Sayantan Mukherjee | Smgoih - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sayantan Mukherjee
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Sep 1, 2022
In this paper, thermal conductivity and rheological properties of CNT water-based nanofluids were... more In this paper, thermal conductivity and rheological properties of CNT water-based nanofluids were experimentally measured, whereas density and heat capacity were evaluated from appropriate theoretical correlations. The influence of nanoparticle content and base fluids on thermophysical properties of nanofluids was presented and discussed. Then, the thermal performance and convective heat transfer of such nanofluids were investigated in a coaxial heat exchanger working in cocurrent flow. Fixed wall temperature boundary condition and laminar regime were also considered during the experiments. The results were presented discussing the effect of the entrance region, Reynolds number and nanofluids composition. Keywords CNT nanofluids Á Thermophysical properties Á Convective heat transfer List of symbols / Concentration (%) k Thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1) h Convective heat coefficient (W m-2 K) C p Specific heat (J kg-1 K-1) q Density (kg m-3) Nu Nusselt number Re Reynolds number T Temperature (°C) x Axial distance (m) e Thickness (m) D Inner diameter of the tube (m) m Mass flow rate (kg s-1) Special characters W Water EG Ethylene glycol N2 Nanofluids with water as base fluid N6 Nanofluids with EG ? water as base fluid wt Weight fraction Subscripts bf Base fluid np Nanoparticle nf Nanofluid th Thermocouple a Annular tube s Stainless steel
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Jul 8, 2020
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the pool boiling heat transfer of water cont... more This paper presents an experimental investigation on the pool boiling heat transfer of water containing Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles at 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% mass fractions at ambient pressure. A horizontal flat polished stainless steel plate was chosen as the boiling surface. Significant improvements in the boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux were recorded up to 0.1%. However, a decrease in heat transfer performance was observed at other concentrations. The surface wettability of nanofluids was improved as the static contact angle on the boiling surface decreased with an increase in mass fraction. The roughness of the boiling surface decreased due to the development of a layer of nanoparticles on it. Al 2 O 3-water nanofluids showed better boiling performance than TiO 2-water nanofluids. Finally, the present experimental outcomes are further compared and elucidated with the published reports and developed theories. This may be effective for a better understanding of pool boiling phenomena in nanofluids.
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2021
Abstract In the present experimental work, forced convective flow boiling heat transfer under sub... more Abstract In the present experimental work, forced convective flow boiling heat transfer under subcooled region was analysed with Al2O3/water nanofluid flow in a horizontal tube. Nanofluids at various wt.% such as 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% were prepared using two-step method. Stability of nanofluids was measured using Zeta potential analysis. Thermo-physical properties such as the thermal conductivity and viscosity of all test samples were estimated over 25°C-65 °C. An experimental test rig was setup to study the convective heat transfer using nanofluids. The effects of concentration, heat flux, flow rate, surface roughness on heat transfer coefficient were measured. The experimental result showed good stability in nanofluids without any surfactants. A significant increase in convective heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was found due to enhancement in the thermo-physical properties of nanofluids. Increase in pressure drop was registered with the rise of concentration and flow rate. Finally, performance evaluation criterion (PEC) showed that Al2O3 nanofluids can increase the overall thermal performance of the system by 94% in comparison with pure water.
Journal of Nanofluids, Aug 1, 2022
The thermo-fluidic performance of SiO2-water nanofluid (NF) flow inside a horizontal tube of circ... more The thermo-fluidic performance of SiO2-water nanofluid (NF) flow inside a horizontal tube of circular cross section were examined applying constant heat flux. An aqua based dispersion of SiO2 nanopowders with 16.58 nm average particle diameter were used as the working fluid with 0.15–0.35 vol.%. Experiments are conducted in the Reynolds number (Re) range of 2798.96–27989.62 maintaining the bulk temperature of the flow at 45 °C. Thermo-physical properties namely conductivity (k) and viscosity (μ) of NF were determined at various temperatures range of 25–65 °C. Maximum 13% enhancement in k and a maximum of 20% enhancement in μ were obtained at 0.35 vol.% as compared to basefluid. Heat transfer and friction factor (f) were increased with enhancing concentration and Re. The Nusselt number (Nu) increased upto 40% along with a maximum increase of 28.57% in f as compared to their basefluid. New empirical correlations for Nu and f of nanofluids were developed. Finally, a figure of merit (FOM) was determined, which reveals the potency of nanofluids as working fluid for rapid cooling applications.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, May 28, 2023
Springer eBooks, Nov 26, 2020
Current Science, Oct 25, 2021
The thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3-water nanofluid (NF) was investigated in this study utilizin... more The thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3-water nanofluid (NF) was investigated in this study utilizing ultrasonic velocity. The change in thermal conductivity was calculated by increasing the weight fraction from 0.01% to 1% for every 10°C elevation in the temperature range of 25-65°C. The thermal conductivity of NF augmented with an enhancement in nanoparticle concentration and rise in temperature. The thermal conductivity of NF was higher than that of basefluid. Finally, the experimental results were compared with classical thermal conductivity models and the thermal conductivity enhancement coefficient was further used to investigate thermal conductivity augmentation.
Sadhana-academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, Oct 28, 2022
Physics of Fluids, Nov 1, 2021
An experimental study to investigate the thermal performance of water/titania (TiO2) nanofluid un... more An experimental study to investigate the thermal performance of water/titania (TiO2) nanofluid under nucleate pool boiling was performed. A highly stable water/TiO2 nanofluid with varying weight concentrations of 0.15–1.5% was prepared with the application of polyvinyl alcohol as a surfactant. A dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analyses were performed to confirm the stability of the nanofluids. The effects of varying heat flux and weight concentration on the boiling characteristics and nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient (hNPB) were studied. According to the findings, the hNPB increased as heat flow and weight concentration increased. However, at a higher weight concentration of 1.5%, the enhancement was reduced. The highest enhancement in hNPB of nanofluids was found to be 78.76% with 0.50% weight concentration as compared to water. At the highest wall superheat of ∼16 K, the enhancement almost reduced 71.10% with 1.5% weight concentration. The drop in hNPB was ascribed to the deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on the heated surface during the boiling process, which resulted in a reduction in nucleation site density. New correlations of high prediction accuracies (R2 > 99.90%) are proposed to relate the wall superheat temperature with heat flux and hNPB.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Microgravity Science and Technology
Proceedings Of The Institution Of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal Of Process Mechanical Engineering, Sep 29, 2022
The development and implementation of transient heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in en... more The development and implementation of transient heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in energy management were studied. Ultrasonic-assisted SiO2/water nanofluids with 0.1–1.5 wt. % were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant. The stability of nanofluids was tested and confirmed using zeta potential and light absorbance measurement. Thermophysical properties of nanofluid were investigated at various weight concentrations from 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % in a temperature range of 25–70°C. Transient heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids were examined. Thermophysical properties were enhanced by adding nanoparticles to base fluid. A major enhancement in transient heat transfer characteristics was obtained by applying SiO2/water nanofluids. The convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) was increased up to 2.37 times compared to water. The heat absorbance efficiency of the system is increased by a maximum of 24.54%. Finally, a new CHTC correlation has been proposed.
Journal of engineering physics and thermophysics, Sep 1, 2022
Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal
International Journal of Thermal Sciences
Journal of Molecular Liquids
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems
Nanofluids are regarded as promising heat transfer fluid due to their ultrafast cooling capabilit... more Nanofluids are regarded as promising heat transfer fluid due to their ultrafast cooling capability. However, stability analysis of nanofluids is very critical before its application in heat transfer .The present paper reports about an investigation on the stability of water-based Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids at ambient temperature. Nanoparticles, namely Al2O3 and TiO2 at different concentrations of 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 wt.% respectively were directly dispersed in water without adding any dispersant and placed in a static container to observe gravitation settling. Change of sedimentation height with respect to time was measured using the sedimentation photograph capturing method. DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and zeta potential analysis were also executed to examine the stability of nanofluids. The results show that the visualization method, DLS and zeta potential analysis are in good correspondence to each other. Sedimentation velocity increases with an increase in nanoparticle...
Energies
Entropy generation is always a matter of concern in a heat transfer system. It denotes the amount... more Entropy generation is always a matter of concern in a heat transfer system. It denotes the amount of energy lost as a result of irreversibility. As a result, it must be reduced. The present work considers an investigation on the turbulent forced convective heat transfer and entropy generation of Al2O3-Ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluid inside a circular tube subjected to constant wall temperature. The study is focused on the development of an analytical framework by using mathematical models to simulate the characteristics of nanofluids in the as-mentioned thermal system. The simulated result is validated using published data. Further, Genetic algorithm (GA) and DIRECT algorithm are implemented to determine the optimal condition which yields minimum entropy generation. According to the findings, heat transfer increases at a direct proportion to the mass flow, Reynolds number (Re), and volume concentration of nanoparticles. Furthermore, as Re increases, particle concentration should be d...
Journal of Cluster Science
The objective of the present work is to analyze the consequences of the sonication period on the ... more The objective of the present work is to analyze the consequences of the sonication period on the colloidal stability and thermal conductivity of SiO2–water nanofluid. Ultrasonication assisted two-step method was applied to prepare SiO2–water nanofluid at two different concentrations of 0.5 and 1 wt% without any surfactant. The sonication period varied from 1 to 3 h. Particle size was analysed by direct light scattering (DLS). Zeta potential analysis and light absorbance test were performed to check the colloidal stability of nanofluids. The thermal conductivity of nanofluid was measured over the temperature range of 25–60 °C. The obtained results indicate that increasing sonication time is crucial for the enhacement in stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluid. With increasing temperature, the thermal conductivity of nanofluids also increased. Moreover, at lower temperature, sonication plays a dominant role on thermal conductivity enhacement in nanofluids. The investigation concludes that a minimum 2.5 h of sonication is required for the better performance of nanofluids.
International Journal of Thermophysics
The convective flow boiling characteristics of aqueous Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids are presented in... more The convective flow boiling characteristics of aqueous Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids are presented in this paper. Stable suspensions of aqueous Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids at two different concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 wt% were prepared and allowed to flow through a horizontal annulus under varying heat flux from 26,140.132 to 53,573.503 W⋅m−2 and varying flow rates from 3 to 6 L⋅min−1. Parametric effects of nanoparticle concentration, heat flux, and flow rate on the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were studied. Variation in pressure drop and pumping power at studied concentration and flow rates was estimated. In addition to that, bubble growth and nucleation site were analyzed using flow visualization technique. Enhancement in the HTC was obtained with increasing concentration and flow rate. A maximum of 2.4 times enhancement in HTC relative to water was observed. Bubble growth and nucleation site density increased with increasing heat flux and nanofluid concentration. Pressure drop and pumping power increased with nanoparticle addition and even at such a low-flow condition. Highest pressure drop of 33.33 % was registered with nanofluids at 0.1 wt%. The change in heating surface roughness due to particle deposition affects heat transfer performance. Finally, figure of merit showed that nanofluids are better alternatives to their basefluids for superior heat transfer.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Sep 1, 2022
In this paper, thermal conductivity and rheological properties of CNT water-based nanofluids were... more In this paper, thermal conductivity and rheological properties of CNT water-based nanofluids were experimentally measured, whereas density and heat capacity were evaluated from appropriate theoretical correlations. The influence of nanoparticle content and base fluids on thermophysical properties of nanofluids was presented and discussed. Then, the thermal performance and convective heat transfer of such nanofluids were investigated in a coaxial heat exchanger working in cocurrent flow. Fixed wall temperature boundary condition and laminar regime were also considered during the experiments. The results were presented discussing the effect of the entrance region, Reynolds number and nanofluids composition. Keywords CNT nanofluids Á Thermophysical properties Á Convective heat transfer List of symbols / Concentration (%) k Thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1) h Convective heat coefficient (W m-2 K) C p Specific heat (J kg-1 K-1) q Density (kg m-3) Nu Nusselt number Re Reynolds number T Temperature (°C) x Axial distance (m) e Thickness (m) D Inner diameter of the tube (m) m Mass flow rate (kg s-1) Special characters W Water EG Ethylene glycol N2 Nanofluids with water as base fluid N6 Nanofluids with EG ? water as base fluid wt Weight fraction Subscripts bf Base fluid np Nanoparticle nf Nanofluid th Thermocouple a Annular tube s Stainless steel
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Jul 8, 2020
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the pool boiling heat transfer of water cont... more This paper presents an experimental investigation on the pool boiling heat transfer of water containing Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles at 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% mass fractions at ambient pressure. A horizontal flat polished stainless steel plate was chosen as the boiling surface. Significant improvements in the boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux were recorded up to 0.1%. However, a decrease in heat transfer performance was observed at other concentrations. The surface wettability of nanofluids was improved as the static contact angle on the boiling surface decreased with an increase in mass fraction. The roughness of the boiling surface decreased due to the development of a layer of nanoparticles on it. Al 2 O 3-water nanofluids showed better boiling performance than TiO 2-water nanofluids. Finally, the present experimental outcomes are further compared and elucidated with the published reports and developed theories. This may be effective for a better understanding of pool boiling phenomena in nanofluids.
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2021
Abstract In the present experimental work, forced convective flow boiling heat transfer under sub... more Abstract In the present experimental work, forced convective flow boiling heat transfer under subcooled region was analysed with Al2O3/water nanofluid flow in a horizontal tube. Nanofluids at various wt.% such as 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% were prepared using two-step method. Stability of nanofluids was measured using Zeta potential analysis. Thermo-physical properties such as the thermal conductivity and viscosity of all test samples were estimated over 25°C-65 °C. An experimental test rig was setup to study the convective heat transfer using nanofluids. The effects of concentration, heat flux, flow rate, surface roughness on heat transfer coefficient were measured. The experimental result showed good stability in nanofluids without any surfactants. A significant increase in convective heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was found due to enhancement in the thermo-physical properties of nanofluids. Increase in pressure drop was registered with the rise of concentration and flow rate. Finally, performance evaluation criterion (PEC) showed that Al2O3 nanofluids can increase the overall thermal performance of the system by 94% in comparison with pure water.
Journal of Nanofluids, Aug 1, 2022
The thermo-fluidic performance of SiO2-water nanofluid (NF) flow inside a horizontal tube of circ... more The thermo-fluidic performance of SiO2-water nanofluid (NF) flow inside a horizontal tube of circular cross section were examined applying constant heat flux. An aqua based dispersion of SiO2 nanopowders with 16.58 nm average particle diameter were used as the working fluid with 0.15–0.35 vol.%. Experiments are conducted in the Reynolds number (Re) range of 2798.96–27989.62 maintaining the bulk temperature of the flow at 45 °C. Thermo-physical properties namely conductivity (k) and viscosity (μ) of NF were determined at various temperatures range of 25–65 °C. Maximum 13% enhancement in k and a maximum of 20% enhancement in μ were obtained at 0.35 vol.% as compared to basefluid. Heat transfer and friction factor (f) were increased with enhancing concentration and Re. The Nusselt number (Nu) increased upto 40% along with a maximum increase of 28.57% in f as compared to their basefluid. New empirical correlations for Nu and f of nanofluids were developed. Finally, a figure of merit (FOM) was determined, which reveals the potency of nanofluids as working fluid for rapid cooling applications.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, May 28, 2023
Springer eBooks, Nov 26, 2020
Current Science, Oct 25, 2021
The thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3-water nanofluid (NF) was investigated in this study utilizin... more The thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3-water nanofluid (NF) was investigated in this study utilizing ultrasonic velocity. The change in thermal conductivity was calculated by increasing the weight fraction from 0.01% to 1% for every 10°C elevation in the temperature range of 25-65°C. The thermal conductivity of NF augmented with an enhancement in nanoparticle concentration and rise in temperature. The thermal conductivity of NF was higher than that of basefluid. Finally, the experimental results were compared with classical thermal conductivity models and the thermal conductivity enhancement coefficient was further used to investigate thermal conductivity augmentation.
Sadhana-academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, Oct 28, 2022
Physics of Fluids, Nov 1, 2021
An experimental study to investigate the thermal performance of water/titania (TiO2) nanofluid un... more An experimental study to investigate the thermal performance of water/titania (TiO2) nanofluid under nucleate pool boiling was performed. A highly stable water/TiO2 nanofluid with varying weight concentrations of 0.15–1.5% was prepared with the application of polyvinyl alcohol as a surfactant. A dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analyses were performed to confirm the stability of the nanofluids. The effects of varying heat flux and weight concentration on the boiling characteristics and nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient (hNPB) were studied. According to the findings, the hNPB increased as heat flow and weight concentration increased. However, at a higher weight concentration of 1.5%, the enhancement was reduced. The highest enhancement in hNPB of nanofluids was found to be 78.76% with 0.50% weight concentration as compared to water. At the highest wall superheat of ∼16 K, the enhancement almost reduced 71.10% with 1.5% weight concentration. The drop in hNPB was ascribed to the deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on the heated surface during the boiling process, which resulted in a reduction in nucleation site density. New correlations of high prediction accuracies (R2 > 99.90%) are proposed to relate the wall superheat temperature with heat flux and hNPB.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Microgravity Science and Technology
Proceedings Of The Institution Of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal Of Process Mechanical Engineering, Sep 29, 2022
The development and implementation of transient heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in en... more The development and implementation of transient heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in energy management were studied. Ultrasonic-assisted SiO2/water nanofluids with 0.1–1.5 wt. % were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant. The stability of nanofluids was tested and confirmed using zeta potential and light absorbance measurement. Thermophysical properties of nanofluid were investigated at various weight concentrations from 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % in a temperature range of 25–70°C. Transient heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids were examined. Thermophysical properties were enhanced by adding nanoparticles to base fluid. A major enhancement in transient heat transfer characteristics was obtained by applying SiO2/water nanofluids. The convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) was increased up to 2.37 times compared to water. The heat absorbance efficiency of the system is increased by a maximum of 24.54%. Finally, a new CHTC correlation has been proposed.
Journal of engineering physics and thermophysics, Sep 1, 2022
Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal
International Journal of Thermal Sciences
Journal of Molecular Liquids
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems
Nanofluids are regarded as promising heat transfer fluid due to their ultrafast cooling capabilit... more Nanofluids are regarded as promising heat transfer fluid due to their ultrafast cooling capability. However, stability analysis of nanofluids is very critical before its application in heat transfer .The present paper reports about an investigation on the stability of water-based Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids at ambient temperature. Nanoparticles, namely Al2O3 and TiO2 at different concentrations of 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 wt.% respectively were directly dispersed in water without adding any dispersant and placed in a static container to observe gravitation settling. Change of sedimentation height with respect to time was measured using the sedimentation photograph capturing method. DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and zeta potential analysis were also executed to examine the stability of nanofluids. The results show that the visualization method, DLS and zeta potential analysis are in good correspondence to each other. Sedimentation velocity increases with an increase in nanoparticle...
Energies
Entropy generation is always a matter of concern in a heat transfer system. It denotes the amount... more Entropy generation is always a matter of concern in a heat transfer system. It denotes the amount of energy lost as a result of irreversibility. As a result, it must be reduced. The present work considers an investigation on the turbulent forced convective heat transfer and entropy generation of Al2O3-Ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluid inside a circular tube subjected to constant wall temperature. The study is focused on the development of an analytical framework by using mathematical models to simulate the characteristics of nanofluids in the as-mentioned thermal system. The simulated result is validated using published data. Further, Genetic algorithm (GA) and DIRECT algorithm are implemented to determine the optimal condition which yields minimum entropy generation. According to the findings, heat transfer increases at a direct proportion to the mass flow, Reynolds number (Re), and volume concentration of nanoparticles. Furthermore, as Re increases, particle concentration should be d...
Journal of Cluster Science
The objective of the present work is to analyze the consequences of the sonication period on the ... more The objective of the present work is to analyze the consequences of the sonication period on the colloidal stability and thermal conductivity of SiO2–water nanofluid. Ultrasonication assisted two-step method was applied to prepare SiO2–water nanofluid at two different concentrations of 0.5 and 1 wt% without any surfactant. The sonication period varied from 1 to 3 h. Particle size was analysed by direct light scattering (DLS). Zeta potential analysis and light absorbance test were performed to check the colloidal stability of nanofluids. The thermal conductivity of nanofluid was measured over the temperature range of 25–60 °C. The obtained results indicate that increasing sonication time is crucial for the enhacement in stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluid. With increasing temperature, the thermal conductivity of nanofluids also increased. Moreover, at lower temperature, sonication plays a dominant role on thermal conductivity enhacement in nanofluids. The investigation concludes that a minimum 2.5 h of sonication is required for the better performance of nanofluids.
International Journal of Thermophysics
The convective flow boiling characteristics of aqueous Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids are presented in... more The convective flow boiling characteristics of aqueous Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids are presented in this paper. Stable suspensions of aqueous Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids at two different concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 wt% were prepared and allowed to flow through a horizontal annulus under varying heat flux from 26,140.132 to 53,573.503 W⋅m−2 and varying flow rates from 3 to 6 L⋅min−1. Parametric effects of nanoparticle concentration, heat flux, and flow rate on the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were studied. Variation in pressure drop and pumping power at studied concentration and flow rates was estimated. In addition to that, bubble growth and nucleation site were analyzed using flow visualization technique. Enhancement in the HTC was obtained with increasing concentration and flow rate. A maximum of 2.4 times enhancement in HTC relative to water was observed. Bubble growth and nucleation site density increased with increasing heat flux and nanofluid concentration. Pressure drop and pumping power increased with nanoparticle addition and even at such a low-flow condition. Highest pressure drop of 33.33 % was registered with nanofluids at 0.1 wt%. The change in heating surface roughness due to particle deposition affects heat transfer performance. Finally, figure of merit showed that nanofluids are better alternatives to their basefluids for superior heat transfer.
Abstract— Nanofluid, a product of nanotechnology has already achieved an active area of research... more Abstract— Nanofluid, a product of nanotechnology has already
achieved an active area of research due to its enhanced thermo
physical properties over the base fluids like water, oil etc.
Nanofluids possess an outstanding potential to improve heat
transfer and energy efficiency in several areas of science and
engineering. Application of nanofluids in automobiles is one of
them. This review paper sheds light on the use of nanofluids in
automobiles for various applications such as coolant, fuel
additives, lubricants and shock absorbers based on the current
research. Additionally, the paper is written to create the
awareness on the impact of nanofluid technology on future
automotive industries.