Yacob Mulugetta | University of Surrey (original) (raw)

Papers by Yacob Mulugetta

Nature Energy, 2017

Energy access is typically viewed as a problem for rural areas, but people living in urban settin... more Energy access is typically viewed as a problem for rural areas, but people living in urban settings also face energy challenges that have not received sufficient attention. A revised agenda in research and practice that puts the user and local planning complexities centre stage is needed to change the way we look at energy access in urban areas, to understand the implications of the concentration of vulnerable people in slums and to identify opportunities for planned management and innovation that can deliver urban energy transitions while leaving no one behind. Here, we propose a research agenda focused on three key issues: understanding the needs of urban energy users; enabling the use of context-specific, disaggregated data; and engaging with effective modes of energy and urban governance. This agenda requires interdisciplinary scholarship across the social and physical sciences to support local action and deliver large-scale, inclusive transformations.

Global Change, Peace & Security 23(3), 2011

The negotiating group of developing countries, the G77, is one of the most important institutions... more The negotiating group of developing countries, the G77, is one of the most important institutions in global climate governance. This article analyses the cohesiveness of, and internal tension within, the G77 coalition by using the politics of climate change as the empirical window. The study examines four arenas of UN-based deliberations on climate change in the years 2007–2010; the Security Council, the Commission on Sustainable Development, the General Assembly and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). We argue that these deliberations, once they reached the top of the international political agenda in 2007, and ever since, have posed deeper challenges to the G77 coalition than ever before. While developing country interests are both converging and diverging, the increasingly conflicting interests, as well as the very slowly eroding common identity, are creating increasingly unified subgroups in the G77. The G77 is highly unlikely to break up formally, but how functional it will be as a bloc in the forthcoming climate change negotiations remains an open question.

This paper is part of a wider work programme that is looking at the reduction of energy consumpti... more This paper is part of a wider work programme that is looking at the reduction of energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas emissions in the Greek Hotel sector. The Greek Government has recently set specific plans to reduce energy consumption in buildings against a backdrop of the European Union’s policies aimed at ensuring its members to meet the Kyoto targets. This study will present the results of energy audits which are carried out on a sample of Greek Hotels focusing on their environmental and energy performance. This research will analyze the environmental effect of the hotel sector in Greece, exploring the successful adoption of Energy Policies and Measures set by Greece and EU, for energy conservation measures in key waste energy areas in buildings. This analysis will constitute an important guide to a forthcoming detailed research on modeling and optimizing energy performance of hotels in different areas in Greece.

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING David D. Nelson (Principal author and editor) (Rockville, Ma... more INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING David D. Nelson (Principal author and editor) (Rockville, Maryland: Government Institutes Inc), 1998, xxii+787pp. THE OIL SECTOR REPORT: A Review of Environmental Disclosure in the Oil Industry Sustain Ability/UNEP, (London/Paris: Sustain Ability/UNEP) 1999, 83pp, £95.00. WRITING AND EVALUATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS Society of Management Accountants of Canada, (Hamilton: CMA), 1999, 39pp, Can$25. CONTABILIDAD DE GESTIÓN MEDIOAMBIENTAL Asociación Española de Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas (AECA) (Madrid: AECA), 1999 (in Spanish) TYRANNY OF THE BOTTOM LINE: Why Corporations Make Good People Do Bad Things Ralph Estes (San Francisco: Berrett‐Koehler) 1996, xv+ 296pp, 27.95hbk.WHENGOODCOMPANIESDOBADTHINGS:ResponsibilityandRiskinanAgeofGlobalizationP.ScwartzandB.Gibb(NewYork:JohnWiley)1999,pp194,27.95hbk. WHEN GOOD COMPANIES DO BAD THINGS: Responsibility and Risk in an Age of Globalization P. Scwartz and B. Gibb (New York: John Wiley) 1999, pp194, 27.95hbk.WHENGOODCOMPANIESDOBADTHINGS:ResponsibilityandRiskinanAgeofGlobalizationP.ScwartzandB.Gibb(NewYork:JohnWiley)1999,pp194,poa LA GESTIÓN Y EL CONTROL SOCIO‐ECONÓMICO DE LAS INTERACCIONES EMPRESA‐MEDIO AMBIENTE. CONTRIBUC‐ IONES DE LA CONTABILIDAD A LA GESTIÓN SOSTENIBLE DE LA EMPRESA. A. Tejada‐Ponce (Madrid: ICAC) 1999 (in Spanish) CAPITALISM: A Social Audit, Peter Saunders (Buckingham: Open University Press), 1995, 140 pages, £9.99. THE ECOLOGY OF MONEY Richard Douthwaite (Dartington: Green Books for The Schumacher Society) 1999, 78pp, £5.00/$10.95 Orders from The Schumacher Society Tel +44(0) 117 903 1081 E.mail: Schumacher@gn.apc.orgwww.oneworld.org/schumachersoc EMPLOYEE SHARE OWNERSHIP AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS: Some Further Evidence (ACCA Occasional Research Paper No.24) M.J. Peel and M. Pendlebury ( London: ACCA) 1999 60pp poa THE POST‐CORPORATE WORLD: Life after capitalism David Korten (San Francisco/West Hartford: Berrett‐Koehler/Kumarian Press) 1999 pp318 DEMOCRACY (2nd Edition), Anthony Arblaster (Buckingham: Open University Press), 1994, 114 pp, £8.99. SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRY: The Future Of Corporate Practice (ed) Nigel J. Roome (Washington: Island Press) 1998, 322pp THE NATURE AND PROCESSES OF CORPORATE REPORTING ON ETHICAL ISSUES Carol Adams (London: CIMA) 1999 pp64 poa ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (London: ICAEW) 2000, 30pp CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP: Successful Strategies for Responsible Companies Malcolm McIntosh, Deborah Leipziger, Keith Jones and Gill Coleman (London: Pitman) 1998, 323pp, 26.95GLOBALENVIRONMENTOUTLOOK2000UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)incollaborationwith22otherorganisations(London:Earthscan)1999,xxxiii+398pp,£20.00pb£50.00hbANEWVISIONFORBUSINESSCommitteeofEnquiry(London:ForumfortheFuture)November1999pp173£poaGROWINGPAINS:environmentalmanagementindevelopingcountries(eds)WalterWehrmeyerandYacobMulugetta(Sheffield:Greenleaf)1999,368pp£19.95/US26.95 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK 2000 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in collaboration with 22 other organisations (London: Earthscan) 1999, xxxiii+398pp, £20.00 pb £50.00 hb A NEW VISION FOR BUSINESS Committee of Enquiry (London: Forum for the Future) November 1999 pp173 £poa GROWING PAINS: environmental management in developing countries (eds) Walter Wehrmeyer and Yacob Mulugetta (Sheffield: Greenleaf) 1999, 368pp £19.95/US26.95GLOBALENVIRONMENTOUTLOOK2000UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)incollaborationwith22otherorganisations(London:Earthscan)1999,xxxiii+398pp,£20.00pb£50.00hbANEWVISIONFORBUSINESSCommitteeofEnquiry(London:ForumfortheFuture)November1999pp173£poaGROWINGPAINS:environmentalmanagementindevelopingcountries(eds)WalterWehrmeyerandYacobMulugetta(Sheffield:Greenleaf)1999,368pp£19.95/US40.00

Councils' Energy Programme, RESOLVE aims to unravel the complex links between lifestyles, values ... more Councils' Energy Programme, RESOLVE aims to unravel the complex links between lifestyles, values and the environment. In particular, the group will provide robust, evidence-based advice to policy-makers in the UK and elsewhere who are seeking to understand and to influence the behaviours and practices of 'energy consumers'.

Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2007

The importance of providing modern energy services to rural areas cannot be overemphasized if the... more The importance of providing modern energy services to rural areas cannot be overemphasized if the country is in a position to meet its Millennium Development Goals. This paper argues that the country has missed scores of opportunities in the past decades to grapple with its current energy predicament as it squandered resources on urban biased development program. The vision of

The discussion to widen access to modern energy services has been influential in shaping some of ... more The discussion to widen access to modern energy services has been influential in shaping some of the discussions on energy at the international level. The practice of widening modern energy services access to the poor in Africa is complex, and exacerbated by the dual nature of the energy system across Sub-Saharan Africa where traditional and modern energy systems and practices co-exist. This presents major challenges for policy makers who have to contend with a fragmented energy system, which requires the mobilisation of an array of actors at cross-sectoral levels in order to develop effective institutions and implement innovative policy frameworks. This paper further argues that, the ‘energy access’ discussion needs to take place in the context of energy transitions, giving due consideration to the productive sector as an important vehicle for change. As the link between energy and development is context specific, each African country needs to chart its own energy transition pathway into the future, and there are ample lessons that they can draw from previous energy transitions.► Lack of access to modern energy services in Africa is an impediment to socio-economic development. ► Widening modern energy services access to the poor in Africa is complex. ► A broader approach to address the ‘energy access’ discourse is required. ► Each African country needs to chart its own energy transition pathway. ► Both fossil and renewable energy systems would be needed for a transition to modern energy sources.

International climate policies heavily rely on market-based mechanisms, such as emission trading ... more International climate policies heavily rely on market-based mechanisms, such as emission trading scheme (ETS), joint implementation (JI) and clean development mechanisms (CDM) for greenhouse gases abatement from diverse business sectors. The success of these policies depends on national policies, economic, social, and technological related factors and significantly affects how business respond to this international challenge. However, the strength and content of these factors between industrialised and developing countries, where corporate environmentalism is a relatively new phenomenon, is not the same.

Modern energy access in Africa is critical to meeting a wide range of developmental challenges in... more Modern energy access in Africa is critical to meeting a wide range of developmental challenges including poverty reduction and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Despite having a huge amount and variety of energy resources, modern energy access in the continent is abysmal, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Only about 31% of the Sub-Saharan African population have access to electricity while traditional biomass energy accounts for over 80% of energy consumption in many Sub-Saharan African countries. With energy use per capita among the lowest in the world, there is no doubt that Africa will need to increase its energy consumption to drive economic growth and human development. Africa also faces a severe threat from global climate change with vulnerabilities in several key areas or sectors in the continent including agriculture, water supply, energy, etc. Low carbon development provides opportunities for African countries to improve and expand access to modern energy services while also building low-emission and climate-resilient economies. However, access to finance from different sources will be critical in achieving these objectives. This paper sets out to explore the financial instruments available for low carbon energy access in Africa including the opportunities, markets and risks in low carbon energy investments in the continent.► Access to finance will be critical to achieving low carbon energy access in Africa. ► Domestic finance will be important in leveraging private finance. ► Private sector participation in modern and clean energy in Africa is still low. ► Many financing mechanisms exist for low carbon energy access in Africa. ► The right institutional frameworks are critical to achieving low carbon energy access in Africa.

This paper describes the Greek hoteliers’ attitudes about energy initiatives and their implementa... more This paper describes the Greek hoteliers’ attitudes about energy initiatives and their implementation to their facilities. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the interaction between the users’ behaviour and the way energy is consumed in Greek hotels in a long-term period. This paper is part of a wider research project that explores the energy consumption in several Greek hotels. Through interviews with open-ended questions, their responses reveal their opinions and the level of information they have on the existing legislation-Greek and European- on energy use in buildings. Further than that, two scenarios are developed, using the Long Range Energy Alternative Planning software (LEAP). Each one of them exhibits different findings proposing significant but easy to apply alterations to hotels. The first one is the Business as Usual scenario, and it is developed based on the current trends in energy use in hotels. The second is the Policy scenario which is developed based on the existing legislative framework, Greek and EU.

Energy Policy, 2011

Exploratory scenarios for the power sector in Nigeria are analysed in this paper using possible p... more Exploratory scenarios for the power sector in Nigeria are analysed in this paper using possible pathways within the Nigerian context and then compared against the Government's power expansion plan in the short to medium term. They include two fossil-fuel (FF and CCGT) and two sustainable-development-driven scenarios (SD1 and SD2). The results from the FF scenarios indicate this is the preferred outcome if the aim is to expand electricity access at the lowest capital costs. However, the annual costs and environmental impacts increase significantly as a consequence. The SD1 scenario, characterised by increased penetration of renewables, leads to a reduction of a wide range of environmental impacts while increasing the annual costs slightly. The SD2 scenario, also with an increased share of renewables, is preferred if the aim is to reduce GHG emissions; however, this comes at an increased annual cost. Both the SD1 and SD2 scenarios also show significant increases in the capital investment compared to the Government's plans. These results can be used to help inform future policy in the Nigerian electricity sector by showing explicitly the range of possible trade-offs between environmental impacts and economic costs both in the short and long terms.►The power sector in Nigeria is set to grow significantly in near future. ►Power sector scenarios are constructed and studied using LCA and economic analysis methods and then compared against the Government's plans. ►These include two fossil-fuel and two sustainable-development-driven scenarios. ►The results explicitly show the trade-offs between environmental impacts and costs. ►Following the fossil fuel paths will reduce capital costs but increase environmental impacts. The renewable energy paths will reduce some environmental impacts but increase the capital costs.

... Lorna Okotto Mulugeta Ayalew Dr. Jonathan Chenoweth Professor Rosalind Malcolm Dr Steve Pedle... more ... Lorna Okotto Mulugeta Ayalew Dr. Jonathan Chenoweth Professor Rosalind Malcolm Dr Steve Pedley Dr Yacob Mulugetta ... of the conventional large scale public and private water suppliers and also at making their services more sensitive to the poor (McGranahan, Njiru et al. ...

Energy Policy, 2010

Résumé/Abstract Over the last decade the important role that local authorities can play in cataly... more Résumé/Abstract Over the last decade the important role that local authorities can play in catalyzing community action on climate change has been repeatedly emphasised by the UK Government. The paper examines this policy context and explores the options available to ...

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2008

The overwhelming majority of Ethiopians lack access to modern energy fuels such as electricity an... more The overwhelming majority of Ethiopians lack access to modern energy fuels such as electricity and liquid petroleum gas, still locked into a biomass-based energy system. As such, women and children in rural areas spend long hours of productive time and labour on woodfuel collection and the urban poor spend a sizeable proportion of their income to meet their daily energy needs. Electricity, which is at the disposal of every household in Western Europe is largely restricted to the urban centres in Ethiopia, hence indicating a strong correlation between lack of access to modern energy and poverty. The paper will analyse the reasons why Ethiopia is lagging behind the rest of the developing world in setting up a sustainable energy pathway. As such, the performance and ‘mind-set’ of various ‘agencies’, i.e. higher education system, government, energy authorities, donor agencies, etc. will be reviewed. The paper refers to a range of cases in to illustrate the challenge of building the mechanisms that allow energy technologies to be successfully disseminated, supported and integrated into rural livelihoods. The paper will provide a series of observations and recommendations to ameliorate the current state-of-affairs and ways through which the various actors (community-based organisations, government at various levels and to a lesser degree, donors) can contribute towards that end.

Energy Policy, 2010

Energy-related CO2 emissions in South Korea have increased substantially, outpacing those of Orga... more Energy-related CO2 emissions in South Korea have increased substantially, outpacing those of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries since 1990. To mitigate CO2 emissions in South Korea, we need to understand the main contributing factors to rising CO2 levels as part of the effort toward developing targeted policies. This paper aims to analyze the specific trends and influencing factors that have caused changes in emissions patterns in South Korea over a 15-year period. To this end, we employed the Log Mean Divisia index method with five energy consumption sectors and seven sub-sectors in terms of fuel mix (FM), energy intensity (EI), structural change (SC) and economic growth (EG). The results showed that EG was a dominant explanation for the increase in CO2 emissions in all of the sectors. The results also demonstrated that FM causes CO2 reduction across the array of sectors with the exception of the energy supply sector. CO2 reduction as a function of SC was also observed in manufacturing, services and residential sectors. Furthermore, EI was an important driver of CO2 reduction in most sectors except for several manufacturing sub-sectors. Based on these findings, it appears that South Korea should implement climate change policies that consider the specific influential factors associated with increasing CO2 emissions in each sector.

Energy Policy, 2010

The power sector in Nigeria is undergoing structural reforms aimed at improving and expanding the... more The power sector in Nigeria is undergoing structural reforms aimed at improving and expanding the current grid generation capacity and distribution network. The Government has injected huge funds into this sector while also granting licences to private companies for the provision of electricity. It is also aiming to increase electricity generation capacity to 25,000 MW by 2020 from the current installed capacity of 6500 MW while also pledging to connect 75% of the population to the grid from the current 40% by 2025. This paper sets out to analyse the implications of the energy policy in Nigeria and presents the life cycle environmental and economic analysis of the current and future electricity sector. The results show that all the life cycle impacts and economic costs increase significantly over the time-period (2003–2030), but at different rates depending on the types of technologies deployed. Renewables such as large hydro and solar proposed by the Government have a potential to reduce the overall life cycle environmental impacts from the electricity mix, considering their lower environmental impacts compared to fossil-fuels. However, this requires a five-fold increase in grid investments from the current US$1.7 billion per year to US$9.40 billion by 2030.

Energy Policy, 2010

Low carbon development (LCD) is a much used word in development circles today. As such, governmen... more Low carbon development (LCD) is a much used word in development circles today. As such, governments are actively exploring how to achieve their growth targets through a low carbon trajectory or even through a ‘carbon neutral’ pathway. This is a new area that challenges how development has been done so far, calling for not only a serious rethink of old practices but also contesting entrenched value systems. In this viewpoint, we explore some of the underlying issues that are driving the process of mainstreaming climate change in development. Recognising that there are variations in LCD, we map out the diversity of understandings and interpretations with a view to lay out the range of possibilities that countries can consider. We argue that whilst countries should certainly draw lessons from the experiences of others on mainstreaming climate change in their policies and practices, the version of LCD that each country follows needs to emerge from within its own national reality, anchored in its development prospects, aspirations and capacities.

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009

Road transport in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to rise in the coming years. Paradoxically, this... more Road transport in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to rise in the coming years. Paradoxically, this expansion is occurring at a time when oil prices have reached new heights. Unstable oil prices do indeed increase the vulnerability of importers. However, it also presents them with a unique opportunity to explore promising technical options to help reduce their over-reliance on imported petroleum fuels. This paper takes a closer look at the potential for biodiesel, with an emphasis on fuels produced from oil palm, castor oil and jatropha in Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania, respectively. The paper provides an economic appraisal of biodiesels from these feedstocks, and sets the context for further discussions on biofuels in Africa.

Nature Energy, 2017

Energy access is typically viewed as a problem for rural areas, but people living in urban settin... more Energy access is typically viewed as a problem for rural areas, but people living in urban settings also face energy challenges that have not received sufficient attention. A revised agenda in research and practice that puts the user and local planning complexities centre stage is needed to change the way we look at energy access in urban areas, to understand the implications of the concentration of vulnerable people in slums and to identify opportunities for planned management and innovation that can deliver urban energy transitions while leaving no one behind. Here, we propose a research agenda focused on three key issues: understanding the needs of urban energy users; enabling the use of context-specific, disaggregated data; and engaging with effective modes of energy and urban governance. This agenda requires interdisciplinary scholarship across the social and physical sciences to support local action and deliver large-scale, inclusive transformations.

Global Change, Peace & Security 23(3), 2011

The negotiating group of developing countries, the G77, is one of the most important institutions... more The negotiating group of developing countries, the G77, is one of the most important institutions in global climate governance. This article analyses the cohesiveness of, and internal tension within, the G77 coalition by using the politics of climate change as the empirical window. The study examines four arenas of UN-based deliberations on climate change in the years 2007–2010; the Security Council, the Commission on Sustainable Development, the General Assembly and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). We argue that these deliberations, once they reached the top of the international political agenda in 2007, and ever since, have posed deeper challenges to the G77 coalition than ever before. While developing country interests are both converging and diverging, the increasingly conflicting interests, as well as the very slowly eroding common identity, are creating increasingly unified subgroups in the G77. The G77 is highly unlikely to break up formally, but how functional it will be as a bloc in the forthcoming climate change negotiations remains an open question.

This paper is part of a wider work programme that is looking at the reduction of energy consumpti... more This paper is part of a wider work programme that is looking at the reduction of energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas emissions in the Greek Hotel sector. The Greek Government has recently set specific plans to reduce energy consumption in buildings against a backdrop of the European Union’s policies aimed at ensuring its members to meet the Kyoto targets. This study will present the results of energy audits which are carried out on a sample of Greek Hotels focusing on their environmental and energy performance. This research will analyze the environmental effect of the hotel sector in Greece, exploring the successful adoption of Energy Policies and Measures set by Greece and EU, for energy conservation measures in key waste energy areas in buildings. This analysis will constitute an important guide to a forthcoming detailed research on modeling and optimizing energy performance of hotels in different areas in Greece.

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING David D. Nelson (Principal author and editor) (Rockville, Ma... more INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING David D. Nelson (Principal author and editor) (Rockville, Maryland: Government Institutes Inc), 1998, xxii+787pp. THE OIL SECTOR REPORT: A Review of Environmental Disclosure in the Oil Industry Sustain Ability/UNEP, (London/Paris: Sustain Ability/UNEP) 1999, 83pp, £95.00. WRITING AND EVALUATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS Society of Management Accountants of Canada, (Hamilton: CMA), 1999, 39pp, Can$25. CONTABILIDAD DE GESTIÓN MEDIOAMBIENTAL Asociación Española de Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas (AECA) (Madrid: AECA), 1999 (in Spanish) TYRANNY OF THE BOTTOM LINE: Why Corporations Make Good People Do Bad Things Ralph Estes (San Francisco: Berrett‐Koehler) 1996, xv+ 296pp, 27.95hbk.WHENGOODCOMPANIESDOBADTHINGS:ResponsibilityandRiskinanAgeofGlobalizationP.ScwartzandB.Gibb(NewYork:JohnWiley)1999,pp194,27.95hbk. WHEN GOOD COMPANIES DO BAD THINGS: Responsibility and Risk in an Age of Globalization P. Scwartz and B. Gibb (New York: John Wiley) 1999, pp194, 27.95hbk.WHENGOODCOMPANIESDOBADTHINGS:ResponsibilityandRiskinanAgeofGlobalizationP.ScwartzandB.Gibb(NewYork:JohnWiley)1999,pp194,poa LA GESTIÓN Y EL CONTROL SOCIO‐ECONÓMICO DE LAS INTERACCIONES EMPRESA‐MEDIO AMBIENTE. CONTRIBUC‐ IONES DE LA CONTABILIDAD A LA GESTIÓN SOSTENIBLE DE LA EMPRESA. A. Tejada‐Ponce (Madrid: ICAC) 1999 (in Spanish) CAPITALISM: A Social Audit, Peter Saunders (Buckingham: Open University Press), 1995, 140 pages, £9.99. THE ECOLOGY OF MONEY Richard Douthwaite (Dartington: Green Books for The Schumacher Society) 1999, 78pp, £5.00/$10.95 Orders from The Schumacher Society Tel +44(0) 117 903 1081 E.mail: Schumacher@gn.apc.orgwww.oneworld.org/schumachersoc EMPLOYEE SHARE OWNERSHIP AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS: Some Further Evidence (ACCA Occasional Research Paper No.24) M.J. Peel and M. Pendlebury ( London: ACCA) 1999 60pp poa THE POST‐CORPORATE WORLD: Life after capitalism David Korten (San Francisco/West Hartford: Berrett‐Koehler/Kumarian Press) 1999 pp318 DEMOCRACY (2nd Edition), Anthony Arblaster (Buckingham: Open University Press), 1994, 114 pp, £8.99. SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRY: The Future Of Corporate Practice (ed) Nigel J. Roome (Washington: Island Press) 1998, 322pp THE NATURE AND PROCESSES OF CORPORATE REPORTING ON ETHICAL ISSUES Carol Adams (London: CIMA) 1999 pp64 poa ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (London: ICAEW) 2000, 30pp CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP: Successful Strategies for Responsible Companies Malcolm McIntosh, Deborah Leipziger, Keith Jones and Gill Coleman (London: Pitman) 1998, 323pp, 26.95GLOBALENVIRONMENTOUTLOOK2000UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)incollaborationwith22otherorganisations(London:Earthscan)1999,xxxiii+398pp,£20.00pb£50.00hbANEWVISIONFORBUSINESSCommitteeofEnquiry(London:ForumfortheFuture)November1999pp173£poaGROWINGPAINS:environmentalmanagementindevelopingcountries(eds)WalterWehrmeyerandYacobMulugetta(Sheffield:Greenleaf)1999,368pp£19.95/US26.95 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK 2000 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in collaboration with 22 other organisations (London: Earthscan) 1999, xxxiii+398pp, £20.00 pb £50.00 hb A NEW VISION FOR BUSINESS Committee of Enquiry (London: Forum for the Future) November 1999 pp173 £poa GROWING PAINS: environmental management in developing countries (eds) Walter Wehrmeyer and Yacob Mulugetta (Sheffield: Greenleaf) 1999, 368pp £19.95/US26.95GLOBALENVIRONMENTOUTLOOK2000UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)incollaborationwith22otherorganisations(London:Earthscan)1999,xxxiii+398pp,£20.00pb£50.00hbANEWVISIONFORBUSINESSCommitteeofEnquiry(London:ForumfortheFuture)November1999pp173£poaGROWINGPAINS:environmentalmanagementindevelopingcountries(eds)WalterWehrmeyerandYacobMulugetta(Sheffield:Greenleaf)1999,368pp£19.95/US40.00

Councils' Energy Programme, RESOLVE aims to unravel the complex links between lifestyles, values ... more Councils' Energy Programme, RESOLVE aims to unravel the complex links between lifestyles, values and the environment. In particular, the group will provide robust, evidence-based advice to policy-makers in the UK and elsewhere who are seeking to understand and to influence the behaviours and practices of 'energy consumers'.

Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2007

The importance of providing modern energy services to rural areas cannot be overemphasized if the... more The importance of providing modern energy services to rural areas cannot be overemphasized if the country is in a position to meet its Millennium Development Goals. This paper argues that the country has missed scores of opportunities in the past decades to grapple with its current energy predicament as it squandered resources on urban biased development program. The vision of

The discussion to widen access to modern energy services has been influential in shaping some of ... more The discussion to widen access to modern energy services has been influential in shaping some of the discussions on energy at the international level. The practice of widening modern energy services access to the poor in Africa is complex, and exacerbated by the dual nature of the energy system across Sub-Saharan Africa where traditional and modern energy systems and practices co-exist. This presents major challenges for policy makers who have to contend with a fragmented energy system, which requires the mobilisation of an array of actors at cross-sectoral levels in order to develop effective institutions and implement innovative policy frameworks. This paper further argues that, the ‘energy access’ discussion needs to take place in the context of energy transitions, giving due consideration to the productive sector as an important vehicle for change. As the link between energy and development is context specific, each African country needs to chart its own energy transition pathway into the future, and there are ample lessons that they can draw from previous energy transitions.► Lack of access to modern energy services in Africa is an impediment to socio-economic development. ► Widening modern energy services access to the poor in Africa is complex. ► A broader approach to address the ‘energy access’ discourse is required. ► Each African country needs to chart its own energy transition pathway. ► Both fossil and renewable energy systems would be needed for a transition to modern energy sources.

International climate policies heavily rely on market-based mechanisms, such as emission trading ... more International climate policies heavily rely on market-based mechanisms, such as emission trading scheme (ETS), joint implementation (JI) and clean development mechanisms (CDM) for greenhouse gases abatement from diverse business sectors. The success of these policies depends on national policies, economic, social, and technological related factors and significantly affects how business respond to this international challenge. However, the strength and content of these factors between industrialised and developing countries, where corporate environmentalism is a relatively new phenomenon, is not the same.

Modern energy access in Africa is critical to meeting a wide range of developmental challenges in... more Modern energy access in Africa is critical to meeting a wide range of developmental challenges including poverty reduction and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Despite having a huge amount and variety of energy resources, modern energy access in the continent is abysmal, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Only about 31% of the Sub-Saharan African population have access to electricity while traditional biomass energy accounts for over 80% of energy consumption in many Sub-Saharan African countries. With energy use per capita among the lowest in the world, there is no doubt that Africa will need to increase its energy consumption to drive economic growth and human development. Africa also faces a severe threat from global climate change with vulnerabilities in several key areas or sectors in the continent including agriculture, water supply, energy, etc. Low carbon development provides opportunities for African countries to improve and expand access to modern energy services while also building low-emission and climate-resilient economies. However, access to finance from different sources will be critical in achieving these objectives. This paper sets out to explore the financial instruments available for low carbon energy access in Africa including the opportunities, markets and risks in low carbon energy investments in the continent.► Access to finance will be critical to achieving low carbon energy access in Africa. ► Domestic finance will be important in leveraging private finance. ► Private sector participation in modern and clean energy in Africa is still low. ► Many financing mechanisms exist for low carbon energy access in Africa. ► The right institutional frameworks are critical to achieving low carbon energy access in Africa.

This paper describes the Greek hoteliers’ attitudes about energy initiatives and their implementa... more This paper describes the Greek hoteliers’ attitudes about energy initiatives and their implementation to their facilities. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the interaction between the users’ behaviour and the way energy is consumed in Greek hotels in a long-term period. This paper is part of a wider research project that explores the energy consumption in several Greek hotels. Through interviews with open-ended questions, their responses reveal their opinions and the level of information they have on the existing legislation-Greek and European- on energy use in buildings. Further than that, two scenarios are developed, using the Long Range Energy Alternative Planning software (LEAP). Each one of them exhibits different findings proposing significant but easy to apply alterations to hotels. The first one is the Business as Usual scenario, and it is developed based on the current trends in energy use in hotels. The second is the Policy scenario which is developed based on the existing legislative framework, Greek and EU.

Energy Policy, 2011

Exploratory scenarios for the power sector in Nigeria are analysed in this paper using possible p... more Exploratory scenarios for the power sector in Nigeria are analysed in this paper using possible pathways within the Nigerian context and then compared against the Government's power expansion plan in the short to medium term. They include two fossil-fuel (FF and CCGT) and two sustainable-development-driven scenarios (SD1 and SD2). The results from the FF scenarios indicate this is the preferred outcome if the aim is to expand electricity access at the lowest capital costs. However, the annual costs and environmental impacts increase significantly as a consequence. The SD1 scenario, characterised by increased penetration of renewables, leads to a reduction of a wide range of environmental impacts while increasing the annual costs slightly. The SD2 scenario, also with an increased share of renewables, is preferred if the aim is to reduce GHG emissions; however, this comes at an increased annual cost. Both the SD1 and SD2 scenarios also show significant increases in the capital investment compared to the Government's plans. These results can be used to help inform future policy in the Nigerian electricity sector by showing explicitly the range of possible trade-offs between environmental impacts and economic costs both in the short and long terms.►The power sector in Nigeria is set to grow significantly in near future. ►Power sector scenarios are constructed and studied using LCA and economic analysis methods and then compared against the Government's plans. ►These include two fossil-fuel and two sustainable-development-driven scenarios. ►The results explicitly show the trade-offs between environmental impacts and costs. ►Following the fossil fuel paths will reduce capital costs but increase environmental impacts. The renewable energy paths will reduce some environmental impacts but increase the capital costs.

... Lorna Okotto Mulugeta Ayalew Dr. Jonathan Chenoweth Professor Rosalind Malcolm Dr Steve Pedle... more ... Lorna Okotto Mulugeta Ayalew Dr. Jonathan Chenoweth Professor Rosalind Malcolm Dr Steve Pedley Dr Yacob Mulugetta ... of the conventional large scale public and private water suppliers and also at making their services more sensitive to the poor (McGranahan, Njiru et al. ...

Energy Policy, 2010

Résumé/Abstract Over the last decade the important role that local authorities can play in cataly... more Résumé/Abstract Over the last decade the important role that local authorities can play in catalyzing community action on climate change has been repeatedly emphasised by the UK Government. The paper examines this policy context and explores the options available to ...

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2008

The overwhelming majority of Ethiopians lack access to modern energy fuels such as electricity an... more The overwhelming majority of Ethiopians lack access to modern energy fuels such as electricity and liquid petroleum gas, still locked into a biomass-based energy system. As such, women and children in rural areas spend long hours of productive time and labour on woodfuel collection and the urban poor spend a sizeable proportion of their income to meet their daily energy needs. Electricity, which is at the disposal of every household in Western Europe is largely restricted to the urban centres in Ethiopia, hence indicating a strong correlation between lack of access to modern energy and poverty. The paper will analyse the reasons why Ethiopia is lagging behind the rest of the developing world in setting up a sustainable energy pathway. As such, the performance and ‘mind-set’ of various ‘agencies’, i.e. higher education system, government, energy authorities, donor agencies, etc. will be reviewed. The paper refers to a range of cases in to illustrate the challenge of building the mechanisms that allow energy technologies to be successfully disseminated, supported and integrated into rural livelihoods. The paper will provide a series of observations and recommendations to ameliorate the current state-of-affairs and ways through which the various actors (community-based organisations, government at various levels and to a lesser degree, donors) can contribute towards that end.

Energy Policy, 2010

Energy-related CO2 emissions in South Korea have increased substantially, outpacing those of Orga... more Energy-related CO2 emissions in South Korea have increased substantially, outpacing those of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries since 1990. To mitigate CO2 emissions in South Korea, we need to understand the main contributing factors to rising CO2 levels as part of the effort toward developing targeted policies. This paper aims to analyze the specific trends and influencing factors that have caused changes in emissions patterns in South Korea over a 15-year period. To this end, we employed the Log Mean Divisia index method with five energy consumption sectors and seven sub-sectors in terms of fuel mix (FM), energy intensity (EI), structural change (SC) and economic growth (EG). The results showed that EG was a dominant explanation for the increase in CO2 emissions in all of the sectors. The results also demonstrated that FM causes CO2 reduction across the array of sectors with the exception of the energy supply sector. CO2 reduction as a function of SC was also observed in manufacturing, services and residential sectors. Furthermore, EI was an important driver of CO2 reduction in most sectors except for several manufacturing sub-sectors. Based on these findings, it appears that South Korea should implement climate change policies that consider the specific influential factors associated with increasing CO2 emissions in each sector.

Energy Policy, 2010

The power sector in Nigeria is undergoing structural reforms aimed at improving and expanding the... more The power sector in Nigeria is undergoing structural reforms aimed at improving and expanding the current grid generation capacity and distribution network. The Government has injected huge funds into this sector while also granting licences to private companies for the provision of electricity. It is also aiming to increase electricity generation capacity to 25,000 MW by 2020 from the current installed capacity of 6500 MW while also pledging to connect 75% of the population to the grid from the current 40% by 2025. This paper sets out to analyse the implications of the energy policy in Nigeria and presents the life cycle environmental and economic analysis of the current and future electricity sector. The results show that all the life cycle impacts and economic costs increase significantly over the time-period (2003–2030), but at different rates depending on the types of technologies deployed. Renewables such as large hydro and solar proposed by the Government have a potential to reduce the overall life cycle environmental impacts from the electricity mix, considering their lower environmental impacts compared to fossil-fuels. However, this requires a five-fold increase in grid investments from the current US$1.7 billion per year to US$9.40 billion by 2030.

Energy Policy, 2010

Low carbon development (LCD) is a much used word in development circles today. As such, governmen... more Low carbon development (LCD) is a much used word in development circles today. As such, governments are actively exploring how to achieve their growth targets through a low carbon trajectory or even through a ‘carbon neutral’ pathway. This is a new area that challenges how development has been done so far, calling for not only a serious rethink of old practices but also contesting entrenched value systems. In this viewpoint, we explore some of the underlying issues that are driving the process of mainstreaming climate change in development. Recognising that there are variations in LCD, we map out the diversity of understandings and interpretations with a view to lay out the range of possibilities that countries can consider. We argue that whilst countries should certainly draw lessons from the experiences of others on mainstreaming climate change in their policies and practices, the version of LCD that each country follows needs to emerge from within its own national reality, anchored in its development prospects, aspirations and capacities.

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009

Road transport in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to rise in the coming years. Paradoxically, this... more Road transport in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to rise in the coming years. Paradoxically, this expansion is occurring at a time when oil prices have reached new heights. Unstable oil prices do indeed increase the vulnerability of importers. However, it also presents them with a unique opportunity to explore promising technical options to help reduce their over-reliance on imported petroleum fuels. This paper takes a closer look at the potential for biodiesel, with an emphasis on fuels produced from oil palm, castor oil and jatropha in Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania, respectively. The paper provides an economic appraisal of biodiesels from these feedstocks, and sets the context for further discussions on biofuels in Africa.