Lisa L Prigmore, PharmD | Stanford University (original) (raw)

Papers by Lisa L Prigmore, PharmD

Journal of teaching and learning for graduate employability, Oct 8, 2023

An increasing amount of evidence suggests that learners within Higher Education (HE), and graduat... more An increasing amount of evidence suggests that learners within Higher Education (HE), and graduates, are struggling with their transition into the workplace. With the increased prominence of workplace learning requirements, these challenges are becoming more evident for learners during HE studies. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by learners and graduates transitioning into the healthcare workforce, and the challenges experienced by key groups such as healthcare employers and other influencers within HE. The key focus was on disability, part-time work and transitions into the workplace. Thirty-two individuals participated in an online survey focused on equity and employability. Questions were both quantitative and qualitative in nature. Participants were learners, graduates, academics, career advisory staff, and employers. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data identified eight themes. Challenges identified by participants included work-life balance, stigma and stereotypes, organisational and individual empowerment, navigating additional administrations tasks, information and signposting, consistency in language and messaging, advocacy, and exemplars for guidance. The study highlights the responsibilities of all involved with HE provision, and the importance of collaboration with employers to inform, educate and advocate for all learners to maximize employability opportunities and enhance transitions into employment. Policy and practice in this area should quality assure the robustness of the support, aiming to meet individual needs, including education to empower and facilitate individual agency, as well as reviewing the visibility and accessibility of resources.

In this paper, I empirically identify a new source of price discrimination utilized by airlines, ... more In this paper, I empirically identify a new source of price discrimination utilized by airlines, namely, price discrimination based on the day of the week a ticket is purchased. Using unique transaction data, I compare tickets that are identical in every aspect except day of the week purchased (that is, traveling on the same date on the same route on the same airline with the same restrictions on flights with the same load factors and purchased the same number of days in advance), and find that airfares are cheapest when bought on the weekend. The size of this weekend purchase effect varies with distribution channel (online or offline) and how far in advance of departure the ticket is purchased. For transactions occurring more than two weeks before the departure date, offline weekend purchases are 3% cheaper than those made on weekdays, but online purchase prices do not differ significantly throughout the week. Conversely, in the final two weeks before departure, weekend purchases are 4% less expensive online but not significantly cheaper offline. These findings are consistent with price discrimination between high-elasticity leisure customers and low-elasticity business customers. If airlines believe that weekend purchasers are more likely to be price-elastic leisure iv travelers, then they may offer lower prices or make deals more transparent on the weekend. This conjecture is supported by the finding that the weekend purchase effect is generally larger on routes with a mixture of both business and leisure customers than on routes primarily traveled by leisure customers because price discrimination is both possible and effective on these heterogeneous routes. v

Exploring the differences between normative visions and actual practices (Mellado, 2020), through... more Exploring the differences between normative visions and actual practices (Mellado, 2020), through a content analysis of more than 3,700 news stories contextualized with surveys, and further unpacked by interviews with journalists, this article provides a comprehensive overview of journalistic role performance in Canada. Findings show few, yet distinct, differences between French and English media, and that Canadian journalists are often present in their stories; use high levels of infotainment; and demonstrate strong performance of both the civic and service roles compared to other countries, but perform far less of the watchdog role than journalists surveyed perceived.

Facts & Frictions: Emerging Debates, Pedagogies and Practices in Contemporary Journalism, Oct 26, 2022

En explorant les différences entre visions normatives et pratiques réelles (Mellado, 2020), grâce... more En explorant les différences entre visions normatives et pratiques réelles (Mellado, 2020), grâce à une analyse de contenu de plus de 3700 articles d'actualité, contextualisée par une enquête auprès de journalistes canadiens et approfondie par des entretiens, cet article fournit un aperçu complet de la performance du rôle journalistique au Canada. Les résultats montrent des différences assez subtiles entre médias francophones et anglophones, une forte présence des journalistes canadiens dans leurs reportages, un niveau élevé du rôle d'infodivertissement. La production journalistique canadienne se démarque de celle des autres pays étudiés par l'importance des rôles civiques et de service; la place du rôle de chien de garde est toutefois moins grande dans les contenus que dans ce que rapportent les journalistes interrogés quant à leur conception personnelle du métier et leur perception de sa mise en oeuvre au sein de leur organisation.

European Journal of Cultural Studies

The polarised Leave/Remain positions offered by Brexit hampered opportunities for Britons to arti... more The polarised Leave/Remain positions offered by Brexit hampered opportunities for Britons to articulate the complexity of their affective political allegiances. Turning our focus on Grayson Perry: Divided Britain (2017, C4, Swan Films), we argue that Perry’s role as artist-ethnographer enabled an exploration ‘from below’ of the tensions occluded by deliberative democratic debate in febrile post-Brexit Britain. Intervening in a conjuncture of which Brexit was symptomatic, Perry’s arts documentary with Channel 4 provided the space to articulate newly configured affective and political affiliations in terms both of Britain as place and Britishness as identity. Drawing on Chantal Mouffe’s conception of agonistic politics, we argue the programme provided a space of confrontation for groups defined as polarised ‘camps’ to contest and debate through their emotional and symbolic differences which exposed the limitations of the ‘post-political’ formation. However, while the programme visuali...

Canadian Journal of Sociology

Symbolic interactionism continues to be criticized from both inside and outside of interactionist... more Symbolic interactionism continues to be criticized from both inside and outside of interactionist circles by those who claim that the perspective does not address issues of social structure and fails to recognize constraints on human agency. In this paper, we critically address these claims and defend Blumerian symbolic interactionism from three versions of the charge of astructural bias and demonstrate how the perspective accounts for social structural forces. In doing so, we make reference to the classical roots of the perspective. We conclude with an illustrative and didactic example that demonstrates how even the most micro-oriented of interactionist research can still take account of social structural issues.

Sport in History, 2019

'What an absurdity': thus railed 'P. Barnsby, Male Coach' in the Letters page of Rowing magazine ... more 'What an absurdity': thus railed 'P. Barnsby, Male Coach' in the Letters page of Rowing magazine in August 1973, on the appointment of Penny Chuter as professional rowing coach for the Amateur Rowing Association (ARA). The flurry of responses prompted by his letter suggest that his views were not aligned with the majority of the rowing community; yet women's role and position in the sport was still highly contested. Chuter's appointment as an ARA National Coach, an elite level role with responsibility for the national squad as well as coach education in clubs, complicated and extended this polemic. Situated at the intersection of societal fears around female athleticism, employment and leadershipand the ideological conflict within the conservative Amateur Rowing Association about professional coaches regardless of genderit provoked the rowing community to express some of its most profound uncertainties and anxieties about gender, and about the sport itself and the manner in which it should be undertaken. This paper explores these anxieties within the social context of second wave feminism and related shifts in gender norms, and the sporting context of British amateur rowing in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. What an absurdity, the appointment of a full-time female rowing coach by the ARA [Amateur Rowing Association] as a reward for the performances of Miss Penny Chuter. Neither rowing or [sic] boats would exist but for men, and for the ARA to make it their business to encourage women from their main bodily business which is that of bearing children or nursing them, to take up male activities is to waste money and social resource on perversity. The practice of breastfeeding of infants has almost vanished because of the crazy fashion of encouraging females to live a male life and the babies of today are not what they might be because of this deprivation of mother's milk. The ARA are not alone in their encouragement of female deviation but they need public reprimand for their unwholesome policy. It is foolish to use sport to make women ashamed of being women, and to encourage them in the fantasy that they are boys. 1

Water Quality Research Journal, 2013

The Inter-Governmental Ecotoxicological Testing Group (IGETG) is an ad hoc group of government sc... more The Inter-Governmental Ecotoxicological Testing Group (IGETG) is an ad hoc group of government scientists, technologists, data users, and scientific advisors that has been active in the development and application of ecotoxicological testing in Canada. Membership includes representatives from government laboratories that conduct toxicity testing for research and development purposes, monitor effluent discharge for compliance with regulations, and/or perform exploratory monitoring of non-regulated sectors. The original focus of the group was to support the development and application of standardized toxicity test methods under the Fisheries Act but as the group matured it broadened its focus to five goals: (1) to promote the use of ecotoxicity testing; (2) to disseminate and harmonize new knowledge and understanding of issues related to ecotoxicity testing; (3) to provide scientific support to environmental programs; (4) to develop, validate and publish toxicological test methods; an...

Methods in Oceanography, 2013

in the data from open-ocean (oligotrophic) environments making it more representative of global d... more in the data from open-ocean (oligotrophic) environments making it more representative of global distributions and of utility for global algorithm development.

Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, 2013

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2010

ABSTRACT As part of the Canadian Environmental Effects Monitoring program under the National Meta... more ABSTRACT As part of the Canadian Environmental Effects Monitoring program under the National Metal Mining Effluent Regulation, there is a requirement to conduct sublethal toxicity tests twice per year for the first three years. These first three years (2003 to 2005) were considered a period of initial monitoring and resulted in test endpoints for each of the required standardized methods on a fish, an aquatic plant, an invertebrate, and an algal species. On a national level (based on 1648 valid results), the test from most to least sensitive was: the inhibition of reproduction with Ceriodaphnia dubia, the growth inhibition (frond number) with Lemna minor, the inhibition of cell yield with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the growth inhibition (dry weight) with Lemna minor, the growth inhibition of fathead minnows, and the effect on embryo viability with rainbow trout. This sensitivity ranking changed when tests were further evaluated on a geographical region and mine-type basis (e.g., base metal, precious metal, uranium, iron ore). Site-specific examples show how sublethal toxicity data are being used to track changes in effluent quality, choosing a final discharge point, monitoring multiple discharges to the same watercourse, and to identify study design weaknesses by comparing laboratory results to field survey conclusions.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2000

Effects of chronic copper exposure on a suite of indicators were examined: acute toxicity, acclim... more Effects of chronic copper exposure on a suite of indicators were examined: acute toxicity, acclimation, growth, sprint performance, whole‐body electrolytes, tissue residues, and gill copper binding characteristics. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed for 30 d to waterborne copper in hard water (hardness = 120 mg/L as CaCO3, pH = 8.0, Cu = 20 and 60 μg/L) and soft water (hardness = 20 mg/L as CaCO3, pH = 7.2, Cu = 1 and 2 μg/L). Significant acclimation to the metal occurred only in fish exposed to 60 μg/L, as seen by an approx. twofold increase in 96‐h LC50 (153 vs 91 μg Cu/L). Chronic copper exposure had little or no effect on survival, growth, or swimming performance in either water hardness, nor was there any initial whole‐body electrolyte loss (Na+ and Cl−). The present data suggest that the availability of food (3% wet body weight/day, distributed as three 1% meals) prevented growth inhibition and initial ion losses that usually result from Cu exposure. Elevated metal burdens in...

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2003

The main objective of the study was to use a species comparison approach in order to understand s... more The main objective of the study was to use a species comparison approach in order to understand sensitivity and tolerance differences to copper. We hypothesized that species differences in toxicity would be reflected by differences in copper binding to high-affinity sites on the gill. Specifically, the strength of copper binding (affinity, logK) and maximum number of binding sites (saturation, B max) for copper at the gill surface would vary among different species of fish. Two species that are different in their copper sensitivity are the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). We explicitly compared acute toxicity (median lethal concentrations via 96-h LC50s) and whole-body Na ϩ loss in both organisms in two distinct water chemistries (i.e., hard and soft water). For both species, the copper binding sites at the gill surface were characterized for their affinity and saturability. The binding properties of the gill were quite similar between the two species in each water chemistry. Based on estimations of the free cupric ion concentration, the affinity, or logK, was 8.4 for both species in soft water, whereas in hard water, the affinity was higher (ϳ9.7). The B max value in soft water was 1.88 nmol/g for rainbow trout and yellow perch, while in hard water, saturation occurred at 3.63 nmol/g for rainbow trout and 9.01 nmol/g for yellow perch. More importantly, the amount of copper bound to the gills at 50% mortality (i.e., lethal accumulation; the LA50) was different between the two species (yellow perch LA50s were nine times higher than those of rainbow trout in soft water and hard water), indicating that the copper binding to the yellow perch gill must not have been 'biologically reactive.' According to 96-h LC50s, yellow perch were less sensitive to copper than were rainbow trout; however, the difference between the two species was similar in hard water (1.05 vs 4.16 M) and soft water (ϳ0.10 vs 0.44 M). Perch were more tolerant because they lost less sodium upon exposure to copper; yet this mechanism of tolerance was not reflected by the amount of copper at the gill surface. The influence of water chemistry on the binding properties of the gill demonstrates the dynamic nature of the gill in maintaining ionoregulatory homeostasis, a key issue in the future development of the chronic biotic ligand model.

Clinical Gerontologist, 1984

Memory improvement is a significant concern of the elderly. This paper addresses the costs and be... more Memory improvement is a significant concern of the elderly. This paper addresses the costs and benefits of comprehensive non-medical cognitive retraining programs. An administrative cost analysis of one representative cognitive intervention program is presented and benefits in terms of foregone costs of nursing care are quantified.

Aquatic Toxicology, 2004

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of copper exposure on swimming performanc... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of copper exposure on swimming performance and gill-binding characteristics of wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a species endemic to metal-contaminated lakes of the Sudbury region in northern Ontario. Yellow perch were collected from lakes varying in the degree of metal contamination (Cu = 1-21 g/l), on two separate occasions for the investigation of swim performance and the analysis of gill-binding characteristics. Swim performance tests indicated that yellow perch from the contaminated lake had slightly greater endurance in a fixed velocity sprint test than fish from reference lakes, although the analysis of critical swimming speeds (U crit) did not reveal this same distinction between the groups. Differential sprint performance was in part due to differences in fish size within contaminated and reference lakes. Yellow perch from the contaminated lake also had higher resting levels of muscle glycogen and greater lactate production during high intensity exercise compared to yellow perch from the reference site. Acclimation occurred in the metal-contaminated yellow perch, as seen by the significantly elevated time to death (LT50) during an acutely lethal challenge to 600 g Cu/l. However, gills from perch from the contaminated lake accumulated about three times more copper at death. In contrast, at a lower exposure range of water-copper (10-400 g/l), the gills of fish from the contaminated lake tended to saturate with copper at lower concentrations than gills of fish from the reference lake (∼8 g versus 23 g Cu/g of gill tissue). In addition, perch from the contaminated lake exhibited a lower rate of sodium loss during the acute exposure to copper at ∼10 to 600 g Cu/l. This study suggests that the amount of copper bound to (or accumulated within) the gills may not be diagnostic of acute toxicity for wild yellow perch from metal-contaminated lakes.