Theodore L Glasser | Stanford University (original) (raw)

Papers by Theodore L Glasser

Research paper thumbnail of Normative theories of the media: journalism in democratic societies

Choice Reviews Online, 2009

... This typology of media functions has become a permanent part of media policy guidelines both ... more ... This typology of media functions has become a permanent part of media policy guidelines both in the Scandinavian countries and regionally ... defined freedom of the press almost entirely according to interpreta-tions of the First Amendment of the US Constitution, which opened ...

Research paper thumbnail of Normative theories of the media

... A contemporary analysis of mass media and modern democracy. In this book, five leading schola... more ... A contemporary analysis of mass media and modern democracy. In this book, five leading scholars of media and communication take on the difficult but important task of ... Using Fred S. Siebert, Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm's classic Four Theories of the Press as their ...

Research paper thumbnail of Accountability and Broadcast Diversity: A Proposal for Community Control of Radio Formats

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) standards for diversity in radio broadcasting apply o... more The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) standards for diversity in radio broadcasting apply only to news and public affairs programingnot to entertainment programing. In addition, the FCC has defined diversity solely in terms of what any one station broadcasts regardless of what &her stationa in the same service area way be programing. Diversity as a (loll of broadcast regulation can be exaained in the context of three hypotheses: it is mandated by the First Amendment; it is necessary to remedy a structurally deficient syst,em of broedcasting: and it yields pluralistic programing, which iG itself a "meritorious good." Of the three, the latter may be the most significant according to economist Bruce Owen, who suggests, however, that format duplication may increase consumer satisfaction. Listeners who prefer a particular kind of programing comprise a "community of taste" and these communities delineate a market's need for pluralistic programing ever though a particular community of taste may not be of enough economic interest to advertisers to support a station. One solution might be for the FCC to establish local boards to identify commun4_ties of taste and assign stations to each. This would necessitate some form of subsidy for those stations assigned ttnprofitable communities of taste. (1T3)

Research paper thumbnail of Barron, Jerome A. Access to the Press — A New First Amendment Right, 80 Harv. Law Rev. 1641 (1967)

Communication Law and Policy, 2020

In the first few sentences of what one commentator described as an “arresting opening paragraph,”... more In the first few sentences of what one commentator described as an “arresting opening paragraph,” 1 Jerome Barron began his plea for a broader, affirmative reading of the First Amendment: There is ...

Research paper thumbnail of Custodians of conscience: investigative journalism and public virtue

Choice Reviews Online, 1999

... Samedi, de 10h00 à 18h00 sans interruption. Plus d'un million de titres à notre ... more ... Samedi, de 10h00 à 18h00 sans interruption. Plus d'un million de titres à notre catalogue ! »Afficher votre panier«. WebAnalytics. Notice. Imprimer la notice. Custodians of Conscience: Investigative Journalism and Public Virtue. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Trajectories

Research paper thumbnail of Morality and Taste in Media Content

The International Encyclopedia of Communication, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Review and criticism

Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 1986

Milton Chen & Wil... more Milton Chen & William Paisley (Eds.). Children and microcomputers: Research on the newest medium. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1985. 320 pp. 29.00(cloth),29.00 (cloth), 29.00(cloth),14.95 (paper)Joshua Meyrowitz. No sense of place: The impact of electronic media on social behavior. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. 416 pp. $22.50 (cloth)Janice A. Radway. Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy, and popular literature. Chapel Hill: University

Research paper thumbnail of On the Unfortunate Divide between Media Ethics and Media Law

The Routledge Handbook of Mass Media Ethics, 2020

The divide between press freedom and press accountability is of a piece with the broader divide b... more The divide between press freedom and press accountability is of a piece with the broader divide between media law and media ethics. Seeking a remedy, this paper draws on scholarly attempts to unify ethics and law by prioritizing the public act of discursive justification to provide an intellectual resource that recovers the role of the community in the theory and practice of journalism and law. By constructing a conceptual foundation to bridge these divides, this paper aspires to improve the prospects for developing an overarching normative framework and pedagogy cultivating the principles that clarify the rights and responsibilities of an independent and democratic press.

Research paper thumbnail of Public Journalism Movement

The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication, 2016

The public journalism movement, which began in the early 1990s and lost momentum a decade later, ... more The public journalism movement, which began in the early 1990s and lost momentum a decade later, sought to revitalize public life and civic engagement by encouraging the press to promote and improve opportunities for public debate and discussion. It invited journalists to find ways, through their coverage of local issues, to empower the community. Keywords: empowerment; journalism studies; media and society; political communication; public participation

Research paper thumbnail of Normative Theories of the Media by Clifford G. Christians, Theodore Glasser, Denis McQuail, Kaarle Nordenstreng & Robert A White Language Arts & Disciplines

Language Arts & Disciplines, Normative Theories of the Media, Oct 1, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of ETHICS AND ELOQUENCE IN JOURNALISM An

approach to press accountability

Research paper thumbnail of La autorregulación del periodismo: el papel de las asociaciones profesionales en una sociedad de la información

La Ventana Global Ciberespacio Esfera Publica Mundial Y Universo Mediatico 2002 Isbn 84 306 0464 2 Pags 281 302, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of Journalism and the second-person effect

Research paper thumbnail of Toward a New Freedom of Expression for Broadcasters

While the First Amendment guarantees an individ! ==-the right to be beard, this is an issue disti... more While the First Amendment guarantees an individ! ==-the right to be beard, this is an issue distinct fres assuring the opportunity to be heard. In broadcast media, the opportunity, or access, has been largely determined by tvc factors: econclice, or who owns the means to an audience, and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulation of the limited frequency spectrum.

Research paper thumbnail of Objectivity and the Ideology of News

A 1977 t.:ourt of Appeals decision, "Edwards v. National Audubon Society," outlined the principle... more A 1977 t.:ourt of Appeals decision, "Edwards v. National Audubon Society," outlined the principle of "neutral reportage": the press is not required to suppress newsworthy statements by public officials merely because the truth of those statements is doubtful. The author outlines this court case because it illustrates so well the consequences of the ethic of objectivity that has developed in journalism since the rise of the mass press in the 1800s. Originally a response to economic pressures, objectivity has become an ideal to strive for. In an effort to remain free from unrecognized prejudgments, journalists have concentrated on reporting rather than interpreting news, using themselves largely as vehicles for their sources' arguments, rebuttals, explanations, and criticisms. Nevertheless, their reporting reveals bias. In relying on official sources, reporters favor the prominent and established. Trying to record rather than interpret, journalists undervalue independent thinking as they obscure their own role in choosing and editing news. This ethic of objectivity is founded on a naive belief in a single reality derived from empirical facts. American journalism will not become truly responsible until it recognizes that facts and values are inseparable. (MM)

Research paper thumbnail of News Values and Narrative Themes: Irony, Hypocrisy and Other Enduring Values

This paper explores an alternative_way of studying. journalism in the classroom by focusing on co... more This paper explores an alternative_way of studying. journalism in the classroom by focusing on contemPorary jdurnalists' ironic treatment of morality. Tba paper examinet thaperformative character of the language of news, when the WOrdS inVedti4ative journalists use are cf interest not so much_for what theylay but for what they do. The paper establishes an approPriate-framework of irony as a rhetorical device, with emphasis owits'evaluatiVe-role and the implications of that role for journalists who, asr,a-mafter of professional obligation, must eschew explicit avaltation. The paper presents detailed examination of how irony works in the work of several distinguished reporters. (Twenty references are attached-.) (KEH)

Research paper thumbnail of The Press, Privacy, and Community Mores

Research paper thumbnail of Investigative Journalism and the Legitimation of Moral Order

Investigative journalists long have had an adversarial relationship with powerful institutions an... more Investigative journalists long have had an adversarial relationship with powerful institutions and those in public office, stemming from the "righteously indignant" reporters of the early nineteenth century penny presses who guarded the interests of the public. Currently, investigative journalists are in a difficult position if they have to report news of moral transgressions, while remaining morally neutral. When documenting transgressions, they tend to circumvent the problem by (1) citing the law, (2) citing codes of conduct, (3) citing experts, or (4) appealing to common sense. Yet all news, how objective it purports to be on its "surface level" is inherently linked to morals because the subject(s) of the story have crossed some moral boundary, identified by the reporter. Hence reporters in their role as "watchdogs" not only reflect the moral norms of society but actively fashion and legitimate the very consensus they ostensibly only convey. However, because investigative journalists select from a limited range of dominant moral standards, accept these standards uncritically, and present them "objectively," they can evade responsibility for contributing to the definition and legitimation of what usually appears to be an "independent" moral order. The values journalists espouse in the "deep level" of their stories only become apparent in a historical and cultural treatment of news. (Seven endnotes and 46 references are included.) (JC)

Research paper thumbnail of Communication and the Cultivation of Citizenship

Research paper thumbnail of Normative theories of the media: journalism in democratic societies

Choice Reviews Online, 2009

... This typology of media functions has become a permanent part of media policy guidelines both ... more ... This typology of media functions has become a permanent part of media policy guidelines both in the Scandinavian countries and regionally ... defined freedom of the press almost entirely according to interpreta-tions of the First Amendment of the US Constitution, which opened ...

Research paper thumbnail of Normative theories of the media

... A contemporary analysis of mass media and modern democracy. In this book, five leading schola... more ... A contemporary analysis of mass media and modern democracy. In this book, five leading scholars of media and communication take on the difficult but important task of ... Using Fred S. Siebert, Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm's classic Four Theories of the Press as their ...

Research paper thumbnail of Accountability and Broadcast Diversity: A Proposal for Community Control of Radio Formats

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) standards for diversity in radio broadcasting apply o... more The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) standards for diversity in radio broadcasting apply only to news and public affairs programingnot to entertainment programing. In addition, the FCC has defined diversity solely in terms of what any one station broadcasts regardless of what &her stationa in the same service area way be programing. Diversity as a (loll of broadcast regulation can be exaained in the context of three hypotheses: it is mandated by the First Amendment; it is necessary to remedy a structurally deficient syst,em of broedcasting: and it yields pluralistic programing, which iG itself a "meritorious good." Of the three, the latter may be the most significant according to economist Bruce Owen, who suggests, however, that format duplication may increase consumer satisfaction. Listeners who prefer a particular kind of programing comprise a "community of taste" and these communities delineate a market's need for pluralistic programing ever though a particular community of taste may not be of enough economic interest to advertisers to support a station. One solution might be for the FCC to establish local boards to identify commun4_ties of taste and assign stations to each. This would necessitate some form of subsidy for those stations assigned ttnprofitable communities of taste. (1T3)

Research paper thumbnail of Barron, Jerome A. Access to the Press — A New First Amendment Right, 80 Harv. Law Rev. 1641 (1967)

Communication Law and Policy, 2020

In the first few sentences of what one commentator described as an “arresting opening paragraph,”... more In the first few sentences of what one commentator described as an “arresting opening paragraph,” 1 Jerome Barron began his plea for a broader, affirmative reading of the First Amendment: There is ...

Research paper thumbnail of Custodians of conscience: investigative journalism and public virtue

Choice Reviews Online, 1999

... Samedi, de 10h00 à 18h00 sans interruption. Plus d'un million de titres à notre ... more ... Samedi, de 10h00 à 18h00 sans interruption. Plus d'un million de titres à notre catalogue ! »Afficher votre panier«. WebAnalytics. Notice. Imprimer la notice. Custodians of Conscience: Investigative Journalism and Public Virtue. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Trajectories

Research paper thumbnail of Morality and Taste in Media Content

The International Encyclopedia of Communication, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Review and criticism

Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 1986

Milton Chen & Wil... more Milton Chen & William Paisley (Eds.). Children and microcomputers: Research on the newest medium. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1985. 320 pp. 29.00(cloth),29.00 (cloth), 29.00(cloth),14.95 (paper)Joshua Meyrowitz. No sense of place: The impact of electronic media on social behavior. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. 416 pp. $22.50 (cloth)Janice A. Radway. Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy, and popular literature. Chapel Hill: University

Research paper thumbnail of On the Unfortunate Divide between Media Ethics and Media Law

The Routledge Handbook of Mass Media Ethics, 2020

The divide between press freedom and press accountability is of a piece with the broader divide b... more The divide between press freedom and press accountability is of a piece with the broader divide between media law and media ethics. Seeking a remedy, this paper draws on scholarly attempts to unify ethics and law by prioritizing the public act of discursive justification to provide an intellectual resource that recovers the role of the community in the theory and practice of journalism and law. By constructing a conceptual foundation to bridge these divides, this paper aspires to improve the prospects for developing an overarching normative framework and pedagogy cultivating the principles that clarify the rights and responsibilities of an independent and democratic press.

Research paper thumbnail of Public Journalism Movement

The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication, 2016

The public journalism movement, which began in the early 1990s and lost momentum a decade later, ... more The public journalism movement, which began in the early 1990s and lost momentum a decade later, sought to revitalize public life and civic engagement by encouraging the press to promote and improve opportunities for public debate and discussion. It invited journalists to find ways, through their coverage of local issues, to empower the community. Keywords: empowerment; journalism studies; media and society; political communication; public participation

Research paper thumbnail of Normative Theories of the Media by Clifford G. Christians, Theodore Glasser, Denis McQuail, Kaarle Nordenstreng & Robert A White Language Arts & Disciplines

Language Arts & Disciplines, Normative Theories of the Media, Oct 1, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of ETHICS AND ELOQUENCE IN JOURNALISM An

approach to press accountability

Research paper thumbnail of La autorregulación del periodismo: el papel de las asociaciones profesionales en una sociedad de la información

La Ventana Global Ciberespacio Esfera Publica Mundial Y Universo Mediatico 2002 Isbn 84 306 0464 2 Pags 281 302, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of Journalism and the second-person effect

Research paper thumbnail of Toward a New Freedom of Expression for Broadcasters

While the First Amendment guarantees an individ! ==-the right to be beard, this is an issue disti... more While the First Amendment guarantees an individ! ==-the right to be beard, this is an issue distinct fres assuring the opportunity to be heard. In broadcast media, the opportunity, or access, has been largely determined by tvc factors: econclice, or who owns the means to an audience, and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulation of the limited frequency spectrum.

Research paper thumbnail of Objectivity and the Ideology of News

A 1977 t.:ourt of Appeals decision, "Edwards v. National Audubon Society," outlined the principle... more A 1977 t.:ourt of Appeals decision, "Edwards v. National Audubon Society," outlined the principle of "neutral reportage": the press is not required to suppress newsworthy statements by public officials merely because the truth of those statements is doubtful. The author outlines this court case because it illustrates so well the consequences of the ethic of objectivity that has developed in journalism since the rise of the mass press in the 1800s. Originally a response to economic pressures, objectivity has become an ideal to strive for. In an effort to remain free from unrecognized prejudgments, journalists have concentrated on reporting rather than interpreting news, using themselves largely as vehicles for their sources' arguments, rebuttals, explanations, and criticisms. Nevertheless, their reporting reveals bias. In relying on official sources, reporters favor the prominent and established. Trying to record rather than interpret, journalists undervalue independent thinking as they obscure their own role in choosing and editing news. This ethic of objectivity is founded on a naive belief in a single reality derived from empirical facts. American journalism will not become truly responsible until it recognizes that facts and values are inseparable. (MM)

Research paper thumbnail of News Values and Narrative Themes: Irony, Hypocrisy and Other Enduring Values

This paper explores an alternative_way of studying. journalism in the classroom by focusing on co... more This paper explores an alternative_way of studying. journalism in the classroom by focusing on contemPorary jdurnalists' ironic treatment of morality. Tba paper examinet thaperformative character of the language of news, when the WOrdS inVedti4ative journalists use are cf interest not so much_for what theylay but for what they do. The paper establishes an approPriate-framework of irony as a rhetorical device, with emphasis owits'evaluatiVe-role and the implications of that role for journalists who, asr,a-mafter of professional obligation, must eschew explicit avaltation. The paper presents detailed examination of how irony works in the work of several distinguished reporters. (Twenty references are attached-.) (KEH)

Research paper thumbnail of The Press, Privacy, and Community Mores

Research paper thumbnail of Investigative Journalism and the Legitimation of Moral Order

Investigative journalists long have had an adversarial relationship with powerful institutions an... more Investigative journalists long have had an adversarial relationship with powerful institutions and those in public office, stemming from the "righteously indignant" reporters of the early nineteenth century penny presses who guarded the interests of the public. Currently, investigative journalists are in a difficult position if they have to report news of moral transgressions, while remaining morally neutral. When documenting transgressions, they tend to circumvent the problem by (1) citing the law, (2) citing codes of conduct, (3) citing experts, or (4) appealing to common sense. Yet all news, how objective it purports to be on its "surface level" is inherently linked to morals because the subject(s) of the story have crossed some moral boundary, identified by the reporter. Hence reporters in their role as "watchdogs" not only reflect the moral norms of society but actively fashion and legitimate the very consensus they ostensibly only convey. However, because investigative journalists select from a limited range of dominant moral standards, accept these standards uncritically, and present them "objectively," they can evade responsibility for contributing to the definition and legitimation of what usually appears to be an "independent" moral order. The values journalists espouse in the "deep level" of their stories only become apparent in a historical and cultural treatment of news. (Seven endnotes and 46 references are included.) (JC)

Research paper thumbnail of Communication and the Cultivation of Citizenship

Research paper thumbnail of On the Unfortunate Divide between Media Ethics and Media Law

The divide between press freedom and press accountability is of a piece with the broader divide b... more The divide between press freedom and press accountability is of a piece with the broader divide between media law and media ethics. Seeking a remedy, this paper draws on scholarly attempts to unify ethics and law by prioritizing the public act of discursive justification to provide an intellectual resource that recovers the role of the community in the theory and practice of journalism and law. By constructing a conceptual foundation to bridge these divides, this paper aspires to improve the prospects for developing an overarching normative framework and pedagogy cultivating the principles that clarify the rights and responsibilities of an independent and democratic press.