Azad K Saeed | University of Sulaimani (original) (raw)

Papers by Azad K Saeed

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Jul 1, 2022

Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) is the most damaging component of sunlight. It rapidly activates ... more Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) is the most damaging component of sunlight. It rapidly activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excessive quantities that quickly overwhelm tissue antioxidants. Setting and Design: To demonstrate the effects of UVB radiation on EGFR expression in mice skin and to evaluate the role of antioxidants in the exposed group. Materials and Methods: After obtaining the approval of the ethical committee, forty mice from BALB/c strain were used in this experiment and were allocated into 3 groups; 10 (control group); 15 (exposure group); and 15 (exposed and treated with antioxidants). Antioxidants were administered through subcutaneous injection. Skin biopsies from all groups were stained with EGFR antibodies. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was evaluated in all groups. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan′s test, and Pearson′s Correlation. Results: The highest EGFR ex...

Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018

Advances in Biology, 2015

The main environmental source for skin damage is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Many adverse effects... more The main environmental source for skin damage is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Many adverse effects have been recognized as the result of prolonged cutaneous exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, such as erythema, edema, apoptosis, hyperplastic responses, photo-aging, and skin cancer development. Green tea provides photo-protection against UV radiation through many mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea in reducing epidermal thickness on mouse’s skin exposed to UVB irradiation. Thirty mice (Mus musculus species, BALB/c strain) underwent this study and were divided into 3 groups: control group (n=10 mice), without UVB exposure and green tea administration; exposure group (n=10 mice), which were exposed to UVB light only; and treatment group (n=10 mice), which were exposed to UVB light and treated with 1 mL of green tea through oral gavage. Mice from both groups (exposure and ...

A B S T R A C T The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of UVB in synergizing to... more A B S T R A C T The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of UVB in synergizing toxicity effect of xylene on mouse skin. Forty adult albino Mus musculus species, BALB/c strain mice were used and designed into four groups, Group A (Control group, n=10) which was not exposed to UVB and Xylene, Group B (n=10) exposed to Xylene, Group C (n=10) which were exposed to UVB light only, while the remainder group (Group D, n=10) were exposed to Xylene and UVB. Mice from group B and D were exposed to 1ml of xylene with mice from group C exposed to UVB for 30 minutes 4days/week (6 weeks). The control group showed normal epidermal thickness, the mean of the group was equaled as 7. 035µm, in xylene group there was moderately increased of epidermal thickness as recorded as 37.064 µm, In group C there was a huge epidermal thickness and recorded as 136.341µm, while epidermal thickness was slightly decreased in Xylene and UVB group and registered as 73.971µm, in comparison to UVB expose...

Fifty-six mice were classified into four groups; Group A (control group, n=8), Group B (exposure ... more Fifty-six mice were classified into four groups; Group A (control group, n=8), Group B (exposure group, n=16), Group C (n=16) treated with sunscreen 15 minutes before UVB irradiations and group D (n=16) sunscreen treated 60 minutes before UVB exposure. Mice were irradiated 30 minutes 5days/week (12 weeks), and group C-D treated five days/week (12 weeks). Skin samples were taken in the mid and end of the experiment. The result of this study revealed that, epidermal thickness in group A was 7.155µm. At the mid-period of the experiment, severe epidermal hyperplasia was observed in group B with epidermal thickness 118.712µm, while in group C and D mild to moderate epidermal hyperplasia were noted with decreasing epidermal thickness to 64.154 and 90.042µm respectively. At the end of the experiment in Group B epidermal thickness reached to 281.35µm with seborrheic keratosis development, whereas in group C and D totally inhibited the development of seborrheic keratosis and epidermal thickn...

Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 2016

Liver fluke disease (fascioliasis) is an important parasitic disease may responsible for morbidit... more Liver fluke disease (fascioliasis) is an important parasitic disease may responsible for morbidity and mortality in most species of animals, like sheep, goat and cattle, as well as other domestic ruminants. The common causative agents are Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. The study aimed to detect the gross and microscopic lesions accompanied with chronic bovine liver Fascioliasis of local and Friesian cattle breeds in Sulaimani region and compared it with the same lesions in different species and breeds in other parts of the world according to the available literatures. During March to April 2013, fifty infected bovine livers of different ages were collected from Sulaimani abattoir, and examined grossly. Samples were taken from these livers parenchyma and bile ducts for histopathological examinations. The histopathological examinations illustration presence of different lesions in the liver parenchyma including, hepatocytes swelling, fatty changes, accumulation of bile pigment in...

Ultraviolet B (UVB) is the most damaging component of sunlight. It rapidly activates the epiderma... more Ultraviolet B (UVB) is the most damaging component of sunlight. It rapidly activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excessive quantities that quickly overwhelm tissue antioxidants. To demonstrate the effects of UVB radiation on EGFR expression in mice skin and to evaluate the role of antioxidants in the exposed group. After obtaining the approval of the ethical committee, forty mice from BALB/c strain were used in this experiment and were allocated into 3 groups; 10 (control group); 15 (exposure group); and 15 (exposed and treated with antioxidants). Antioxidants were administered through subcutaneous injection. Skin biopsies from all groups were stained with EGFR antibodies. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was evaluated in all groups. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan's test, and Pearson's Correlation. The highest EGFR expression in exposure group was of score 3(+) (53%). The highest EGFR expressio...

MSc Thesis, 2011

Committee Certification ii iii ‫َرة]‬ ‫َق‬ ‫الب‬ ُ ‫َة‬ ‫ُور‬ ‫[س‬ ‫َرة]‬ ‫َق‬ ‫الب‬ ُ ‫َة‬ ‫ُور‬... more Committee Certification ii iii ‫َرة]‬ ‫َق‬ ‫الب‬ ُ ‫َة‬ ‫ُور‬ ‫[س‬ ‫َرة]‬ ‫َق‬ ‫الب‬ ُ ‫َة‬ ‫ُور‬ ‫[س‬ Acknowledgement iv Thanks to God for giving me the patience and strength to achieve this study. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and humble regards to my supervisor, Assistant professor Dr. Nabil Salmo, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, who introduced me to scientific research and for his guidance during the course of this study and for his patience, support and encouragement. I wish to express my deep gratitude to the Dean, Professor Dr. Aumed Othman for permitting me to carry out this study and to use the facilities of this College. My deepest thanks and gratitudes are due to Dr. Rzgar R. Sulaiman, former manager of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and all of the staff of Veterinary Teaching Hospital for their support and help in carrying out my work. Special thanks are due to Dr. Shilan M. Salih, for her support and encouragement throughout this study. I would also like to express my special thanks and appreciation to my graduate colleague, Dr. Snur M. Hassan for her help and kind cooperation throughout the period of this work. My deepest thanks and gratitudes are due to Dr. Newroz A. Tahir in the College of Agriculture for helping me with statistical analysis. I also express my profound sense of gratitude to all the doctors and technicians in the Histopathology Department of Shoresh Hospital for their cooperation and assistance, especially Dr. Michael Hughson and Miss Wesen A. Ali for their helpful assistance and generous support during my research study. Last, but not the least, I am thankful to all those who helped me directly or indirectly in carrying out this study.

Photo-protective Measurements of Almond Oil on UVB-Irradiated Mouse’s Skin and Cyclin D1 Expression, 2019

UVB radiations are among the major contributors for developing different skin lesions in humans a... more UVB radiations are among the major contributors for developing different skin lesions in humans and animals. This study was designed to show the photo-protective role of both natural and commercial almond oils against the skin lesions and cyclin D1 expression induced by UVB irradiations. A total of forty adult mice (six-weeks old), were employed in this study and distributed randomly to four groups (10 mice/group) as follows: Group A (control group, without UVB irradiation and treatment), Group B irradiated with UVB only, Group C (irradiated with UVB and treated with natural almond oil), and Group D (irradiated with UVB and treated with commercial almond oil). Histomorphometry was performed for each case by measuring skin layers' thickness, measuring the diameter of epidermal inclusion cysts and scoring the cyclin D1, and counting the positive cells. Group A, demonstrated the normal skin layers' thickness (Epidermis: 6.9±0.05µm, dermis: 64.1±2.16µm, hypodermis: 27±3.84µm). In group B, UVB increased the skin layers' thickness (Epidermis: 125.5±6.43µm, dermis: 148.2±7.84µm, hypodermis: 131.5±9.99µm) with a mean number 14 for epidermal inclusion cysts. Natural almond oil reduced the layers' thickness: 65.9±2.78µm (Epidermis), 98.4±6.98µm (Dermis), 112.4±7.46µm (Hypodermis), but the epidermal inclusion cysts were 15.6. While group D, the commercial almond oil was less photo-protective in comparison to the natural almond oil. Skin thickness became: 73.5±3.52µm (Epidermis), 107.5±7.73µm (Dermis), 114.4±4.33µm (Hypodermis) with increasing the epidermal inclusion cyst to 20.4. The counting system for cyclin D1 revealed 15.9±0.5, 37.9±0.45, 38.6±0.99, 36.6±1.36 for groups AD respectively. Almond oil had a beneficial role in reducing skin thickness upon UVB irradiations, but it had the risk to develop epidermal inclusion cysts and no effective role in cyclin D1 expression.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of UVB in synergizing toxicity effect of... more The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of UVB in synergizing
toxicity effect of xylene on mouse skin. Forty adult albino Mus musculus species,
BALB/c strain mice were used and designed into four groups, Group A (Control
group, n=10) which was not exposed to UVB and Xylene, Group B (n=10) exposed
to Xylene, Group C (n=10) which were exposed to UVB light only, while the
remainder group (Group D, n=10) were exposed to Xylene and UVB. Mice from
group B and D were exposed to 1ml of xylene with mice from group C exposed to
UVB for 30 minutes 4days/week (6 weeks). The control group showed normal
epidermal thickness, the mean of the group was equaled as 7. 035μm, in xylene
group there was moderately increased of epidermal thickness as recorded as 37.064
μm, In group C there was a huge epidermal thickness and recorded as 136.341μm,
while epidermal thickness was slightly decreased in Xylene and UVB group and
registered as 73.971μm, in comparison to UVB exposed group. We demonstrated
that UVB increased the effect of xylene several fold in relation to effect of xylene
alone that have not been recorded in Xlyene group.

Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2015

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to detect histopathologic lesions in different rat org... more ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to detect histopathologic lesions in different rat organs after chronic exposure to formaldehyde vapor. Forty adult albino Wistar rats were used in this experiment. Animals were divided into two groups; Control group (n=10; 5 males and 5 females) which were not exposed to formaldehyde at all, while the remainders regarded as the experimental group (exposed to formaldehyde for 21 days, n=30; 15 males and 15 females). The histopathologic examination in our study revealed several changes in exposed group such as; chronic tracheitis, squamous metaplasia of lining epithelium and tracheal glands with occurrence dysplasia in the lining epithelium, interstitial pneumonia, hydropic degeneration in the hepatocytes, epidermal hyperplasia, interstitial glomerulonephritis with atrophy of glomeruli. We concluded that the overexposure of formaldehyde produced lesions in different organs but their toxic effects were seen predominantly in respiratory system.

Background MAST CELLS AND APOPTOTIC BODIES IN SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN U... more Background MAST CELLS AND APOPTOTIC BODIES IN SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN UVB INDUCED SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS IN MICE AND SPORADIC CASES IN HUMANS Nabil AM Salmo *, Azad Kareem Saeed**, Snur Muhammad-Amin Hassan*** and Hasanaein H Khudeir**** Submitted 17 th September 2013; accepted 18 th February 2014 ABSTRACT Background Exposure to ultraviolet type B (UVB) radiation induces a number of pathologic changes in skin, including erythema, edema, epidermal hyperplasia, sunburn cell formation, immune suppression and eventually leads to cancer development. Objective To elucidate the differences in histological appearances of mast cells and apoptotic bodies between the two species (mice and human) among hyperkeratotic and acanthotic types of seborrheic keratosis (SK). Materials and methods Thirty paraffin blocks were used in this study; fifteen histologically confirmed acanthotic and hyperkeratotic SK cases in human (9 acanthotic and 6 hyperkeratotic) and fifteen blocks f...

The present study was designed to investigate the pathological lesions in different organs induce... more The present study was designed to investigate the pathological lesions in different organs induced by chronic Ultraviolet type B (UVB) and Xylene exposure in mice. Forty mice were used in this study and divided into four groups; Group A (Control group, n=10) not exposed to UVB and Xylene, Group B (n=10) exposed to Xylene through painting the mouse's back skin, Group C (n=10) which were exposed to UVB light only, while the remainder group (Group D, n=10) were exposed to Xylene and UVB. The dorsal skin of mice from group B and D were painted with 1ml of Xylene whereas the animals in the group C and D exposed to UVB light for 30 minutes 4 days/week (6 weeks). The result showed that Xylene exposure in group B produced chronic tracheitis, bronchitis, no specific lesions were found in the liver, spleen and kidney. UVB exposure in group C caused chronic tracheitis, lesions like lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, and atelectasis, cellular swelling in the liver and kidney and follicular depletion in the spleen. In group D, the lesions became more prominent when animals exposed to both Xylene and UVB. We concluded that Xylene exposure has an adverse effect in some internal organs of mice, but not to all, when combined with UVB exposure it exaggerates its adverse effects on all of the examined organs.

The main environmental source for skin damage is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Many adverse effects... more The main environmental source for skin damage is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Many adverse effects have been recognized as the result of prolonged cutaneous exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, such as erythema, edema, apoptosis, hyperplastic responses, photo-aging, and skin cancer development. Green tea provides photo-protection against UV radiation through many mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea in reducing epidermal thickness on mouse's skin exposed to UVB irradiation. Thirty mice (Mus musculus species, BALB/c strain) underwent this study and were divided into 3 groups: control group (í µí± = 10 mice), without UVB exposure and green tea administration; exposure group (í µí± = 10 mice), which were exposed to UVB light only; and treatment group (í µí± = 10 mice), which were exposed to UVB light and treated with 1 mL of green tea through oral gavage. Mice from both groups (exposure and treatment) were subjected to UVB irradiation 4 days/week (20 minutes/day, 4 weeks). It concluded that oral administration of green tea was provided photo-protection against UVB induced hyperplasia; therefore, it can be regarded as a natural alternative for photo-protection.

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Jul 1, 2022

Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018

Advances in Biology, 2015

Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 2016

MSc Thesis, 2011

Photo-protective Measurements of Almond Oil on UVB-Irradiated Mouse’s Skin and Cyclin D1 Expression, 2019

Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2015

The main environmental source for skin damage is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Many adverse effects... more The main environmental source for skin damage is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Many adverse effects have been recognized as the result of prolonged cutaneous exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, such as erythema, edema, apoptosis, hyperplastic responses, photo-aging, and skin cancer development. Green tea provides photo-protection against UV radiation through many mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea in reducing epidermal thickness on mouse's skin exposed to UVB irradiation. Thirty mice (Mus musculus species, BALB/c strain) underwent this study and were divided into 3 groups: control group (í µí± = 10 mice), without UVB exposure and green tea administration; exposure group (í µí± = 10 mice), which were exposed to UVB light only; and treatment group (í µí± = 10 mice), which were exposed to UVB light and treated with 1 mL of green tea through oral gavage. Mice from both groups (exposure and treatment) were subjected to UVB irradiation 4 days/week (20 minutes/day, 4 weeks). It concluded that oral administration of green tea was provided photo-protection against UVB induced hyperplasia; therefore, it can be regarded as a natural alternative for photo-protection.