Anni H M Donaldson | University of Strathclyde, Glasgow (original) (raw)

Papers by Anni H M Donaldson

Kriminologijos studijos, Jun 14, 2022

Postwar Scotland remained a deeply patriarchal country. Domestic abuse was common yet widely unde... more Postwar Scotland remained a deeply patriarchal country. Domestic abuse was common yet widely under-reported by the women it affected. This article argues that police and criminal justice agencies in Scotland 1960-1990 were 'working patriarchies' which created significant barriers to reporting. Oral history narratives from domestic abuse survivors, police and criminal justice professionals reveal deeply patriarchal workplaces and practices designed to maintain longstanding traditions of the patriarchal family. These inhibited reporting, denied women access to safety and justice in private life and contributed to women's continuing inequality in postwar Scottish society.

Children's lives in context-postwar and late twentieth century Scotland Housing and living condit... more Children's lives in context-postwar and late twentieth century Scotland Housing and living conditions Family economies-paid and unpaid work Education Patriarchy in practice Family dynamics Growing up with domestic abuse Alcohol Child sexual abuse Extended families Community hierarchies of gender and power Leaving an abusive relationship on the 1960s and 1970s Conclusion 6 LIVING WITH DOMESTIC ABUSE IN SCOTLAND CIRCA 1960 TO CIRCA 1992-WOMEN'S EXPERIENCES These findings provide evidence that where domestic abuse in all its forms was a feature of intimate relationships, it continued to be a key element in the continuum of male dominance and control over women stretching across the private and public domains. This occurred in an enduring context of patriarchy in Scotland in ways which continued to reproduce women's structural inequality into the late twentieth century.

Those who study and work in our universities are no more immune to domestic abuse, rape, sexual v... more Those who study and work in our universities are no more immune to domestic abuse, rape, sexual violence and harassment than those in the general population. Statistics show that stalking, harassment, sexual assault and domestic abuse are significant issues facing Scottish women today and university age women are no exception, with 1 in 4 reporting unwanted sexual behaviour during their studies and one in five experiencing sexual harassment during their first week of term (National Union of Students (NUS) 2013). The NUS (2012) survey explicitly connects a university ‘lad culture’ with the normalisation of “language and attitudes that are supportive of sexual harassment and violence”. This paper presents data from a research project that is implementing the Scottish Government violence against women and girls policy ‘Equally Safe’ in a higher education setting. The project is mirroring the Equally Safe response in its four work streams of: Curriculum / Knowledge Exchange, Campus Policy, HR And Campus Safety, Primary Prevention and Early Intervention. Underpinning this policy driven response the project also involves a multi-methodology framework to generate data on a whole university student and staff population to capture prevalence and incidence data via an online survey, and employing interviews and focus groups to capture experiential and attitudinal data. This will be the first whole university sample data for the UK.

Sexual violence in UK universities has been the focus of significant media attention in the last ... more Sexual violence in UK universities has been the focus of significant media attention in the last year with 1 in 4 women students reporting unwanted sexual behaviour during their studies and one in five experiencing sexual harassment during their first week of term (NUS, 2013). These papers consider five different approaches to tackling gender-based violence on campus across Scotland and England and across sectors. Dr Melanie McCarry and Anni Donaldson present data from their research implementing ‘Equally Safe’ in a Higher Education setting which reflects the Scottish Government (SG) strategy for Prevention and Early Intervention. The paper discusses our multi-methodology research framework which will generate the first UK dataset on a whole university student and staff population, capture prevalence and incidence data via an online survey, and use interviews and focus groups to capture experiential and attitudinal data.

Gender Based Violence: Background and Policy Context Gender-based violence (hereafter GBV) can af... more Gender Based Violence: Background and Policy Context Gender-based violence (hereafter GBV) can affect children, young people and adults, take multiple forms and occurs in a diverse range of settings. It refers to any actions that result in physical, sexual and psychological harm or suffering to women, children and young people, or undermines their human dignity, through, for example, threats, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life. GBV includes but is not limited to: physical, sexual emotional and psychological abuse; sexual harassment, bullying and intimidation in any public, private or online space, including the workplace; commercial sexual exploitation, including prostitution, lap dancing, stripping, pornography and trafficking; child sexual abuse, including familial sexual abuse, child sexual exploitation and online abuse; 'honour based' violence, including dowry related violence, female genital mutilation, forced and child marriages, and 'honour' crimes. In 2014-15, of the 59,882 domestic abuse incidents recorded by police Scotland, 79% had a female victim and a male perpetrator, and 95% of recorded rapes or attempted rapes had a female victim and male perpetrator (Scottish Government, 2016, 8). A review of epidemiological studies found that GBV in all its forms is 'almost universally under-reported' (Watts & Zimmerman, 2002: 5-7). This was echoed by the authors of a more recent European-wide study which also noted systematic under-reporting. (F.R.A. 2014:12). It is defined as 'gender based' because it is carried out predominantly by men and directed at women and girls, precisely because of their gender. It is acknowledged that GBV may impact individuals of any age, gender, sexual orientation, faith or ethnicity. In Scotland, for example, it is estimated that at least one in five women will experience domestic abuse in their lifetime, one in three girls report some form of sexual violence in intimate relationships and 4% of women have experienced serious sexual assault since the age of 16 (Scottish Government, 2016). Worldwide, GBV affects the lives of 1 in 3 women (Garia-Moreno et al 2005). The impact of GBV is multi-faceted and moves through different domains of life, throughout the life-course and across social space. Experiencing any form of GBV can harm survivors' physical and mental health, negatively impact their wellbeing and ability to undertake daily tasks, to work or study. Exposure to all forms of GBV, whether one off or prolonged, can induce a traumatic response. Victims/survivors can face substantial personal, social, cultural and service risks and barriers to disclosure (Holland & Cortina 2007; Francis, Loxton & James 2017). Equally Safe, the Scottish Government strategy to tackle violence against women and girls uses a gendered analysis and definition of violence and abuse, conceptualising GBV as both a cause, and consequence, of gender inequality. Put simply, GBV is caused by the fact that men and women are unequal, and in turn, causes the inequality between men and women. The definition adopted by the Scottish Government frames the different forms of emotional, psychological, physical and sexual abuse of women and girls within the gendered reality of men's and women's lives and within the context of women's subordinate status. In 2018, women still have unequal access to power, decision-making and participation throughout all areas of public life, with women comprising approximately 27% of the 3,029 positions of power, authority and influence

The role of HEIs in changing attitudes to gender-based violence (GBV) is crucial to the Scottish ... more The role of HEIs in changing attitudes to gender-based violence (GBV) is crucial to the Scottish Government's strategic vision outlined in its national strategy Equally Safe . Women comprise over half of all Scottish students and make up 45% of the academic workforce. A third of all sexual offences in Scotland involve female victims aged 18, over a third of sexual offenders are aged 17-25 and 4% of women in Scotland have experienced serious sexual assault since age 16. Despite the significance of these figures there is a growing evidence base which points to women's well-being in the educational sector being traditionally 'marginalised' in research and policy . This research is developing a national HEI toolkit, Equally Safe in Higher Education (ESHE) at the University of Strathclyde. This will generate baseline data on GBV across a whole HEI campus by piloting a mixed mode research methodology. This will be the first Scottish dataset on GBV across a whole campus cohort; including student-student and staff-student abuse. This baseline data is crucial for informing the development of effective responses, preventative measures and the provision of support. The survey methodology will address five research questions related to GBV: prevalence, attitudes, disclosure rates, service uptake and perceptions of campus safety. This paper will outline the context, aims and objectives of ESHE, methodology and preliminary findings from the pilot survey.

In Scotland, the majority of victims of GBV (including domestic abuse, rape, sexual assault and f... more In Scotland, the majority of victims of GBV (including domestic abuse, rape, sexual assault and forced marriage) and a substantial proportion are aged between 16 and 25 years. While Scotland has similarities with UK-wide approaches to preventing gender-based violence, its distinctiveness comes from its commitment to framing national policy within the context of a gendered analysis of abuse emphasising the inter-play between gendered power relations and gender inequality. ‘Equally Safe’ outlines current Scottish Government policy for the prevention and elimination of VAW. Scottish universities have a crucial role to play in achieving this strategic vision and there is now growing recognition that Scottish HEIs also have a responsibility to reframe existing policy frameworks in order to incorporate robust measures to prevent GBV on their campuses. Of the estimated 223,000 students in Scotland, 57% are women. Recent NUS research (including a small Scottish sample) found that 1 in 4 women students in the UK were subject to unwanted sexual behaviour during their studies. There is clearly a need to investigate the wider extent of GBV on Scottish campuses. As part of a wider research and KE team, the presenters are currently implementing Equally Safe in a HEI setting. The two-year Equally Safe in Higher Education (ESHE) project will generate new data on attitudes to, and the extent of, gender-based violence on campus and produce a national toolkit for Higher Education. This paper will outline our distinctive partnership approach and current progress in implementing national policy across four work-streams: Prevention; Early Intervention; Corporate Policy, Campus Safety and Staff Development; Curriculum Development and Knowledge Exchange. Additionally, this paper will present early findings from the research stream which includes a campus-wide survey and staff and student interviews.

Bristol University Press eBooks, Jun 2, 2018

ESHE Toolkit aligns itself with the Scottish Government and the United Nations in their recogniti... more ESHE Toolkit aligns itself with the Scottish Government and the United Nations in their recognition that GBV is both a cause and consequence of gender inequality.

This chapter examines the policy context of prevention work on gender based violence (GBV) in UK ... more This chapter examines the policy context of prevention work on gender based violence (GBV) in UK universities, with a focus on Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It first provides an overview of the current situation facing UK universities as they develop their responses to GBV before contextualising this by identifying the key factors that influence GBV policy in each country using a three-point conceptual framework. It then reviews current developments in universities' approaches to the issue of GBV in their national context and concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges facing the UK higher education sector as it develops its approach to GBV prevention. The chapter proposes a theoretical framework that involves a gendered analysis and a whole sector response, along with intervention and prevention programmes that include universities getting involved in local coordinated community responses to GBV and adopting a whole systems approach to GBV.

Survey of domestic abuse support services for children and young people, 2008

A survey of support services for children and young people experiencing domestic abuse in the Wes... more A survey of support services for children and young people experiencing domestic abuse in the West Dunbartonshire area of Scotland.

Report on a Pilot Domestic Abuse Prevalence Study, 2003

A report on a pilot study examining the prevalence of domestic abuse among women primary care pat... more A report on a pilot study examining the prevalence of domestic abuse among women primary care patients in the Lomond area of Argyll and Clyde including establishing reasons for non-disclosure to medical personnel.

ARGYLL AND CLYDE DOMESTIC ABUSE PREVALENCE (DAP) STUDY, 2005

A report on a study examining the prevalence of domestic abuse among women patients attending Pri... more A report on a study examining the prevalence of domestic abuse among women patients attending Primary Care in the Lomond LHCC area of Argyll and Clyde in Scotland, including establishing reasons for non-disclosure to medical personnel.

The early history of St James the Less St James-The-Less Episcopal Church - 1872-1914, 2023

This article describes the early history of a 19th century urban Scottish Episcopal Church and is... more This article describes the early history of a 19th century urban Scottish Episcopal Church and is based on original research carried out in the Church's archives. Originally an urban mission, the Church was established at a time when the Springburn area of Glasgow was growing rapidly. A massive influx of workers from Ireland, the Scottish Highlands, England and beyond, settled in an area which was fast becoming one of the most important centres of locomotive manufacture in the world. The congregation grew in step with the changing nature of the area, its people and industries. This early history highlights the links between the Church's establishment and growth and the industrialisation of Springburn itself. It provides new insights into some of the tensions between different Church factions vying for the souls of the area's migrants. There are also fascinating a glimpses into the social and cultural world of the congregation of St James the Less in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century prior to the outbreak of World War 1.

Stopping Gender-based Violence in Higher Education, Nov 11, 2011