Martin White | University of Sussex (original) (raw)
Papers by Martin White
The Augmented Representation of Cultural Objects (ARCO) system, developed as a part of an EU ICT ... more The Augmented Representation of Cultural Objects (ARCO) system, developed as a part of an EU ICT project, provides museum curators with software and interface tools to develop web-based virtual museum exhibitions by integrating augmented reality (AR) and 3D computer graphics. ARCO technologies could also be deployed in order to implement educational kiosks placed in real-world museums. The main purpose of the system is to offer an entertaining, informative and enjoyable experience to virtual museum visitors.
Informatica, Jan 1, 2006
The Augmented Representation of Cultural Objects (ARCO) system provides software and interface to... more The Augmented Representation of Cultural Objects (ARCO) system provides software and interface tools to museum curators to develop virtual museum exhibitions, as well as a virtual environment for museum visitors over the World Wide Web or in informative kiosks. The main purpose of the system is to offer an enhanced educative and entertaining experience to virtual museum visitors. In order to assess the usability of the system, two approaches have been employed: a questionnaire based survey and a Cognitive Walkthrough session. Both approaches employed expert evaluators, such as domain experts and usability experts. The result of this study shows a fair performance of the followed approach, as regards the consumed time, financial and other resources, as a great deal of usability problems has been uncovered and many aspects of the system have been investigated. The knowledge gathered aims at creating a conceptual framework for diagnose usability problems in systems in the area of Virtual Cultural Heritage.
International Journal of …, Jan 1, 2007
We have developed several digital heritage interfaces that utilize Web3D, virtual and augmented r... more We have developed several digital heritage interfaces that utilize Web3D, virtual and augmented reality technologies for visualizing digital heritage in an interactive manner through the use of several different input devices. We propose in this paper an integration of these technologies to provide a novel multimodal mixed reality interface that facilitates the implementation of more interesting digital heritage exhibitions. With such exhibitions participants can switch dynamically between virtual web-based environments to indoor augmented reality environments as well as make use of various multimodal interaction techniques to better explore heritage information in the virtual museum. The museum visitor can potentially experience their digital heritage in the physical sense in the museum, then explore further through the web, visualize this heritage in the round (3D on the web), take that 3D artifact into the augmented reality domain (the real world) and explore it further using various multimodal interfaces.
Interactive Technologies and …, Jan 1, 2006
In recent years, 3D and virtual reality have emerged as areas of extreme interest as methods for ... more In recent years, 3D and virtual reality have emerged as areas of extreme interest as methods for visualizing digital museum artefacts in context, and particularly over the Internet. The technology associated with these new visualization techniques has until now been very expensive. The advent of cheap computing and graphics cards coupled with increasing Internet 'broadband' access has made possible the implementation of effective virtual museums both online and within the museum. Virtual museums are valuable for the end-user for efficient and remote learning about their local heritage in a diverse multimodal manner. Multimodal access to museum artefacts can help the user to better understand and appreciate the objects and stories that the museum brings forward, but also creates a closer psychological bond between the user and his past. If we now couple cheap computing technologies, 3D and virtual reality with appropriate 3D interaction techniques based on formal usability evaluations, museums are able to implement high fidelity exhibitions that are intuitive for the museum visitor. This paper reports on the latest technological additions to the EPOCH Multimodal Interface, which is used as an interaction interface that can be implemented as part of a virtual museum interactive system.
Proceedings of the ACM …, Jan 1, 2006
This paper expands on the presentation of a methodology that provides a technology-enhanced exhib... more This paper expands on the presentation of a methodology that provides a technology-enhanced exhibition of a cultural artefact through the use of a safe hybrid 2D/3D multimodal interface. Such tangible interactions are based on the integration of a 3DOF orientation tracker and information sensors with a 'Kromstaf' rapid prototype replica to provide tactile feedback. The multimodal interface allows the user to manipulate the object via physical gestures which, during evaluation, establish a profound level of virtual object presence and user satisfaction. If a user cannot manipulate the virtual object effectively many application specific tasks cannot be performed. This paper assesses the usability of the multimodal interface by comparing it with two input devices-the Magellan SpaceMouse, and a 'black box', which contains the same electronics as the multimodal interface but without the tactile feedback offered by the 'Kromstaf' replica. A complete human-centred usability evaluation was conducted utilizing task based measures in the form of memory recall investigations after exposure to the interface in conjunction with perceived presence and user satisfaction assessments. Fifty-four participants across three conditions (Kromstaf, space mouse and black box) took part in the evaluation.
This paper expands on the presentation of a methodology that provides a technology-enhanced exhib... more This paper expands on the presentation of a methodology that provides a technology-enhanced exhibition of a cultural artefact through the use of a safe hybrid 2D/3D multimodal interface. Such tangible interactions are based on the integration of a 3DOF orientation tracker and information sensors with a 'Kromstaf' rapid prototype replica to provide tactile feedback. The multimodal interface allows the user to manipulate the object via physical gestures which, during evaluation, establish a profound level of virtual object presence and user satisfaction. If a user cannot manipulate the virtual object effectively many application specific tasks cannot be performed. This paper assesses the usability of the multimodal interface by comparing it with two input devices-the Magellan SpaceMouse, and a 'black box', which contains the same electronics as the multimodal interface but without the tactile feedback offered by the 'Kromstaf' replica. A complete human-centred usability evaluation was conducted utilizing task based measures in the form of memory recall investigations after exposure to the interface in conjunction with perceived presence and user satisfaction assessments. Fifty-four participants across three conditions (Kromstaf, space mouse and black box) took part in the evaluation.
In recent years, 3D and virtual reality have emerged as areas of extreme interest as methods for ... more In recent years, 3D and virtual reality have emerged as areas of extreme interest as methods for visualizing digital museum artefacts in context, and particularly over the Internet. The technology associated with these new visualization techniques has until now been very expensive. The advent of cheap computing and graphics cards coupled with increasing Internet ‘broadband’ access has made possible the implementation of effective virtual museums both online and within the museum. Virtual museums are valuable for the end-user for efficient and remote learning about their local heritage in a diverse multimodal manner. Multimodal access to museum artefacts can help the user to better understand and appreciate the objects and stories that the museum brings forward, but also creates a closer psychological bond between the user and his past. If we now couple cheap computing technologies, 3D and virtual reality with appropriate 3D interaction techniques based on formal usability evaluations, museums are able to implement high fidelity exhibitions that are intuitive for the museum visitor. This paper reports on the latest technological additions to the EPOCH Multimodal Interface, which is used as an interaction interface that can be implemented as part of a virtual museum interactive system.
World Transactions on …, Jan 1, 2004
In the article, the authors present an educational application that allows users to interact with... more In the article, the authors present an educational application that allows users to interact with 3D Web content (Web3D) using virtual and augmented reality (AR). This enables an exploration of the potential benefits of Web3D and AR technologies in engineering education and learning. A lecturer’s traditional delivery can be enriched by viewing multimedia content locally or over the Internet, as well as in a tabletop AR environment. The implemented framework is composed in an XML data repository, an XML-based communications server, and an XML-based client visualisation application. In this article, the authors illustrate the architecture by configuring it to deliver multimedia content related to the teaching of mechanical engineering. Four mechanical engineering themes (machines, vehicles, platonic solids and tools) are illustrated here to demonstrate the use of the system to support learning through Web3D.
A system that allows museums to build and manage Virtual and Augmented Reality exhibitions based ... more A system that allows museums to build and manage Virtual and Augmented Reality exhibitions based on 3D models of artifacts is presented. Dynamic content creation based on pre-designed visualization templates allows content designers to create virtual exhibitions very efficiently. Virtual Reality exhibitions can be presented both inside museums, e.g. on touch-screen displays installed inside galleries and, at the same time, on the Internet. Additionally, the presentation based on Augmented Reality technologies allows museum visitors to interact with the content in an intuitive and exciting manner.
The Augmented Representation of Cultural Objects (ARCO) system, developed as a part of an EU ICT ... more The Augmented Representation of Cultural Objects (ARCO) system, developed as a part of an EU ICT project, provides museum curators with software and interface tools to develop web-based virtual museum exhibitions by integrating augmented reality (AR) and 3D computer graphics. ARCO technologies could also be deployed in order to implement educational kiosks placed in real-world museums. The main purpose of the system is to offer an entertaining, informative and enjoyable experience to virtual museum visitors.
Informatica, Jan 1, 2006
The Augmented Representation of Cultural Objects (ARCO) system provides software and interface to... more The Augmented Representation of Cultural Objects (ARCO) system provides software and interface tools to museum curators to develop virtual museum exhibitions, as well as a virtual environment for museum visitors over the World Wide Web or in informative kiosks. The main purpose of the system is to offer an enhanced educative and entertaining experience to virtual museum visitors. In order to assess the usability of the system, two approaches have been employed: a questionnaire based survey and a Cognitive Walkthrough session. Both approaches employed expert evaluators, such as domain experts and usability experts. The result of this study shows a fair performance of the followed approach, as regards the consumed time, financial and other resources, as a great deal of usability problems has been uncovered and many aspects of the system have been investigated. The knowledge gathered aims at creating a conceptual framework for diagnose usability problems in systems in the area of Virtual Cultural Heritage.
International Journal of …, Jan 1, 2007
We have developed several digital heritage interfaces that utilize Web3D, virtual and augmented r... more We have developed several digital heritage interfaces that utilize Web3D, virtual and augmented reality technologies for visualizing digital heritage in an interactive manner through the use of several different input devices. We propose in this paper an integration of these technologies to provide a novel multimodal mixed reality interface that facilitates the implementation of more interesting digital heritage exhibitions. With such exhibitions participants can switch dynamically between virtual web-based environments to indoor augmented reality environments as well as make use of various multimodal interaction techniques to better explore heritage information in the virtual museum. The museum visitor can potentially experience their digital heritage in the physical sense in the museum, then explore further through the web, visualize this heritage in the round (3D on the web), take that 3D artifact into the augmented reality domain (the real world) and explore it further using various multimodal interfaces.
Interactive Technologies and …, Jan 1, 2006
In recent years, 3D and virtual reality have emerged as areas of extreme interest as methods for ... more In recent years, 3D and virtual reality have emerged as areas of extreme interest as methods for visualizing digital museum artefacts in context, and particularly over the Internet. The technology associated with these new visualization techniques has until now been very expensive. The advent of cheap computing and graphics cards coupled with increasing Internet 'broadband' access has made possible the implementation of effective virtual museums both online and within the museum. Virtual museums are valuable for the end-user for efficient and remote learning about their local heritage in a diverse multimodal manner. Multimodal access to museum artefacts can help the user to better understand and appreciate the objects and stories that the museum brings forward, but also creates a closer psychological bond between the user and his past. If we now couple cheap computing technologies, 3D and virtual reality with appropriate 3D interaction techniques based on formal usability evaluations, museums are able to implement high fidelity exhibitions that are intuitive for the museum visitor. This paper reports on the latest technological additions to the EPOCH Multimodal Interface, which is used as an interaction interface that can be implemented as part of a virtual museum interactive system.
Proceedings of the ACM …, Jan 1, 2006
This paper expands on the presentation of a methodology that provides a technology-enhanced exhib... more This paper expands on the presentation of a methodology that provides a technology-enhanced exhibition of a cultural artefact through the use of a safe hybrid 2D/3D multimodal interface. Such tangible interactions are based on the integration of a 3DOF orientation tracker and information sensors with a 'Kromstaf' rapid prototype replica to provide tactile feedback. The multimodal interface allows the user to manipulate the object via physical gestures which, during evaluation, establish a profound level of virtual object presence and user satisfaction. If a user cannot manipulate the virtual object effectively many application specific tasks cannot be performed. This paper assesses the usability of the multimodal interface by comparing it with two input devices-the Magellan SpaceMouse, and a 'black box', which contains the same electronics as the multimodal interface but without the tactile feedback offered by the 'Kromstaf' replica. A complete human-centred usability evaluation was conducted utilizing task based measures in the form of memory recall investigations after exposure to the interface in conjunction with perceived presence and user satisfaction assessments. Fifty-four participants across three conditions (Kromstaf, space mouse and black box) took part in the evaluation.
This paper expands on the presentation of a methodology that provides a technology-enhanced exhib... more This paper expands on the presentation of a methodology that provides a technology-enhanced exhibition of a cultural artefact through the use of a safe hybrid 2D/3D multimodal interface. Such tangible interactions are based on the integration of a 3DOF orientation tracker and information sensors with a 'Kromstaf' rapid prototype replica to provide tactile feedback. The multimodal interface allows the user to manipulate the object via physical gestures which, during evaluation, establish a profound level of virtual object presence and user satisfaction. If a user cannot manipulate the virtual object effectively many application specific tasks cannot be performed. This paper assesses the usability of the multimodal interface by comparing it with two input devices-the Magellan SpaceMouse, and a 'black box', which contains the same electronics as the multimodal interface but without the tactile feedback offered by the 'Kromstaf' replica. A complete human-centred usability evaluation was conducted utilizing task based measures in the form of memory recall investigations after exposure to the interface in conjunction with perceived presence and user satisfaction assessments. Fifty-four participants across three conditions (Kromstaf, space mouse and black box) took part in the evaluation.
In recent years, 3D and virtual reality have emerged as areas of extreme interest as methods for ... more In recent years, 3D and virtual reality have emerged as areas of extreme interest as methods for visualizing digital museum artefacts in context, and particularly over the Internet. The technology associated with these new visualization techniques has until now been very expensive. The advent of cheap computing and graphics cards coupled with increasing Internet ‘broadband’ access has made possible the implementation of effective virtual museums both online and within the museum. Virtual museums are valuable for the end-user for efficient and remote learning about their local heritage in a diverse multimodal manner. Multimodal access to museum artefacts can help the user to better understand and appreciate the objects and stories that the museum brings forward, but also creates a closer psychological bond between the user and his past. If we now couple cheap computing technologies, 3D and virtual reality with appropriate 3D interaction techniques based on formal usability evaluations, museums are able to implement high fidelity exhibitions that are intuitive for the museum visitor. This paper reports on the latest technological additions to the EPOCH Multimodal Interface, which is used as an interaction interface that can be implemented as part of a virtual museum interactive system.
World Transactions on …, Jan 1, 2004
In the article, the authors present an educational application that allows users to interact with... more In the article, the authors present an educational application that allows users to interact with 3D Web content (Web3D) using virtual and augmented reality (AR). This enables an exploration of the potential benefits of Web3D and AR technologies in engineering education and learning. A lecturer’s traditional delivery can be enriched by viewing multimedia content locally or over the Internet, as well as in a tabletop AR environment. The implemented framework is composed in an XML data repository, an XML-based communications server, and an XML-based client visualisation application. In this article, the authors illustrate the architecture by configuring it to deliver multimedia content related to the teaching of mechanical engineering. Four mechanical engineering themes (machines, vehicles, platonic solids and tools) are illustrated here to demonstrate the use of the system to support learning through Web3D.
A system that allows museums to build and manage Virtual and Augmented Reality exhibitions based ... more A system that allows museums to build and manage Virtual and Augmented Reality exhibitions based on 3D models of artifacts is presented. Dynamic content creation based on pre-designed visualization templates allows content designers to create virtual exhibitions very efficiently. Virtual Reality exhibitions can be presented both inside museums, e.g. on touch-screen displays installed inside galleries and, at the same time, on the Internet. Additionally, the presentation based on Augmented Reality technologies allows museum visitors to interact with the content in an intuitive and exciting manner.