Waiza Rafique | University of Sussex (original) (raw)
Miss Rafique, an Advocate by profession, has done her LLB Honors from Punjab University Law College, Lahore. Besides her major Law degree, she has attained Post-Graduate Diploma in International Affairs with distinction from Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab and a Post-Graduate Diploma in Banking Laws and Litigation from Punjab University Law College. She is also Certified under a course-cum-internship Program in International Law by Research Society of International Law (RSIL), Pakistan. Her major areas of interest include Corporate Law, Civil Litigation, Banking Law, Oil and Gas Laws, Construction Laws, Constitutional Law, International Law and Law of Arbitrations.Along with her professional engagements, she has keen interest in social, political, cultural and gender related issues prevalent in Pakistani society. She frequently writes legal/socio-political articles at prestigious fora like Pakistan Law Journal, Courting the Law and LEARN Blogs.She has been an assistanat at Lahore Education and Researach Network under LEARN's Volunteer Program, a Youth Parliamentarian, Member of Youth Standing Committee on Rule of Law under Youth Provincial Assembly Punjab(YPAP) by PILDAT and is a leading team member of Positive Pakistan Lahore Chapter.
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A huge part of what constitutes the definition of beauty in the Indian Subcontinent is the fair s... more A huge part of what constitutes the definition of beauty in the Indian Subcontinent is the fair skin colour. Hence people, particularly girls and women, who do not fall up to this definition of beauty are straight away rejected in many terms, if not explicitly, then impliedly.
The most beautiful aspect of Law is that it keeps on evolving with time. A practice which may be ... more The most beautiful aspect of Law is that it keeps on evolving with time. A practice which may be a law at one time may be set aside and may have no legal implications at another time. Many of the well settled principles of Law have been turned over by this evolutionary and adaptive nature of Law.
Antibiotics are a kind of powerful anti-microbial1 drugs which fight against bacterial infections... more Antibiotics are a kind of powerful anti-microbial1 drugs which fight against bacterial infections. In Pakistan, the trend of prescribing antibiotics is rising day by day and has resulted in antibiotic resistance. " Increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to public health and there is an urgent need that people, particularly health professionals, exercise caution and do not use or prescribe the drugs unless their need is indicated by relevant laboratory tests " 2 There are Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Test to be carried out before prescribing antibiotics but these steps are hardly followed by medical practitioners in Pakistan. Irrational drug prescription and drug resistance has become a major problem not only in Pakistan but worldwide. It is primarily due to high level of prescription by non-qualified practitioners, self-medication, overuse of medicines and inappropriate prescription particularly by qualified providers.3 The huge antibiotic prescription rate has led to increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria and reduction of natural immunity level in both human beings and livestock. The gravity of the situation can be estimated from the fact that World Health Organization (WHO) published its first ever list of antibiotic-resistant " priority pathogens "-a catalogue of 12 families of bacteria that pose greatest threat to human life.4 Therefore, it is of utmost importance to curb this problem and deal with this problem strategically and in legal terms. Medical Practitioners are duty bound to administer antibiotics with extreme care and due diligence. Critical analysis of the overall Legal framework depicts that there is a no concrete law regarding to the use of antibiotics in the world particularly in developing countries. " Suggesting the antibiotics to the patients and animals etc. without applying antibiotic sensitivity test causes serious damage to the health of animals and particularly humans beings which is the violation of human rights in a civic society and it is the responsibility of state that some stringent and concrete steps must be taken in this context. " 5 In Pakistan, most of General Practitioners 1 Lyndal Rowland, " Utilizing antibiotics agents effectively will preserve present day
Papers by Waiza Rafique
_____________________________________________________ Abstract Pakistan's judicial system is burd... more _____________________________________________________ Abstract Pakistan's judicial system is burdened by large caseload3. One of the major reasons of delayed justice in Pakistan is huge pendency ratio of cases in both subordinate and superior courts. This research paper will cover the strategy to reduce the delay in dispensation of justice by intervention of technology in case management and in the overall judicial process. The influx of litigation is manifolds high than the out flux. In this regard, effective mechanisms for expeditious disposal of backlog of cases are required to curtail delays in court cases because the influx of cases is persistently growing. This research paper will also encompass the strategies such as alternate dispute resolution for small cause matters to address the backlog issue and to reduce the load over already burdened courts of Pakistan. The Bench-Bar liaison for effective dispensation of justice is another inevitable tool to curb the prevailing delays. Along with the bench-bar liaison, the statistical analysis of pending cases and the ways to deal with this backlog will also be covered in this research paper.
A huge part of what constitutes the definition of beauty in the Indian Subcontinent is the fair s... more A huge part of what constitutes the definition of beauty in the Indian Subcontinent is the fair skin colour. Hence people, particularly girls and women, who do not fall up to this definition of beauty are straight away rejected in many terms, if not explicitly, then impliedly.
The most beautiful aspect of Law is that it keeps on evolving with time. A practice which may be ... more The most beautiful aspect of Law is that it keeps on evolving with time. A practice which may be a law at one time may be set aside and may have no legal implications at another time. Many of the well settled principles of Law have been turned over by this evolutionary and adaptive nature of Law.
Antibiotics are a kind of powerful anti-microbial1 drugs which fight against bacterial infections... more Antibiotics are a kind of powerful anti-microbial1 drugs which fight against bacterial infections. In Pakistan, the trend of prescribing antibiotics is rising day by day and has resulted in antibiotic resistance. " Increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to public health and there is an urgent need that people, particularly health professionals, exercise caution and do not use or prescribe the drugs unless their need is indicated by relevant laboratory tests " 2 There are Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Test to be carried out before prescribing antibiotics but these steps are hardly followed by medical practitioners in Pakistan. Irrational drug prescription and drug resistance has become a major problem not only in Pakistan but worldwide. It is primarily due to high level of prescription by non-qualified practitioners, self-medication, overuse of medicines and inappropriate prescription particularly by qualified providers.3 The huge antibiotic prescription rate has led to increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria and reduction of natural immunity level in both human beings and livestock. The gravity of the situation can be estimated from the fact that World Health Organization (WHO) published its first ever list of antibiotic-resistant " priority pathogens "-a catalogue of 12 families of bacteria that pose greatest threat to human life.4 Therefore, it is of utmost importance to curb this problem and deal with this problem strategically and in legal terms. Medical Practitioners are duty bound to administer antibiotics with extreme care and due diligence. Critical analysis of the overall Legal framework depicts that there is a no concrete law regarding to the use of antibiotics in the world particularly in developing countries. " Suggesting the antibiotics to the patients and animals etc. without applying antibiotic sensitivity test causes serious damage to the health of animals and particularly humans beings which is the violation of human rights in a civic society and it is the responsibility of state that some stringent and concrete steps must be taken in this context. " 5 In Pakistan, most of General Practitioners 1 Lyndal Rowland, " Utilizing antibiotics agents effectively will preserve present day
_____________________________________________________ Abstract Pakistan's judicial system is burd... more _____________________________________________________ Abstract Pakistan's judicial system is burdened by large caseload3. One of the major reasons of delayed justice in Pakistan is huge pendency ratio of cases in both subordinate and superior courts. This research paper will cover the strategy to reduce the delay in dispensation of justice by intervention of technology in case management and in the overall judicial process. The influx of litigation is manifolds high than the out flux. In this regard, effective mechanisms for expeditious disposal of backlog of cases are required to curtail delays in court cases because the influx of cases is persistently growing. This research paper will also encompass the strategies such as alternate dispute resolution for small cause matters to address the backlog issue and to reduce the load over already burdened courts of Pakistan. The Bench-Bar liaison for effective dispensation of justice is another inevitable tool to curb the prevailing delays. Along with the bench-bar liaison, the statistical analysis of pending cases and the ways to deal with this backlog will also be covered in this research paper.