suresh gulati | The University of Sydney (original) (raw)

Papers by suresh gulati

Research paper thumbnail of Incorporation of n−3 fatty acids of fish oil into tissue and serum lipids of ruminants

Lipids, 1992

This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids... more This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids in ruminants. Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids were not biohydrogenated to any significant extent by rumen microorganisms, whereas C18 polyenoic fatty acids were extensively hydrogenated. The feeding of protected fish oil increased the proportion of 20:5 from 1% to 13-18% and 22:6 from 2% to 7-9% in serum lipids and there were reductions in the proportion of stearic (18:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids. The proportion of 20:5 in muscle phospholipids (PL) increased from 1.5% to 14.7% and 22:6 from 1.0% to 4.2%; these acids were not incorporated into muscle or adipose tissue triacylglycerols (TAG). In the total PL of muscle, the incorporated 20:5 and 22:6 substituted primarily for oleic (18:1) and/or linoleic (18:2) acid, and there was no consistent change in the porportion of arachidonic (20:4) acid.

Research paper thumbnail of Transfer Rates of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids into Cow's Milk in Pasture Based and Feed‐Lot Management Systems

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Ruminal hydrogenation of cholesterol

Journal of Lipid Research, 1978

Cholesterol was hydrogenated by anaerobic incubation with sheep rumen fluid for periods up to 20 ... more Cholesterol was hydrogenated by anaerobic incubation with sheep rumen fluid for periods up to 20 hr. The principal product of cholesterol hydrogenation was identified as coprostanol. Cholesterol could be protected against in vitro ruminal hydrogenation by encapsulation in a matrix of formaldehyde-treated casein. Formaldehyde-treated casein-cholesterol preparations were also shown to be protected against hydrogenation in vivo and, when supplements containing 1 g per day of protected or unprotected cholesterol were fed to sheep over a period of 8-9 weeks, there were marked differences in the plasma cholesterol response. The plasma cholesterol of the sheep fed protected cholesterol increased by at least 60%. The plasma cholesterol of the sheep fed unprotected cholesterol also tended to increase during the first 5 weeks of supplementation but thereafter declined to almost control levels at 8 weeks.

Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary results on the relative incorporation of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids into cows milk from two types of rumen protected fish oil

International Dairy Journal, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Utilisation of fish oil in ruminants

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of ruminal biohydrogenation on the feeding value of fat in finishing diets for feedlot cattle

Journal of Animal Science, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of including a ruminally protected lipid supplement in the diet on the fatty acid composition of beef muscle

British Journal of Nutrition, 2003

Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content o... more Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content of beef is an important target in terms of improving the nutritional value of this food for the consumer. The present study examined the effects of feeding a ruminally protected lipid supplement (PLS) rich in PUFA on the fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis muscle and associated subcutaneous adipose tissue. Animals were fed ad libitum on grass silage plus one of three concentrate treatments in which the lipid source was either Megalac (rich in palmitic acid; 16:0) or PLS (soyabean, linseed and sunflower-seed oils resulting in an 18:2n−6🔞3n−3 value of 2·4:1). Treatment 1 contained 100g Megalac/kg (Mega, control); treatment 2 (PLS1) contained 54g Megalac/kg with 500g PLS/d fed separately; treatment 3 (PLS2) contained no Megalac and 1000g PLS/d fed separately. The PLS was considered as part of the overall concentrate allocation per d in maintaining an overall forage:concentrate ...

Research paper thumbnail of Increased efficiency of wool growth and live weight gain in Merino sheep fed transgenic lupin seed containing sunflower albumin

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of fatty acid profiles and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed canola seed and sunflower seed meal supplements protected from metabolism in …

Australian Journal of …, 1993

The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplem... more The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplements on the fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers was examined. Fifty Hereford cross steers, average weight of 290 kg, were assigned to five ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of feeding different fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk

Animal Feed Science and …, 1997

The effect of feeding dietary fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk was exam... more The effect of feeding dietary fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk was examined. Inclusion of canola and soybean (80/20; w/w) oilseed supplement protected from ruminal hydrogenation, significantly increased the proportion of C18:1 (oleic acid), C18:2 ( ...

Research paper thumbnail of In-vitro assessment of fat supplements for ruminants

Animal feed science and technology, 1997

In-vitro anaerobic incubations were used to assess the degree of metabolism or rumen inertness of... more In-vitro anaerobic incubations were used to assess the degree of metabolism or rumen inertness of different fat supplements containing either triacyglycerols and/or free fatty acids. The extent of triacylglycerol lipolysis and biohydrogenation of the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid ( ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in ruminant muscle

Journal of lipid research, 1993

Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an incre...

Research paper thumbnail of Protection of conjugated linoleic acids from ruminal hydrogenation and their incorporation into milk fat

Animal Feed Science …, 2000

In vitro incubations were used to assess the hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isom... more In vitro incubations were used to assess the hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers 9-cis 11-trans and 10-trans 12-cis present in synthetically produced CLA-60. About 80–90% of the unprotected CLA was hydrogenated when incubated at 38°C for 24 h ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of feeding tuna oil supplement protected against hydrogenation in the rumen on growth and n-3 fatty acid content of lamb fat and muscle

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research

To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs w... more To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs were fed indoors a concentrate ration supplemented (3% DM) with much lower levels than used previously of rumen-protected tuna oil for 42 days. A second group of lambs were fed diets supplemented with tallow (3% DM) to make the diets iso-caloric. There was no difference in final liveweight, average daily gain, hot carcass yield, or dry matter intake (DMI) between lambs fed with tallow and tuna oil-supplemented diets. Both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in muscle tissue samples from tuna oil-fed lambs were thrice those in tallow-fed lambs (1.81% v. 0.61% for EPA; 1.51 v. 0.44% total fatty acids for DHA). There were also significant incorporations of EPA and DHA into omental and perirenal fat. The level of linolenic acid in both muscle and adipose tissue of tuna oil fed lambs was double that of tallow-fed lambs. Feeding protected tuna oil significantly enh...

Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of fatty acid profiles and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed canola seed and sunflower seed meal supplements protected from metabolism in the rumen

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research

The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplem... more The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplements on the fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers was examined. Fifty Hereford cross steers, average weight of 290 kg, were assigned to five groups of 10 and fed the following barley based concentrate rations for 133 days: I, control (containing 15% untreated sunflower seed meal (SSM)); 11, PSM 15%; 111, PCS 10%; IV, PSM 15% plus PCS 10%; V, PSM 15% plus PCS 15%. The inclusion of PCS, with and without PSM, increased the proportion of Cis unsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous, perirenal and omental fats; there were threefold increases in the proportion of linoleic (18: 2) acid, fivefold increases in linolenic (18 : 3) acid and smaller increases in the proportion of oleic acid (18 : 1). There was a 20-25% reduction in the proportion of palmitic acid, and the largest decrease was observed in the adipose tissue of steers receiving 15% PCS in the diet. Joint f...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerop hospholi pids in ruminant

Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an increase in the proportion of 18:0-20:5(n-3) in the alkenyl CPG. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diacyl EPG), 18:0-20:4(n-6) represented about 30% of the molecular species and this was reduced to less than 20% by fish oil supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in ruminant muscle

The Journal of Lipid Research

Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an increase in the proportion of 18:0-20:5(n-3) in the alkenyl CPG. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diacyl EPG), 18:0-20:4(n-6) represented about 30% of the molecular species and this was reduced to less than 20% by fish oil supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Research paper thumbnail of Transfer Efficiency of Unsaturated Fatty Acids into Milk of Cows Fed Supplements of Cottonseed Protected from Ruminal Degradation

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing milk quality and yield in the dairy cow and buffalo by feeding protected nutrient supplements

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Background - The major limitation to ruminant production in many regions of the Indian sub-contin... more Background - The major limitation to ruminant production in many regions of the Indian sub-continent and parts of Australia is poor nutrition. This results in a lack of availability of key nutrients, eg, essential amino acids and energy to sustain reasonable levels of milk production. To overcome these deficiencies by-pass fat and protein supplements have been developed from oilseeds/ meals and by-products. Objective - To assess the role of by-pass nutrients in a straw based feeding system in India. Design - Protected nutrient supplements of by-pass fat and by-pass protein were fed to cows and buffaloes; the milk composition was assessed and an economic evaluation was undertaken. Outcomes - Feeding protected fat supplements increased fat, protein and yield of milk significantly. The concentration of oleic (C18:1 cis), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased with a reduction in the saturated fatty acids eg, palmitic (C16:0); this response was similar to that observed w...

Research paper thumbnail of Improving the nutritional quality and yield of dairy foods - Indian Dairyman 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Incorporation of n−3 fatty acids of fish oil into tissue and serum lipids of ruminants

Lipids, 1992

This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids... more This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids in ruminants. Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids were not biohydrogenated to any significant extent by rumen microorganisms, whereas C18 polyenoic fatty acids were extensively hydrogenated. The feeding of protected fish oil increased the proportion of 20:5 from 1% to 13-18% and 22:6 from 2% to 7-9% in serum lipids and there were reductions in the proportion of stearic (18:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids. The proportion of 20:5 in muscle phospholipids (PL) increased from 1.5% to 14.7% and 22:6 from 1.0% to 4.2%; these acids were not incorporated into muscle or adipose tissue triacylglycerols (TAG). In the total PL of muscle, the incorporated 20:5 and 22:6 substituted primarily for oleic (18:1) and/or linoleic (18:2) acid, and there was no consistent change in the porportion of arachidonic (20:4) acid.

Research paper thumbnail of Transfer Rates of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids into Cow's Milk in Pasture Based and Feed‐Lot Management Systems

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Ruminal hydrogenation of cholesterol

Journal of Lipid Research, 1978

Cholesterol was hydrogenated by anaerobic incubation with sheep rumen fluid for periods up to 20 ... more Cholesterol was hydrogenated by anaerobic incubation with sheep rumen fluid for periods up to 20 hr. The principal product of cholesterol hydrogenation was identified as coprostanol. Cholesterol could be protected against in vitro ruminal hydrogenation by encapsulation in a matrix of formaldehyde-treated casein. Formaldehyde-treated casein-cholesterol preparations were also shown to be protected against hydrogenation in vivo and, when supplements containing 1 g per day of protected or unprotected cholesterol were fed to sheep over a period of 8-9 weeks, there were marked differences in the plasma cholesterol response. The plasma cholesterol of the sheep fed protected cholesterol increased by at least 60%. The plasma cholesterol of the sheep fed unprotected cholesterol also tended to increase during the first 5 weeks of supplementation but thereafter declined to almost control levels at 8 weeks.

Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary results on the relative incorporation of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids into cows milk from two types of rumen protected fish oil

International Dairy Journal, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Utilisation of fish oil in ruminants

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of ruminal biohydrogenation on the feeding value of fat in finishing diets for feedlot cattle

Journal of Animal Science, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of including a ruminally protected lipid supplement in the diet on the fatty acid composition of beef muscle

British Journal of Nutrition, 2003

Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content o... more Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content of beef is an important target in terms of improving the nutritional value of this food for the consumer. The present study examined the effects of feeding a ruminally protected lipid supplement (PLS) rich in PUFA on the fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis muscle and associated subcutaneous adipose tissue. Animals were fed ad libitum on grass silage plus one of three concentrate treatments in which the lipid source was either Megalac (rich in palmitic acid; 16:0) or PLS (soyabean, linseed and sunflower-seed oils resulting in an 18:2n−6🔞3n−3 value of 2·4:1). Treatment 1 contained 100g Megalac/kg (Mega, control); treatment 2 (PLS1) contained 54g Megalac/kg with 500g PLS/d fed separately; treatment 3 (PLS2) contained no Megalac and 1000g PLS/d fed separately. The PLS was considered as part of the overall concentrate allocation per d in maintaining an overall forage:concentrate ...

Research paper thumbnail of Increased efficiency of wool growth and live weight gain in Merino sheep fed transgenic lupin seed containing sunflower albumin

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of fatty acid profiles and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed canola seed and sunflower seed meal supplements protected from metabolism in …

Australian Journal of …, 1993

The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplem... more The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplements on the fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers was examined. Fifty Hereford cross steers, average weight of 290 kg, were assigned to five ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of feeding different fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk

Animal Feed Science and …, 1997

The effect of feeding dietary fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk was exam... more The effect of feeding dietary fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk was examined. Inclusion of canola and soybean (80/20; w/w) oilseed supplement protected from ruminal hydrogenation, significantly increased the proportion of C18:1 (oleic acid), C18:2 ( ...

Research paper thumbnail of In-vitro assessment of fat supplements for ruminants

Animal feed science and technology, 1997

In-vitro anaerobic incubations were used to assess the degree of metabolism or rumen inertness of... more In-vitro anaerobic incubations were used to assess the degree of metabolism or rumen inertness of different fat supplements containing either triacyglycerols and/or free fatty acids. The extent of triacylglycerol lipolysis and biohydrogenation of the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid ( ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in ruminant muscle

Journal of lipid research, 1993

Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an incre...

Research paper thumbnail of Protection of conjugated linoleic acids from ruminal hydrogenation and their incorporation into milk fat

Animal Feed Science …, 2000

In vitro incubations were used to assess the hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isom... more In vitro incubations were used to assess the hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers 9-cis 11-trans and 10-trans 12-cis present in synthetically produced CLA-60. About 80–90% of the unprotected CLA was hydrogenated when incubated at 38°C for 24 h ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of feeding tuna oil supplement protected against hydrogenation in the rumen on growth and n-3 fatty acid content of lamb fat and muscle

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research

To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs w... more To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs were fed indoors a concentrate ration supplemented (3% DM) with much lower levels than used previously of rumen-protected tuna oil for 42 days. A second group of lambs were fed diets supplemented with tallow (3% DM) to make the diets iso-caloric. There was no difference in final liveweight, average daily gain, hot carcass yield, or dry matter intake (DMI) between lambs fed with tallow and tuna oil-supplemented diets. Both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in muscle tissue samples from tuna oil-fed lambs were thrice those in tallow-fed lambs (1.81% v. 0.61% for EPA; 1.51 v. 0.44% total fatty acids for DHA). There were also significant incorporations of EPA and DHA into omental and perirenal fat. The level of linolenic acid in both muscle and adipose tissue of tuna oil fed lambs was double that of tallow-fed lambs. Feeding protected tuna oil significantly enh...

Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of fatty acid profiles and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed canola seed and sunflower seed meal supplements protected from metabolism in the rumen

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research

The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplem... more The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplements on the fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers was examined. Fifty Hereford cross steers, average weight of 290 kg, were assigned to five groups of 10 and fed the following barley based concentrate rations for 133 days: I, control (containing 15% untreated sunflower seed meal (SSM)); 11, PSM 15%; 111, PCS 10%; IV, PSM 15% plus PCS 10%; V, PSM 15% plus PCS 15%. The inclusion of PCS, with and without PSM, increased the proportion of Cis unsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous, perirenal and omental fats; there were threefold increases in the proportion of linoleic (18: 2) acid, fivefold increases in linolenic (18 : 3) acid and smaller increases in the proportion of oleic acid (18 : 1). There was a 20-25% reduction in the proportion of palmitic acid, and the largest decrease was observed in the adipose tissue of steers receiving 15% PCS in the diet. Joint f...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerop hospholi pids in ruminant

Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an increase in the proportion of 18:0-20:5(n-3) in the alkenyl CPG. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diacyl EPG), 18:0-20:4(n-6) represented about 30% of the molecular species and this was reduced to less than 20% by fish oil supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in ruminant muscle

The Journal of Lipid Research

Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an increase in the proportion of 18:0-20:5(n-3) in the alkenyl CPG. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diacyl EPG), 18:0-20:4(n-6) represented about 30% of the molecular species and this was reduced to less than 20% by fish oil supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Research paper thumbnail of Transfer Efficiency of Unsaturated Fatty Acids into Milk of Cows Fed Supplements of Cottonseed Protected from Ruminal Degradation

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing milk quality and yield in the dairy cow and buffalo by feeding protected nutrient supplements

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Background - The major limitation to ruminant production in many regions of the Indian sub-contin... more Background - The major limitation to ruminant production in many regions of the Indian sub-continent and parts of Australia is poor nutrition. This results in a lack of availability of key nutrients, eg, essential amino acids and energy to sustain reasonable levels of milk production. To overcome these deficiencies by-pass fat and protein supplements have been developed from oilseeds/ meals and by-products. Objective - To assess the role of by-pass nutrients in a straw based feeding system in India. Design - Protected nutrient supplements of by-pass fat and by-pass protein were fed to cows and buffaloes; the milk composition was assessed and an economic evaluation was undertaken. Outcomes - Feeding protected fat supplements increased fat, protein and yield of milk significantly. The concentration of oleic (C18:1 cis), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased with a reduction in the saturated fatty acids eg, palmitic (C16:0); this response was similar to that observed w...

Research paper thumbnail of Improving the nutritional quality and yield of dairy foods - Indian Dairyman 2013