Kamaran Salh Rasul | University of Sulaimani (original) (raw)

Papers by Kamaran Salh Rasul

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 7, 2023

Agriculture, Sep 19, 2022

Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, Jul 14, 2022

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Jun 12, 2023

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2024

The reticulated iris is one of the most attractive wild ornamentals and bulbous irises and is wid... more The reticulated iris is one of the most attractive wild ornamentals and bulbous irises and is widely distributed throughout the mountains of the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Because little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of this plant species in Iraq, this study was undertaken to fill that gap. In the present study, 10 start codon-targeted (SCoT) polymorphic and 10 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 50 wild reticulated iris accessions from five different sites in Iraqi Kurdistan. Overall, the SCoT and SRAP markers produced 135 and 87 polymorphic bands, respectively. The average number of polymorphic bands (TPB), number of observed alleles (Na), Shannon’s information index (I), effective number of alleles (Ne), expected heterozygosity or gene diversity (He), polymorphic information content, and unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) were 13.7, 1.54, 0.35, 1.40, 0.23, 0.31, and 0.25, respectively, for the SCoT markers and 8.7, 1.54, 0.36, 1.40, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.25, respectively, for the SRAP markers. According to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram and structure analysis, SCoT markers grouped 50 reticulated iris accessions into two main clades with some subclades, SRAP markers separated these accessions into four main clades, and the combination of both markers divided all accessions into five main clades. The analysis of molecular variance revealed 80.00, 76.00, and 78.38% variability within populations using SCoT, SRAP, and SCoT+SRAP markers, respectively. Except for the private band numbers for the SCoT, SRAP, and SCoT+SRAP markers, population 3, population 1, and population 3 had the highest diversity indices, respectively. The highest genetic similarity among populations was revealed by the SRAP markers between population 2 and population 3, with 92% similarity. The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of these markers for determining genetic variation in iris accessions, in addition to their use in conserving germplasm and genome diversity.

Heliyon

The environmental non-element cadmium (Cd) is toxic to all forms of life, and it also has a negat... more The environmental non-element cadmium (Cd) is toxic to all forms of life, and it also has a negative impact on plant development and growth. In order to ascertain the effects of cadmium on tomato growth and the function of oak leaf biomass in the reduction of toxicity and translocation of cadmium in different parts of tomato genotypes, two tolerant and two sensitive tomato genotypes were exposed to cadmium stress through the availability or unavailability of oak leaf biomass. The experiment involved two factors. The first factor was the various treatment levels, including soil without Cd treatment and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) oak leaf biomass pretreatment (COC-control), soil with Cd treatment and without NaOH oak leaf biomass pretreatment (CdC), and soil with Cd treatment and NaOH oak leaf biomass pretreatment (CdOBC). The second element consists of four tomato genotypes. Comparing to control conditions, all tomato genotypes spotted significant reductions in all morphological traits under Cd stress in the presence or absence of NaOH oak leaf pretreatment. Related to CdC conditions, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight per plant, shoot fresh weight per plant, root dry weight per plant, shoot dry weight per plant, and total fruit weight per plant were significantly improved by 4.25%, 9.75%, 23.24%, 10.10%, 28.10%, 9.08%, and 4.61%, respectively, under the availability of pretreatment of oak leaf biomass. The tolerant genotypes (Karazi and Sirin) exhibited the greatest increase in all traits evaluated, with the exception of root length, under the CdOBC condition compared to the CdC statement. Significant increases in leaf biochemical parameters were seen with the availability or absence of NaOH pretreatment of oak leaf biomass in the soil. The maximum values of proline content, soluble sugar content, antioxidant activity, and guaiacol peroxidase were stated in the presence of oak biomass under Cd conditions (CdOBC), with mean values of 1772.46 μg g −1, 687.18 μg g −1, 1025.74 μg g −1-, and 0.43 units min −1 g −1, respectively. The in vitro-tolerant genotypes exhibited the maximum values of all biochemical parameters. The concentration of cadmium in the studied tomato genotypes revealed that cadmium accumulated more in the roots than other parts. According to these outcomes, NaOH pretreatment of oak leaf biomass can be employed to diminish the hazard of cadmium absorption by edible parts.

Heliyon, 2023

Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2022

Accessions are a prospective source of genetic variability, as well as valuable genetic resources... more Accessions are a prospective source of genetic variability, as well as valuable genetic resources for crop improvement. Assessing the population structure and genetic diversity of Iraqi tomato accessions is therefore critical in breeding programs for the production of high-yielding cultivars, as well as widening the genetic base of tomato. Using fruit quality indices and molecular markers, a panel of 64 tomato accessions taken from six northern provinces of Iraq were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure. In the analysis of variance, the fruit phenotypic data revealed a high level of significant variability (p ≤ 0.01) among tomato accessions. The most important characteristics for explaining fruit morphological variability, according to principal component analysis (PCA), were fruit weight, fruit size, fruit diameter, total soluble solids, and moisture content. Seven clades with different fruit characteristics were revealed in the cluster analysis. Genetic diversity and relationships among accessions were analyzed using thirteen inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), twenty-six start codon-targeted (SCoT) polymorphisms, and fifteen conserved DNA-derived polymorphisms (CDDP). The ISSR, SCoT, and CDDP markers generated 121, 294, and 170 polymorphic bands, respectively, showing a high prevalence of polymorphism. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) values for ISSR, SCoT, and CDDP were 0.81, 0.84, and 0.84, respectively. The accessions were divided into two groups based on the cluster and STRUCTURE analysis results. The Mantel test revealed that three sets of markers had a positive and significant relationship. The increased genetic variation within the populations was found by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), indicating considerable gene exchange between populations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first extensive report on the use of gene-targeted molecular markers for genetic diversity analysis of tomato accessions in Iraq. Our findings demonstrated the utility of these markers for genetic diversity study in tomato accessions, as well as their potential for genome diversity and germplasm conservation.

Agronomy

Soil contamination by heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), which is present as a result of agricult... more Soil contamination by heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), which is present as a result of agricultural and industrial practices, is a critical problem in many countries around the world. High Cd concentrations in crops during the seedling stage can have a negative impact on performance and growth. The aim of the present study, which involved 59 barley accessions, was to investigate the effects of different Cd concentrations (125, 250, and 500 µM) on the responses of the barley accessions and to identify the biomarker parameters that would aid in the early growth stage selection of the best-performing accession. Barley accessions differed significantly in their morphological and physiochemical characteristics. Compared to the untreated plants, treatments with Cd lowered germination percentages by 1.75–64.28%, 1.67–46.62%, and 1.66–61.90% for concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 μM, respectively. The average of all genotypes showed significant reductions in root length, shoot length, an...

Journal of Plant Production, 2020

This research was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of ... more This research was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani. This study was applied to determine the effect of some extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Ammi majus and different types of soil on seed germination, seedling growth and phytochemical contents as well as fresh and dry weights of Moringa olefera. The significant effects of some extracts were observed on the studied parameters of the moringa plant. The highest germination percentage of moringa recorded by the seeds treated with 10 g/L of Ammi majus extract. The greatest germination rate of moringa seeds (81.3) exhibited at control treatments of both extracts. The highest stem elongation was demonstrated by 5 g/L G. glabra and pet moss media. The maximum score of stem length of moringa (107.33 and 97.33 cm) was achieved from the combination 10 g/L G. glabra and A. majus with peat moss media, whereas the lowest value (44.33 cm) was stated by the interaction of control and peat moss. In addition, the greatest value of stem diameter (5.75 cm) was noticed by the interaction pet moss and 10 g/L A. majus. The number of leaf in moringa showed the maximum score when the seeds treated by 5 g/l G. glabra, peat moss and their combination. Whereas, the root number characteristic of moringa revealed the maximum values when the seeds treated by 5g/l G.glabra (23.44), pet moss (25.67 ) and its combination (32). The best results of dry biomass weight including shoots and leave were achieved in 5,10 g/L G. glabra and A. majus with peat moss combination, High value of the TPC, TFC and antioxidant – DPPH (3.955, 0.171 and 86.197, respectively) recorded by the interaction of 10 g/L A. majus with loam and significantly superior on other treatment. These results confirm the effectiveness of aqueous extracts of different plant and media cultures on seed germination, plant growth and phytochemical content of M. olefera.

Agriculture

Drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic stresses on the sustainability of global ag... more Drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic stresses on the sustainability of global agriculture. The finding of natural resources is essential for decreasing the need for artificial fertilizers and boosting plant growth and yield under water stress conditions. This study used a factorial experimental design to investigate the effects of oak leaf extract, biofertilizer, and soil containing oak leaf powder on the growth and biochemical parameters of four tomato genotypes under water stress throughout the pre-flowering and pre-fruiting stages of plant development. The experiment had two components. The first component represented the genotypes (two sensitive and two tolerant), while the second component represented the treatment group, which included irrigated plants (SW), untreated and stressed plants (SS), treated plants with oak leaf powder and stressed (SOS), treated plants with oak leaf powder and oak leaf extract and stressed (SOES), and treated plants with oak leaf po...

Agriculture, Sep 19, 2022

Journal of Plant Production

Thesis Chapters by Kamaran Salh Rasul

University of Sulaimani, 2023

Accessions are prospective sources of genetic variability, as well as valuable genetic resources ... more Accessions are prospective sources of genetic variability, as well as valuable genetic resources to deal with present and future crop breeding difficulties. The assessment of population structure and genetic diversity of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that have been distributed in Iraqi Kurdistan region critical in breeding programs for the production of high-yielding cultivars as well as widening the genetic base of tomato. Using fruit quality indices and molecular markers, a panel of 64 tomato accessions taken from six provinces of Iraqi Kurdistan Region, were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure. In the analysis of variance, the fruit phenotypic data revealed a high level of significant variability (P ≤ 0.01) among tomato accessions. The most important characteristics for explaining fruit morphological variability, according to principal component analysis (PCA), were fruit weight, fruit size, fruit diameter, total soluble solids, and moisture content. Seven clades with different fruit characteristics were revealed in the cluster analysis. Genetic diversity and relationships among accessions were analyzed using thirteen inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), twenty-six start codon-targeted (SCoT) polymorphisms, and fifteen conserved DNAderived polymorphisms (CDDP). The ISSR, SCoT, and CDDP markers generated 121, 294, and 170 polymorphic bands, respectively, showing a high prevalence of polymorphism. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) values for ISSR, SCoT, and CDDP were 0.81, 0.84, and 0.84, respectively. The accessions were divided into two groups based on the cluster and STRUCTURE analysis results. The Mantel test revealed that three sets of markers had positive and significant relationships. The increased genetic variation within the populations was found by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), indicating considerable gene exchange between populations. Drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic stresses on the sustainability of global agriculture. To evaluate and select drought tolerant and susceptible accessions, 64 tomato accessions were tested for drought at the seedling stage under in vitro conditions using polyethylene glycol (PEG-600). Two concentrations of PEG, 7.50% and 15%, compared with the control of 0% PEG, were performed, and significant changes in the morphological and biochemical profiles of tomato accession seedlings were observed among the tested materials. Based on the results, three accessions were selected as highly tolerant to drought stress, namely Raza Pashayi (AC61), Wrdi Be Tow (AC9), and Sandra (AC63), while Braw (AC13), Yadgar (AC30), and Israili (AC8) were highlighted as sensitive to drought stress. To confirm these results under field conditions, four tomato accessions, two sensitive (AC13 and AC30) and two tolerant (AC61 and AC63), were evaluated for drought stress under greenhouse conditions, with the use of oak leaf extract, biofertilizer, and oak leaf powder, to reduce the effect of drought on these accessions. In this study, a factorial experimental design was used to investigate the effects of these treatments on the growth and biochemical parameters of four tomato accessions under water stress throughout the pre-flowering and pre-fruiting stages of plant development. The experiment had two factors. The first factor represented the accessions, while the second factor represented the treatment group, which included irrigated plants (SW), untreated and stressed plants (SS), treated plants with oak leaf powder and stressed (SOS), treated plants with oak leaf powder and oak leaf extract and stressed (SOES), and treated plants with oak leaf powder and biofertilizers and stressed (SOBS). The data analysis showed that drought stress under the treatments of SS, SOS, SOES, and SOBS conditions at two stages and their combination significantly lowered shoot length (12.95%), total fruit weight per plant (33.97%), relative water content (14.05%), and total chlorophyll content (26.30%). The reduction values for shoot length (17.58%), shoot fresh weight (22.08%), and total fruit weight per plant (42.61%) were significantly larger in two sensitive accessions compared to tolerant accessions, which recorded decreasing percentages of 8.36, 8.88, and 25.32% for shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and total fruit weight per plant, respectively. On the other hand, root fresh weight and root dry weight of accessions treated with SS, SOS, SOES, and SOBS, were increased in comparison to control plants. Tomato fruits from stressed plants treated with SS, SOS, SOES, and SOBS had considerably higher levels of titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic compounds than irrigated plants during all stress stages. Under water stress conditions, the application of oak leaf powder to soil, oak leaf extract, and biofertilizer improved the biochemical contents of leaves in all accessions. Furthermore, leaf lipid peroxidation was lower in plants treated with SOES and SOBS, as well as lower in the two tolerant accessions than in the two susceptible accessions. In the case of the effects of heavy metal stress on the tomato accessions, cadmium (Cd) was used to assess 64 tomato accessions under in vitro conditions at the seedling stage. Three dosages of cadmium (150 μM, 300 μM, and 450 μM), compared to the control (0 μM) were exposed to all tomato accessions. There were significant changes among the phenotypic and phytochemical traits. The results revealed the best tolerate accessions and the susceptible accessions to heavy metal stress. Sirin (AC7), Karazi (AC5), and Balami (AC31) were indicated as having the highest tolerance to Cd stress, while Sewi Qaladze (AC56), Super (AC32), and Braw (AC13) showed more sensitivity to this stress. To approve these results, four tomato accessions, two sensitive (AC56 and AC32), and two tolerant (AC7 and AC5) to Cd stress, were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The experiment had two factors, accessions were represented as the first factor, and the second factor represented the treatment group, which included untreated plants (control), treated plants with Cd (Cd+Soil), and treated plants with Cd and oak leaf residue together (Cd+Soil+Oak). Regarding the application of Cd, 35 mg per kg of soil was used, and oak leaf residue was used to decrease the absorption of Cd by the tomato plants. Compared to the control treatment, most morphological traits were significantly decreased in the Cd+Soil treatment. Root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and total fruit weight per plant, were decreased by 14.35, 18.00, 6.53, 5.88, and 13.85%, respectively. Under (Cd+Soil+Oak) treatment, significant reductions were observed in root length (10.68%), shoot length (10.22%), total fruit weight per plant (10.10%), and shoot fresh weight (0.46%), compared to the reductions observed under Cd+Soil treatment. On the other hand, Cd+Soil and Cd+Soil+Oak treatments significantly increased the values of both root fresh weight (20.77 and 27.73%) and root dry weight (17.47 and 24.21%), respectively. Furthermore, the biochemical values of proline content, soluble sugar content, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, guaiacol peroxidase activity, and catalase activity were significantly higher in both treatment groups than in the control group. These biochemical values were also higher in the two resistant accessions, Sirin (AC7) and Karazi (AC5), than in the two sensitive accessions. In the case of Cd accumulation in the parts of the tomato plant, the results showed that most of the Cd absorbed by the plant was accumulated in the root, while only a small amount was accumulated in other parts like the stem, leaf, and fruit. Using oak leaf residue reduced the amount of Cd accumulation in all plant parts. Root knot-nematode (RKN) infection has severely harmed the tomato plant. The eggs of the nematode Meloidogyne spp. were used to evaluate the tolerance of four tomato accessions, Amad (AC14), Pamayi Kurdi (AC43), Kurdi Gawray Swr (AC53), and Sandra (AC63) using three treatments; control treatment, only use the soil without nematode eggs and oak leaf powder, while second treatment, approximately 15000 eggs per pot without oak leaf were used and third treatment, approximately 15000 eggs per pot with 80 g of oak leaf were used to reduce nematode infection. The results revealed that the accessions responded differently to the nematode infection and the infection severity revealed that AC14 was more affected (96.67%), however AC63 less affected was (60.00%). The values of all morphological traits (shoot length, shoot dry weight, root length, root dry weight) decreased under both treatments, and there was no significant effect from using the oak leaf powder.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 7, 2023

Agriculture, Sep 19, 2022

Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, Jul 14, 2022

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Jun 12, 2023

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2024

Heliyon

Heliyon, 2023

Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2022

Agronomy

Journal of Plant Production, 2020

Agriculture

Agriculture, Sep 19, 2022

Journal of Plant Production

University of Sulaimani, 2023