Kurnool district. Questionnaire is attempted to assess the standards of labour room of that PHC by obtaining information about following standards - Infrastructure in labour room, Infection Prevention, Drugs and supplies etc.Results: Majority (66.67%) of 24×7 PHCs had availability of…

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Background: Medical profession is one of the most highly rated professions among the students due... more Background: Medical profession is one of the most highly rated professions among the students due to the fact that it offers prospects of a financially as well as a socially satisfying career. It was observed that many students in India prefer a career in medicine because of parental pressure. It has been consistently reported that a considerable proportion of medical students regret their career choice. Considering all these aspects the current study aimed at knowing the factors influencing to take up medical profession, interest towards different modes of teaching, reasons for least attention during the class and regret after choosing medicine as career.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 first year medical students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 17.94±0.82 and majority were females (72%). Majority (82.6%) students opted MBBS out of self-interest. To ea...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a ... more Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a woman is denied her most basic and fundamental right i.e. “the right to life”. Exorbitant dowry demand is one of the main reasons for female infanticide and other reasons include belief that it is only the son who can perform the last rites, that lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, sons will look after parents in old age, men are bread winners etc. The present study was aimed to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents in rural community.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 school students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire in order to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software.Results: Majority (52.5%) of the study subjects were males. Majority (70%) of the subjects could define foeticide. Boys have better knowledge ...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019

Background: The use of over the counter medications (OTC) has been reported to be on rise interna... more Background: The use of over the counter medications (OTC) has been reported to be on rise internationally. The OTC drug market in India currently ranks 11th in the global OTC market. Since Indian patients have a huge tendency of self-treatment, the Indian market is characterized by a huge demand for OTC drugs. Hence the current study is undertaken to know the practices of over the counter medication among college students.Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study carried out in Pharmacy College and all interested students were included with sample size of 141. Data was collected by interview method by using questionnaire. Results were presented in percentages using SPSS statistical package version 23.Results: Subjects were opting for the over the counter medication. Most common drugs dispensed were cough remedies (52.4%) followed by antibiotics (38.2%). Most (47.5%) common source of medication was parents.Conclusions: Majority of the students were opting for the over the co...

Although several studies have been reported in field of medical, banking, corporate and health se... more Although several studies have been reported in field of medical, banking, corporate and health services, the most emergent field i.e. teaching sector especially in India is still neglected. In this context present study is planned to find out difference in the stress levels of government and private school teachers and symptoms experienced due to stress. The study was conducted in 180 school teachers(n1=86 government school teachers, n2=94 private school teachers. Pretested semistructured questionnaire was administered. From results there is significant difference between private and government teachers in relation to personality and system factors, but no significant difference is seen in interpersonal factors. Also private teachers show more symptoms of stress.