Paweł Larionow | Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Poland (original) (raw)

Papers by Paweł Larionow

Polish Psychological Forum, 2024

Introduction: Students are increasingly facing psychological problems and experiencing academic b... more Introduction: Students are increasingly facing psychological problems and experiencing academic burnout. In order to design effective psychological help for students, it is necessary to identify risk factors (e.g., health symptoms) and protective factors (e.g., personal and study-related resources) against academic burnout. The aim of this study was to determine the role of selected psychological factors, including risk factors and protective factors, in academic burnout.

Material and methods: The study involved 350 students of the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, (263 women, 82 men, and 5 non-binary people), ranging in age from 17 to 53 years (M = 22.84, SD = 4.65). A set of self-report questionnaires was used to examine students' psychological resources (e.g., vitality, passion for studying) and health symptoms (e.g., somatic symptoms). The most significant psychological factors associated with academic burnout were identified using regression analysis. Using qualitative questions, factors that positively and negatively affect students' subjective well-being in college were analysed.

Results: There was a high prevalence of positive screening results for symptoms of anxiety (57.14%) and depression (45.43%). Almost all of the risk factors analysed, including somatic complaints, stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms, were associated with higher levels of academic burnout. In contrast, protective factors against burnout, including vitality, resilience, general academic self-efficacy, and harmonious passion for studying, were associated with lower levels of academic burnout. The regression analysis showed that harmonious passion for studying was the most significant predictor of low levels of academic burnout.

Conclusions: The study highlighted the importance of harmonious passion for the prevention of academic burnout and pointed to the necessity of conducting regular (screening) studies of mental and somatic health, which seems important for creating effective ways to prevent academic burnout in students.

Healthcare, 2024

Background/Objectives: The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13) is a thirteen-item measure of eco-anx... more Background/Objectives: The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13) is a thirteen-item measure of eco-anxiety, with four dimensions: (1) affective symptoms, (2) rumination, (3) behavioural symptoms, and (4) anxiety about personal impact. Being a recently developed questionnaire, data on its psychometrics are limited. The aim of this study was to introduce a Polish version of the HEAS-13 and examine its psychometric properties. Methods: Our sample consisted of 634 Polish-speaking adults, with ages ranging from 18 to 67 years. We assessed the HEAS-13’s factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliabilities, and its concurrent validity via relationships with climate-related variables, psychopathology symptoms, and well-being. We put emphasis on examining the discriminant validity of the HEAS-13 against general psychological distress. Results: As expected, the Polish HEAS-13 demonstrated strong factorial validity with an intended four-factor structure. The internal consistency and test–retest reliabilities of the scale were good and moderate, respectively. Higher levels of eco-anxiety were associated with higher environmental concerns, the experience of climate change (i.e., one’s perception of being affected by climate change), pro-environmental behavioural engagement, climate change worry, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, as well as lower levels of well-being. We empirically supported the strong discriminant validity of the HEAS-13, demonstrating that eco-anxiety was separable from general psychological distress. We also noted that females, younger people, and those with lower educational levels experienced higher eco-anxiety. To facilitate the use of this measure, we propose a potential screening cut-off value for the HEAS-13, which can indicate meaningfully elevated levels of eco-anxiety. Conclusions: Overall, the Polish version of the HEAS-13 has strong psychometric properties, usefully enabling the examination of climate-related anxiety. Our findings highlight its potential in cross-cultural research and healthcare practice.

Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health, 2024

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form (ERQ-S) is a brief 6-item self-report measure of ... more The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form (ERQ-S) is a brief 6-item self-report measure of two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. It is a short form of the most widely used emotion regulation measure in the field, but currently there are limited data on the performance of the ERQ-S. The aim of this study was to introduce a Polish version of the ERQ-S, examine its psychometric properties and provide Polish norms to aid score interpretation. Our sample was 574 Polish-speaking adults aged 18-69 from the general community in Poland. We examined the ERQ-S's factor structure and measurement invariance with confirmatory factor analysis. We assessed the concurrent validity of the questionnaire via relationships with psychopathology symptoms and well-being. As expected, the Polish version of the ERQ-S demonstrated strong factorial validity with a theoretically congruent 2-factor structure (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression factors), which was invariant across gender, age and education categories. The ERQ-S's concurrent validity and internal consistency reliability were good. As expected, cognitive reappraisal was significantly associated with lower psychopathology symptoms and higher well-being, whereas the opposite pattern was present for expressive suppression. Overall, the Polish version of the ERQ-S has strong psychometric properties and good clinical relevance.

Kwestionariusz regulacji emocji – Pozytywne/negatywne emocje (KRE–PN) służy do oceny różnic indyw... more Kwestionariusz regulacji emocji – Pozytywne/negatywne emocje (KRE–PN) służy do oceny różnic indywidualnych w nawykowym stosowaniu dwóch strategii regulacji emocji: przeformułowania poznawczego (tj. zmiany sposobu myślenia o sytuacji w celu zmiany jej wpływu emocjonalnego) i tłumienia ekspresji (tj. tłumienia behawioralnej ekspresji emocji) w odniesieniu do emocji pozytywnych i emocji negatywnych oddzielnie (De Jesús-Romero i in., 2024). Wyniki ERQ–PN oblicza się dla każdej z tych strategii, przy czym wyższe wyniki wskazują na wyższy poziom wykorzystywania tych strategii.

Skale podatności na zarażenie pozytywnymi i negatywnymi emocjami (Positive and Negative SEC Scale... more Skale podatności na zarażenie pozytywnymi i negatywnymi emocjami (Positive and Negative SEC Scales; PNSEC; Marx i in., 2024) to 8-pozycyjny kwestionariusz samoopisowy oceniający poziom podatności na zarażenie afektywne w odniesieniu do emocji pozytywnych i emocji negatywnych.

Skala trudności w regulacji emocji (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–8; DERS–8; Penner i ... more Skala trudności w regulacji emocji (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–8; DERS–8; Penner i in., 2022) to 8-pozycyjny kwestionariusz samoopisowy oceniający poziom trudności w regulacji emocji. Aby obliczyć wynik DERS–8, należy zsumować wszystkie odpowiedzi. W razie jakichkolwiek pytań dotyczących polskiej wersji DERS–8 uprzejmie prosimy o kontakt mailowy: Paweł Larionow (pavel@ukw.edu.pl).

Journal of Sexual and Mental Health, 2024

Introduction: Originally developed in English, the Perth Empathy Scale (PES) is a 20-item self-re... more Introduction: Originally developed in English, the Perth Empathy Scale (PES) is a 20-item self-report measure of empathy, designed to assess cognitive empathy and affective empathy across both negative and positive emotions. Recently, the Polish version of the PES was introduced, which demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Material and methods: In the present study, we aimed (1) to further examine the psychometrics of the Polish PES, with a focus on measurement invariance testing, and (2) to facilitate use of the scale by providing norms for Polish adults. Our sample included 1112 Polish-speaking adults aged 18–77 years, recruited from the general community in Poland. The PES’s factor structure and measurement invariance were verified with confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were assessed, and percentile rank norms were calculated. Results: The Polish version of the PES demonstrated strong factorial validity, with support for the intended 4-factor structure, and invariance across females and males. The PES scores showed good to excellent internal consistency reliability. There were gender differences in PES scores, with higher empathy in females than in males. Due to this, Polish percentile rank norms for the PES were presented for females and males separately. Conclusions: Overall, as in the first Polish study on the PES, the scale further demonstrated strong psychometric performance.

Preprint, 2024

The Importance of Increasing Visibility on Gender Identity in Research Dear Editor, We are writin... more The Importance of Increasing Visibility on Gender Identity in Research Dear Editor, We are writing to highlight the importance of increasing the visibility of gender identity in research. Recent studies indicate a rise in people identifying as non-binary (i.e., not exclusively identifying as woman or man) [1], underlining that traditional binary gender categories may no longer be sufficient. This demographic shift highlights the necessity to reevaluate our data collection methods on gender identity. Therefore, including questions about gender identity in research instruments is an issue of inclusivity and can be crucial for gathering comprehensive data. Gender-related topics remain understudied [2]. Currently, the data are missing because non-binary people are invisible in research. By including non-binary individuals, we can ensure they accurately represent the diversity of the examined populations. Consequently, it could lead to a better understanding of gender non

Healthcare, 2024

Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) plays a significant role in the medical care of transgend... more Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) plays a significant role in the medical care of transgender individuals, helping to align their physical characteristics with their gender identity. While numerous studies have investigated the impact of GAHT on adults, research focusing on its effects on the quality of life (QoL) of transgender youth is limited. In this opinion paper, we aim to address selected challenges associated with gender-affirming medical care, such as (1) the necessity for evidence-based youth gender-affirming medical care, (2) the urge to explore different approaches to gender-affirming medical care diversely in transgender youth research, and (3) understanding the challenges of the detransition process (which refers to stopping or reversing gender-affirming medical or surgical treatments), as well as suggest possible solutions for meaningful progress. Notably, the available evidence underlines a positive impact of GAHT on various aspects of QoL of transgender youth, such as mental health and social functioning, by alleviating gender dysphoria, improving body satisfaction, and facilitating appearance congruence (the degree to which an individual’s physical appearance represents their gender identity). However, challenges related to methodological limitations, as well as ethical considerations, and several sociocultural factors highlight the need for further research to better understand the long-term effects of GAHT on the QoL of transgender youth. Ethical considerations, such as ensuring informed consent and weighing potential benefits against risks, are pivotal in guiding healthcare decisions. Additionally, navigating these ethical responsibilities amid sociocultural contexts is crucial for providing inclusive and respectful care to transgender youth. Addressing these research gaps is, therefore, crucial to developing successful healthcare programmes, raising awareness, and promoting the holistic well-being of transgender youth through comprehensive and affirming care.

Healthcare, 2024

Developing valid and reliable measures of psychological responses to climate change is of high im... more Developing valid and reliable measures of psychological responses to climate change is of high importance, as this facilitates our understanding of people’s psychological responses, including their pro-environmental behavior. Recently, the Climate Change Worry Scale (CCWS) was introduced. This study aimed to develop the first Polish version of the CCWS and explore its psychometric properties. Our sample comprised 420 Polish adults aged 18–70, with a mean age of 26.20 (standard deviation = 10.61) years. The CCWS’s factor structure was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis. McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were computed to assess internal consistency reliability. Pearson correlations between climate change worry (CCW) and experience of climate change (i.e., an individual’s level of perception of being affected by climate change), pro-environmental behavior, ill-being (i.e., anxiety and depression symptoms), and well-being were calculated. Our results support the strong factorial validity of the CCWS, conforming to its intended one-factor solution, with excellent internal consistency reliability for the total scale score (i.e., McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.93). We noted large positive correlations between CCW and experiences of climate change, as well as pro-environmental behavior, and medium positive correlations with psychopathology symptoms. CCW scores were not associated with well-being. As the CCWS represents a measure of a specific manifestation of worry, we also examined its discriminant validity against more general psychological distress markers, and it evidenced strong validity in this regard. Overall, the Polish version of the CCWS appears to have strong psychometric properties, and will therefore be a useful tool to use in research on psychological responses to climate change.

Behavioral Sciences, 2014

Passion for studying can be considered a significant factor that promotes well-being and mental h... more Passion for studying can be considered a significant factor that promotes well-being and mental health in students. This study aimed to examine whether the psychological characteristics of students with a passion for studying differed from those of students without one. To compare these two groups, we used a set of different psychological variables (e.g., academic burnout and vitality), as well as integrated both person-centered (i.e., group comparison research) and variable-centered (i.e., correlational analysis) approaches. During classes, one hundred and fifty-four students from a Polish university completed a comprehensive set of short self-report questionnaires online on different psychological characteristics, including variables related to studying (i.e., passion for studying, academic burnout, and general academic self-efficacy), psychopathology symptoms, perceived stress and somatic complaints, as well as personal resources (vitality, resilience, self-esteem, and optimism). We noted multiple statistically significant differences in psychological characteristics between the two studied groups of students. Thus, harmonious passionate students tended to have more favorable psychological characteristics within variables related to studying, mental or somatic health symptoms, and personal resources compared to the non-passionate students. A harmonious passion for studying seems to have potential health-promoting and health-protecting effects, whereas a lack of passion for studying may lead to less favorable outcomes.

Этот опросник направлен на выяснение того, как вы управляете своими эмоциями и реагируете на них.

Социальная психология и общество, 2024

Цель. Изучение связи между привязанностью к домашним питомцам и просоциальными качествами личност... more Цель. Изучение связи между привязанностью к домашним питомцам и просоциальными качествами личности – экологической идентичностью, моральными мотивами и экологическим стилем жизни.
Контекст и актуальность. Привязанность к домашним питомцам исследуется в контексте терапии с использованием животных и защиты прав животных, однако вопрос о возможном вкладе этого феномена в развитие гуманного отношения к людям до сих пор остается открытым. Можно ли ожидать, что привязанность к питомцу обладает гуманизирующим воздействием или она сохраняет свою специфичность, не будучи связанной с просоциальными установками владельца животного – этот исследовательский вопрос отражает основную проблему исследования.
Дизайн исследования. Исследование проводилось по корреляционному плану; данные собирались онлайн при помощи сервиса 1ka.si.
Участники. Выборка исследования состояла из 284 респондентов (224 женщины, 60 мужчин, возраст от 18 до 76 лет, Mвозраст = 25,4, SDвозраст = 9,7, преимущественно владельцы котов и собак, преимущественно граждане России).
Методы (инструменты). Использовались стандартизированные опросники – подготовленная в ходе настоящего исследования русскоязычная модифицированная версия Лексингтонской шкалы привязанности к питомцам, Модель моральных мотивов, Шкала экологической идентичности и опросник Экологический стиль жизни.
Результаты. Обнаружено, что разные характеристики привязанности к питомцу действительно связаны с экологической идентичностью, моральными мотивами (за исключением самоограничения) и социальным экоактивизмом. Показано также, что два качества привязанности к питомцам (права питомцев и переживание счастья от общения с питомцем) в разных сочетаниях предсказывают мотивы непричинения вреда, помощи, социальной справедливости и социальный экоактивизм.
Основные выводы. Привязанность к питомцам действительно связана с просоциальными качествами личности, преимущественно отражающими активную жизненную позицию владельца питомца; нет связи с феноменами самоограничения.

Originally developed in English, the Perth Empathy Scale (PES) is a 20-item self-report measure o... more Originally developed in English, the Perth Empathy Scale (PES) is a 20-item self-report measure of empathy designed to
assess cognitive empathy and affective empathy across both negative and positive emotions. Recently, the Polish version of
the PES was introduced, which demonstrated strong psychometric properties. In the present study, we aimed (1) to further
examine the psychometrics of the Polish PES, with a focus on measurement invariance testing, and (2) to facilitate use of the
scale by providing norms for Polish adults. Our sample were 1112 Polish-speaking adults aged 18–77 years, recruited from
the general community in Poland. The PES’s factor structure and measurement invariance were verified with confirmatory
factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were assessed. Percentile rank norms were calculated. The Polish
version of the PES demonstrated strong factorial validity, with support for the intended 4-factor structure, and invariance
across females and males. The PES scores showed good to excellent internal consistency reliability. There were gender
differences in PES scores, with higher empathy in females than in males. Due to this, Polish percentile rank norms for the PES
were presented for females and males separately. Overall, as in the first Polish study on the PES, the scale further
demonstrated strong psychometric performance.

Behavioral Sciences, 2024

Multidimensional models of perfectionism postulate the existence of various perfectionism traits,... more Multidimensional models of perfectionism postulate the existence of various perfectionism traits, with different effects on mental health. In order to suggest parsimonious targets in psychological interventions for university students, this study aimed to explore whether, how, and which individual perfectionism traits are uniquely associated with stress and well-being. The participants were 253 students aged 18–30 who completed the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. Controlling for the common variance of perfectionism traits in statistical analysis, it was shown that (1) Personal Standards were associated with higher well-being and lower stress, (2) Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Actions were related to lower well-being and higher stress, (3) Parental Expectations and Parental Criticism were not correlated with stress, and (4) Parental Criticism was associated with lower well-being. In the multi-predictor mediation model, with five perfectionism traits as predictors, perceived stress was a significant mediator between several perfectionism traits (i.e., Personal Standards, Concern over Mistakes, and Doubts about Actions) and well-being. Overall, Personal Standards, Concern over Mistakes, and Doubts about Actions seem to be parsimonious psychological targets, with Personal Standards expressing mental health-promoting effects, whereas Parental Expectations and Parental Criticism seem to be less important psychological targets.

Journal of Sexual and Mental Health, 2024

Alexithymia is a trait involving difficulties identifying feelings, difficulties describing feeli... more Alexithymia is a trait involving difficulties identifying feelings, difficulties describing feelings, and an externally orientated thinking style. It is an important risk factor for a range of psychopathologies, and its assessment is therefore important in research and clinical settings. Originally created in English, the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire-Short Form (PAQ-S) is a brief 6-item self-report measure of alexithymia. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the first Polish version of the PAQ-S and to provide norms to help facilitate the interpretation of PAQ-S scores. Our sample was 1115 Polish-speaking adults (661 females, 438 males, and 16 non-binary gender) aged 18-72 from the general community in Poland. The PAQ-S's factor structure and measurement invariance was explored with confirmatory factor analysis, and the convergent and divergent validity of the questionnaire was assessed via relationships with psychopathology symptoms and well-being. As expected, the Polish PAQ-S demonstrated strong factorial validity, and was invariant across age and gender. Convergent and divergent validity was also empirically supported, and internal consistency reliability was good. Overall, the Polish PAQ-S therefore appears to have strong psychometric properties much like the original English form, with its brief format being promising for allowing robust alexithymia assessments in a range of settings. Percentile rank norms and high alexithymia cutoff scores for Polish adults are presented.

Краткая форма Пертского опросника алекситимии

Discover Psychology, 2024

Alexithymia is a trait involving deficits in emotion processing. As an important risk factor for ... more Alexithymia is a trait involving deficits in emotion processing. As an important risk factor for a wide range of psychopathologies, its assessment is important in both research and clinical practice. Originally developed in English, the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire-Short Form (PAQ-S) is a 6-item self-report measure of alexithymia, with its brevity designed to enable alexithymia assessments in a wide range of settings. In the present research, we aimed to introduce the first Russian version of the PAQ-S and examine its psychometric properties. Our sample consisted of 203 Russian-speaking adults aged 18-74 years, recruited from the general community in Russia. The PAQ-S's factor structure was verified with confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validity was assessed via relationships with psychopathology symptoms and well-being. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated. The Russian version of the PAQ-S demonstrated strong factorial validity, with support for the intended 1-factor structure as an overall marker of alexithymia. The PAQ-S total scale score showed good internal consistency reliability. As expected, its convergent and divergent validity was also supported. PAQ-S scores were significant predictors of higher ill-being (anxiety, depression, and stress) and lower well-being, thus demonstrating the high clinical relevance of the alexithymia construct as measured by the PAQ-S. There were no gender differences in PAQ-S scores, and alexithymia was higher in younger people and those with less education. Overall, the Russian PAQ-S therefore demonstrated strong psychometric properties as a brief and robust measure of overall alexithymia, performing similarly to other language versions.

Current Psychology, 2023

Originally developed in English, the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) is a self-report measure... more Originally developed in English, the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) is a self-report measure of beliefs about the controllability and usefulness of negative and positive emotions. In this study, we introduce the Polish version and examine its psychometric properties and links with emotional outcomes. Our sample was 914 Polish adults aged 18-70 from the general population. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to verify the factor structure. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed based on the relationship between the EBQ and emotional reactivity traits as well as markers of anxiety, depression, and stress. We assessed internal consistency reliability. We also examined discriminant validity by conducting exploratory factor analyses of EBQ scores and emotional reactivity traits and psychopathology symptoms. We evaluated criterion validity by conducting a set of multiple regression analyses, examining whether EBQ scores could predict significant variance in psychopathology symptoms. Our factor analyses supported the EBQ's factorial validity, conforming to the intended 4-factor structure (subscales: negative-controllability, positive-controllability, negative-usefulness, positiveusefulness), with support also found for a higher-order general factor (e.g., CFI = 0.941, RMSEA = 0.063). This structure was invariant across gender and age categories. The EBQ subscales correlated in expected directions with emotional reactivity traits and psychopathology symptoms. The EBQ showed good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.77-0.88) and discriminant validity. Beliefs about the uncontrollability of negative emotions were the strongest unique predictor of psychopathology symptoms. We also presented percentile rank norms for Polish adults. The Polish version of the EBQ appears to have strong psychometric properties and good clinical relevance.

Polish Psychological Forum, 2024

Healthcare, 2024

Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health, 2024

Journal of Sexual and Mental Health, 2024

Preprint, 2024

Healthcare, 2024

Behavioral Sciences, 2014

Этот опросник направлен на выяснение того, как вы управляете своими эмоциями и реагируете на них.

Социальная психология и общество, 2024

Behavioral Sciences, 2024

Journal of Sexual and Mental Health, 2024

Краткая форма Пертского опросника алекситимии

Discover Psychology, 2024

Current Psychology, 2023

W artykule omówiono aktualne problemy i trendy w stosowaniu metod diagnostycznych w psychologii k... more W artykule omówiono aktualne problemy i trendy w stosowaniu metod
diagnostycznych w psychologii klinicznej. Dodatkowo przedstawiono opis
pracy z techniką projekcyjną „Personalna bajka” i na przykładzie analizy
bajki skomponowanej przez pacjenta uzależnionego od alkoholu pokazano
możliwości zastosowania tej metody. W pracy odnotowano zalety i wady
zarówno technik projekcyjnych, jak i metod kwestionariuszowych, a także
podkreślono specyfikę ich zastosowania w psychologii klinicznej. Obecnie
w praktyce klinicznej istnieje nadmierna tendencja do wykorzystania kwestionariuszy i innych metod opartych na samoopisie, co nie pozwala na uzyskanie całościowego obrazu osobowości chorego. W następstwie utrudnia to
opracowanie osobowościowo zorientowanych programów zapobiegania i leczenia zaburzeń psychicznych.
Podstawy teoretyczne techniki „Personalna bajka” bazują na koncepcji
strategii życiowych, którą Eric Berne zdefiniował jako „scenariusz życiowy”,
Alfred Adler jako „plan życiowy” lub „styl życia”, Ludwig Binswanger jako
„projekt świata” i „wewnętrzną historię życia” oraz Roberto Assagioli jako
identyfikację ze wzorem osobowym i samorealizację według jego modelu.Przedstawiony w artykule przykład analizy bajki napisanej przez pacjenta uzależnionego od alkoholu pokazuje możliwości techniki „Personalna bajka” w badaniu scenariusza życiowego pacjenta oraz jego procesów
intrapsychicznych, które mogą być związane z dynamiką rozwoju choroby. Pozwala to dokładniej wyjaśnić jej psychopatogenezę i określić cele
psychoterapeutyczne.
Słowa kluczowe: technika „Personalna bajka”, skrypt życiowy, analiza
transakcyjna, diagnostyka projekcyjna

Зейгарниковские чтения. Диагностика и психологическая помощь в современной клинической психологии: проблема научных и этических оснований, 2020

Alexithymia is a multidimensional construct, which consists of two components-affective and cogni... more Alexithymia is a multidimensional construct, which consists of two components-affective and cognitive. The affective component of alexithymia is represented by the two alexithymic features, which are low emotional arousability and the poverty of fantasy and imagination. The cognitive component of alexithymia includes three features and is expressed in difficulty identifying emotions, difficulty verbalizing emotional states and the poor level of analyzing person's own emotions. The affective and cognitive components of alexithymia are based on various neuropsychological mechanisms [3; 5]. B. Bermond et al. tend to believe that there are several types of alexithymia. Type I alexithymia is expressed in cognitive and emotional deficits (severity of all alexithymic traits). Type II alexithymia is observed within the absence of any deficit in the emotional sphere, but in the presence of a deficit in the cognitive one (the personality has three strongly expressed alexithymic features related to the cognitive component of the alexithymia construct). Alexithymia type III is diagnosed in the presence of deficits in the emotional sphere and their absence in the cognitive one [3]. On the one hand, scholars consider alexithymia to be a personality risk factor for psychosomatic diseases [4]. On the other hand, alexithymia is more likely to be a personality trait that can be shown in both normal and pathological conditions [1]. The role of alexithymia in psychosomatic health is determined depending on the alexithymic personality's living conditions, the characteristics of their activity and the system of relationships.