Bipin Shah | University at Buffalo, State University of New York (original) (raw)

Papers by Bipin Shah

For the past 20 years, I am involved in studying and researching the ancient history of the world... more For the past 20 years, I am involved in studying and researching the ancient history of the world and the world's religions. As I was researching, writing, and publishing my work involving various unresolved topics, I ran into a "Chronological Disconnect" or "Dark Hole" of history that conventional narratives could not explain. Over three years ago, I stumbled into research papers and books published by Dr. Vedveer Arya and other writers and I realized that there is a chronological disconnect that can be explained by correctly deciphering several inscriptions that earlier historians had either misread or incorrectly interpreted. In addition to that, there are newly discovered Indus Valley sites and other archeological discoveries that take the dating of human civilization as far back as 8,000 to 11,000 BCE that was not considered in establishing common era chronology or its equivalency to other civilization's known chronology and native eras. This problem has resulted in arriving at the correct common era dating of great sages, conquerors, and kings of history.

This is one of the series of articles written by this author to reorient his followers to the dan... more This is one of the series of articles written by this author to reorient his followers to the danger of adhering to the concocted chronology of Indian history that has no basis to sustain. R.C. Majumdar, a great historian, once said that history is an achievement of men. Any distortion will lead to a loss of faith. George Santayana was a unique and "down to earth" philosopher and offered some valuable observations about life. He said the good life means a life without arrogance, ignorance, fanaticism, and disillusion. Some of his famous quotes are: "Only the dead have seen the end of the war." "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." 'We must welcome the future, remembering that soon it will be the past; and we must respect the past, remembering that it was once all that was humanly possible." "History is always written wrong. It needs always to be rewritten." "Victor dictates the history of vanquished."

This paper discusses the history of the original Vikram and saka era, their termination, and late... more This paper discusses the history of the original Vikram and saka era, their termination, and later resurrection at the beginning of the common era that has distorted the early chronology of India affecting various historical events of Indian history that were indexed to old eras. This includes the discussion on western satraps and their origin at Romaka Desh. This paper aspires to add additional clarity as to how to correct these chronological anomalies while reviewing various references related to Vikramaditya traditions and his connection with the era. The Saka invasion resulted in the establishment of their kingdom in western India and their eras. Although their rule was tyrannical, his Luni-Solar calendar was extensively used in Indian epigraphy in the south and southeast Asia which attests to its popularity that is also explained in detail.

Vaishali was assumed to have been rebuilt after the destruction by an earthquake around 1900 BCE ... more Vaishali was assumed to have been rebuilt after the destruction by an earthquake around 1900 BCE (Buddha's life). This is mentioned in Mahāparinibbāna and Samantha Pala suttas in form of questions and answers to Ananda. The Buddha agreed to pass away three months hence, at which point the earth quaked as per Mahāparinibbāna. That initiated the discourse between Ananda and Buddha as recorded in questions and answers format per Buddhist texts.

India's stand on Ukraine has misunderstood events. This published article clarifies the views of ... more India's stand on Ukraine has misunderstood events. This published article clarifies the views of India. As the world moves into the cooperative era from the cold war era, each nation makes a determination of its core interest depending on its geographical location. The world no longer buys into the dictum that if you are not with us on every issue then you must be against us.

Unlike his Violent nomadic ancestors such as Chengiz Khan, Timur Lane, and Babur, Emperor Akbar w... more Unlike his Violent nomadic ancestors such as Chengiz Khan, Timur Lane, and Babur, Emperor Akbar was an intelligent ruler and more susceptible to adopting the civilized settled culture of India. He was motivated by establishing an enduring and permanency of his empire that will give him and his descendants the luxurious settled life away from the nomadic existence of his ancestors. India during the 11 th century was a fragmented state, made up of several political kingdoms that were individually weak but collectively strong. The major empire of history had arisen and disappeared due to several reasons, the prominent being lack of unity or succession struggle crippling the power of an Empire. Like all other major empires of History, India became fragmented after the demise of the Gupta Empire. Such was the case when invaders from central Asia invaded the Indian state that was then comprised of the amalgam of weak and smaller kingdoms with outdated military technology. The elephant once considered an ancient battle tank was replaced by Cannons and Matchlocks.

It appears that some history lessons are in order to correct fallacious propaganda by some blogge... more It appears that some history lessons are in order to correct fallacious propaganda by some bloggers. Moguls had an established rule and precedent since Timur Lane and Chagatai Khan that the elder son always became successor and heir apparent. That rule was applied to Jehangir (known as Salim), even though he shared mixed ancestry of Hindu Rajput and Muslim Mogul blood. Jehangir married Jodha Bai’s niece and She gave a birth to Shah Jahan who carried ¾ Rajput ancestry. Being eldest son of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz, Dara Sikhoh received the title of “Padshahzada-I-Buzurg Martaba” which means “Crown Prince” or more appropriately “Emperor in waiting”.
Shah Jahan like all other predecessors became addicted to Opium. The persistent and daily use of the copious amount of opium can cause damage to vital organs of the body. Shah Jahan experienced the symptom of incontinence that involved a urinary symptom of Strangury and constipation. This is extremely uncomfortable with age-related and opium-induced declining cognitive abilities. He started missing his daily attendance at the public forum (Jarokha Darshan). Due to his absence, the capital city was rife with rumors about his health status.
Under these circumstances, only Dara Sikhoh and his sister Jahanara were allowed to see the emperor. Customary to Medieval age, the rulers-maintained Harems and several Queens of various origins. (Usually Rajput, Iranian, and Turkish) along with countless concubines. The polygamous relationship produced many off springs. There are no exact data that how many children Shah Jahan fathered except known through his biography “Padshah Nama” written by Lahori and other authors. Mumtaz Mahal, mother of all princes was the 20th wife of Shah Jahan and she died giving birth to 14th child. From here on the readers should figure out the culture of Nomadic moguls who had no civilization of any values except plunders.
Dara Sikhoh was the eldest prince of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. He had secular-religious attitudes just like Great Akbar. He concluded just like his ancestors (Akbar and Jehangir) that the strength and durability of the Mogul Empire rests on the continued support of his Hindu subjects and particularly Rajput kings and Princes of Rajputana. Other younger sons Shah Suja, Murad Baksh, and Aurangzeb had different views and their beliefs rested on Ulema’s Koranic interpretation of Islam that required the policies of mass conversion of Hindu subjects to guarantee the permanence of the Mogul Empire throughout the land of Hindustan.

There have been great controversies in dating both Jaina and Buddhists teachers Gautam Buddha and... more There have been great controversies in dating both Jaina and Buddhists teachers Gautam Buddha and Vardhamana Mahavira. The correct date of Nirvanas of these two great Arahants (seers) is still being debated. I have spent a considerable amount of time researching several issues. Despite this research, there is a possibility that the real dates may vary within the margin of 50 to 75 years due to some degree of uncertainty of the date of the Mahabharata war and different descriptions given in the text. The consensus among experts is that the Mahabharata war took place 34 years before the Kali age, where the Kali era is pegged or bench-marked as falling between 3101 to 3104 BCE With discoveries in archeology, archaeogenetic, linguistic, and numismatics, one can be easily convinced that Indian history and even human history dates back further than what was assumed during the years of colonialism. The colonial historians were busy writing other countries' histories using incorrect information. After Independence, the colonial education system continued without any further reviews and became part of an established academic curriculum. We just started having a better understanding of our history.

Bamboo Chronicle had tadpole Chinese type characters "Zhushu Jinian" or otherwise known as the Ba... more Bamboo Chronicle had tadpole Chinese type characters "Zhushu Jinian" or otherwise known as the Bamboo chronicle is a chronicle from ancient China compiled in the regional state of Wei and is judged to be a more accurate and authentic version of the history of Imperial China up to the time of warring days of the 3rd and 1st century BCE. when large numbers of tribes were assumed to have migrated. The later text compiled by the Han dynasty historian of the winning of state Han, known to many as the "Shiji chronicle" composed by Sima Qian (also called "Grand historian") are now judged to be inaccurate, if not outright forgery dealing with the ancient chronology of China and movement of various tribes during ancient history. The mistaken identities have flown into another historical event in central Asia.

L.A. Waddell wrote "Maker of civilization "(1928) and he indicated that he found crosscultural Si... more L.A. Waddell wrote "Maker of civilization "(1928) and he indicated that he found crosscultural Similarities of genealogical tables between the Kish chronicle of Sumero-Akkadians-Elamite list of kings to Hindu Kings from Hindu Purana tables. Although, it appeared to many during his time that he was basing this hypothesis on purely similar Soundex names. John Davies Pilkey in his 2008 study reanalyzed Waddell's work and placed the migration of steppe Origin Aryans to the Indian subcontinent around 2518 BCE. The most recent analysis based on the new inscription and astrological data suggests that the Mahabharata war took place approximately around 3142-3162 BCE that is earlier than the proposed dates by Pilkey, as Mahabharata occurred after several generations of Bharata Kings. This may put assumed migration date to several centuries before Pilkey's assumption and can be around 4,000 BCE or earlier into Punjab and that will make this event concurrent with the dated mature phase of Harrapan civilization in western India. The Mesopotamian chronology similarly can be placed to earlier dates as per new work done by chronologists.

Soma, the Elixir drink of Proto-Indo-Iranians (“Arya” people) is recalled in over 114 hymns of R... more Soma, the Elixir drink of Proto-Indo-Iranians (“Arya” people) is recalled in over 114 hymns of Rig Veda in Sūkta 8 and 9. Sūkta 9 is entirely devoted to Soma and related libation to various Vedic deities. Similarly, Persian Avesta refers to the same drink as “Hoama”. For Persian Magis, the fire worshiper, Hoama was a ritual Elixir for God Ahur Mazda. The ninth Mandala (Sūkta 9) of Rigveda also referred to as “Soma Pavamana” cannot be easily dated due to its archaic construction. It certainly has Proto-Indo-European features in more than one way. Similar rituals were spread to other Indo-European Tribes and cultures of the West, who once dominated Asian steppe regions in remote antiquity. We find similar libation rituals to spirits and deities in Norse, Celtic, and English Druid rituals. It seems Mongolian-Hunnic tribes of the eastern steppe, through their contacts, may have borrowed and incorporated Proto-IE rituals in their shamanism. Although Soma is presented in Veda and Avesta as the “drink of immortality”, it should be understood in a way, the seers and sages had understood and that was the “freedom from repeated rebirths” and ability to “see past, present and future” by way of separating Saul at will from the mortal human body and returning back to mortal state through meditation technique. Soma was considered a mediating agent that aroused the consciousness to the highest order.

The "Agganna Sutta", literally meaning the Sutta of world creation was labelled by Rhys David's' ... more The "Agganna Sutta", literally meaning the Sutta of world creation was labelled by Rhys David's' as the Buddhist book of Genesis. The Buddhist myth suggests that the first king of humanity was the king Mahasammata. He was not only a noble king but a divine sage. The genealogy of king Mahasammata parallels the kings of Ikshvaku clans of Hindu Purana, thus making Mahasammata as none other than Rigvedic King Manu after the great deluge (flood). Hindu Purana states that there were six Manus prior to this great deluge. In his book, "Makers of Civilization in Race and History", L.A. Waddell theorized and gave us cross-cultural connection with Sumero-Akkadian kings and their parallel identities to Vedic kings of Hindu Puranas, such as Vedic "Haryashwa" equated for Sumerian "Ur Nanshe" and Vedic "Sagara and Asa Manja" for Akkadian Sargon and his successor Naram-sin and his progeny Manishtushu to Mahasammata of Buddhist genealogy or Puranic Vaivasvata Manu. The detail comparison can be found at this link beside his book. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waddell%27s_chronology When he wrote it , the people were largely dismissive but new genetics science when applied to subcontinent's population that shows strong connectivity with ancient Mesopotamia (middle East), this hypothesis cannot be simply ignored. Then comes the comparative deluge mythology confirming cross cultural connectivity of civilizations. Although, kings names occur randomly at the various level of long generations of the solar line of Ikshvaku dynasty of "Ayodhya", comparable to Akkadian capital of "Agade" of Sargon of the Sumero-Akkadian line. one has to make a note of some remarkable similarities. In my earlier work, I proposed Elamite-Dravidian-Indus valley connection and proposed a different geography of Ramayana. Subsequent to that, various genetic studies came out on genetics subcontinent population, suggesting almost 45 % of ancestral Haplogroup originated or matched with west Asia and nearly similar match with east Asia. The percentage slightly varied from North to south and west to east but establishing strong links than earlier assumed. Although, unrecorded migration and in and out of the subcontinent may have occurred, the results of the Genetic studies cannot be ignored. Anyone who wish to visit my earlier works, the following links will lead you there.

Mahāparinibbāna Sutta and Samyukta Nikāya, both mention Ambapali Of Vaishali, who offered her gar... more Mahāparinibbāna Sutta and Samyukta Nikāya, both mention Ambapali Of Vaishali, who offered her garden to Buddha, where he can conduct his religious discourse to the followers. Vaishali was one of the ancient city-states of India during the Middle Vedic age, where Buddha passed his time during the 19th century BCE. The sutta refers to Buddha's stay in this garden owned by Ambapali, a courtesan, dancer, and "Gram Vadhu" of the city of Vaishali. Her story is unique in history and deserves the mention of "Life and Time of Ambapali of Vaishali". Mahāparinibbāna sutta just makes a brief reference to Ambapali, while her life story is buried in the pages of history. "Then Ambapali the courtesan came to know: "The Blessed One, they say, has arrived at Vaishali and is now staying in my Mango Grove." And she ordered a large number of magnificent carriages to be made ready, mounted one of them herself, and accompanied by the rest, drove out from Vaishali towards her park. She went by carriage as far as the carriage could go, then alighted; and approaching the Blessed One on foot, she respectfully greeted him and sat down at one side. And the Blessed One instructed Ambapali the courtesan in the Dhamma and roused, edified, and gladdened her. Thereafter Ambapali the courtesan spoke to the Blessed One, saying: "May the Blessed One, O Lord, please accept my invitation for tomorrow's meal, together with the community of bhikkhus." And by his silence, the Blessed One consented. Sure, then, of the Blessed One's consent, Ambapali the courtesan rose from her seat, respectfully saluted him, and keeping her right side towards him, took her departure. When Lichhavi King of Vaishali offered an invitation to Buddha for Lunch, Buddha replied: "The invitation for tomorrow's meal, Licchavis, has been accepted by me from Ambapali the courtesan. Then the Licchavis snapped their fingers in annoyance: "See, friends! We are defeated by this mango lass! We are utterly outdone by this mango lass, Ambapali" Next day, Ambapali the courtesan had choicest food, hard and soft, prepared in her home and went to her own Aambapalivana park, where Buddha was residing and announced it to the Blessed One: "It is time, O Lord; the meal is ready." Thereupon the Blessed One got ready in the forenoon, and taking bowl and robe, he went together with the community of bhikkhus to Ambapālī's dwelling, and there he took the seat prepared for him. and Ambapali herself attended on the community of bhikkhus headed by the Buddha, and served them with choice food, hard and soft. And when the Blessed One had finished his meal and had removed his hand from his bowl, Ambapali the courtesan took a low seat, and placing herself at one side, spoke to the Blessed One, saying: This Aambapalivana park, O Lord, I offer to the community of bhikkhus headed by the Buddha. And the Blessed One accepted the park. He then instructed Ambapali in the Dhamma, and having roused, edified, and gladdened her, he rose from his seat and departed." Ancient City-State of Vaishali Vaishali was one of the earliest city-state kingdom, set up on the eastern bank of the River Ganges but south of Magadha by early Vedic settlers. After the Mahabharata war, an influx of

Just like Indus valley and Mesopotamia, a bronze age civilization also grew in ancient china near... more Just like Indus valley and Mesopotamia, a bronze age civilization also grew in ancient china near the present Chengdu of China in the southwestern province of Sichuan. They had no writing system like other city-states of Northwest China. Chengdu is famous for being the home of China's most famous creatures, the giant pandas. The earliest kingdom in the region was called Shu, which is still the abbreviation for, and a familiar name of, Sichuan. Before a major archaeological discovery in the last century, there was no material proof that this legendary empire referenced in Sima Quin chronicle of the Grand historian ever existed. Even official history books treated this as a legendary tale of "yellow emperor" as a myth while describing the first king as "Cancong", who had exaggeratedly protruding eyes that resembled two sticks; and speculated that it might be connected with doomed Shang Dynasty of the Warring States period. The name Cancong, means "silkworm-bush", was given for his skill in raising silkworms and producing silk. The speculation was ended in 1986, after the workers in a small village called "Sanxingdui" ran across the bronze artifacts of the bygone era. The archeologist pursued this tip and started excavating sites. During this excavation, a statue of real King "Cancong" with protruding eyes

Mahavira and Gautama Buddha, 2019

This paper discusses the short and long chronology issues of India that came to the light recentl... more This paper discusses the short and long chronology issues of India that came to the light recently. This paper only focuses on the real dates of Mahavira and Buddha Nirvanas. It also proves that earlier assumptions were established incorrectly. The new science of Planetary and solarium computer software can forecast the accurate position of sun, moon, the position of Ursa major and minor (Sapta Rishis) and other celestial events that were recorded in ancient texts and inscriptions available at various places in India that reference other related eras of India at the time of Nirvanas of Buddha and Mahavira.

Modern Shavism of India has her roots in Indus-Sarshwati valley civilization. This paper establis... more Modern Shavism of India has her roots in Indus-Sarshwati valley civilization. This paper establishes the similarity of Indus-Sarshwati valley civilization with that of Elam of Mesopotamia. This article also establishes the relationship between Zagros mountain farmers with Indus-Sarshwati civilization and Elamite empire.

The secularism is defined as state, politicians and institutions separates themselves from the re... more The secularism is defined as state, politicians and institutions separates themselves from the religion.
Unlike western democracy, India is unable to separate the religion from politics and government institutions.

This is largely the fault of the politicians and framer of constitution and political rulers. Some examples are: India subsidized Haz pilgrimages (may have stopped now) to Mecca under congress rule for decades, but did not subsidize Amaranth Yatra for Hindus. Nothing for Jainism to visit to Bahubali festivals, or other important religious festivals for other communities. This creates so much bitterness among various communities
that does not elevate the nationalism. The secularity loses its meaning and the democracy loses its relevance
to the people. The entire system need revision and congress who ruled should be disbanded and punished for this
communal abuse and mockery of democracy.

This brief article describes confirmation of "steppe origin of Proto-Indo-Europeans" based on new... more This brief article describes confirmation of "steppe origin of Proto-Indo-Europeans" based on new genetics studies performed on discovered mummies and connects the dots on various cultures of steppe and their genetic affinities and subsequent dispersal, covering their religion and mythologies to Europe and south Asia.

Olympia is a major archeological site in Greece, where once the ancient Olympic games were initia... more Olympia is a major archeological site in Greece, where once the ancient Olympic games were initiated as part of religious festival and prayer for Greek god Zeus and other Gods & Goddesses. Despite its name and carry forward tradition to modern Olympic games, the site is no where near Mount Olympus where most Greek gods and goddesses believed to have resided. This short narrative describe history of Olympic tradition and its archeological ruins during my visit to sanctuary.

Mahavira and Gautama Buddha, 2019