suresh gulati - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by suresh gulati
Incorporation of n−3 fatty acids of fish oil into tissue and serum lipids of ruminants
Lipids, 1992
This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids... more This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids in ruminants. Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids were not biohydrogenated to any significant extent by rumen microorganisms, whereas C18 polyenoic fatty acids were extensively hydrogenated. The feeding of protected fish oil increased the proportion of 20:5 from 1% to 13-18% and 22:6 from 2% to 7-9% in serum lipids and there were reductions in the proportion of stearic (18:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids. The proportion of 20:5 in muscle phospholipids (PL) increased from 1.5% to 14.7% and 22:6 from 1.0% to 4.2%; these acids were not incorporated into muscle or adipose tissue triacylglycerols (TAG). In the total PL of muscle, the incorporated 20:5 and 22:6 substituted primarily for oleic (18:1) and/or linoleic (18:2) acid, and there was no consistent change in the porportion of arachidonic (20:4) acid.
Transfer Rates of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids into Cow's Milk in Pasture Based and Feed‐Lot Management Systems
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2022
Ruminal hydrogenation of cholesterol
Journal of Lipid Research, 1978
Cholesterol was hydrogenated by anaerobic incubation with sheep rumen fluid for periods up to 20 ... more Cholesterol was hydrogenated by anaerobic incubation with sheep rumen fluid for periods up to 20 hr. The principal product of cholesterol hydrogenation was identified as coprostanol. Cholesterol could be protected against in vitro ruminal hydrogenation by encapsulation in a matrix of formaldehyde-treated casein. Formaldehyde-treated casein-cholesterol preparations were also shown to be protected against hydrogenation in vivo and, when supplements containing 1 g per day of protected or unprotected cholesterol were fed to sheep over a period of 8-9 weeks, there were marked differences in the plasma cholesterol response. The plasma cholesterol of the sheep fed protected cholesterol increased by at least 60%. The plasma cholesterol of the sheep fed unprotected cholesterol also tended to increase during the first 5 weeks of supplementation but thereafter declined to almost control levels at 8 weeks.
International Dairy Journal, 2003
Effects of feeding two different types of rumen protected fish oil for 5 days (approximately 1.1 ... more Effects of feeding two different types of rumen protected fish oil for 5 days (approximately 1.1 kg of oil per day, containing docosahexaenoic (DHA, C 22:6 ) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C 20:5 ) in the ratios of 4.8:1 or 0.6:1; DHA:EPA) on the fatty acid composition of milk from Friesian cows in mid-lactation grazing pasture was examined. Feeding the DHA enriched supplement increased the proportion of DHA and EPA in milk to 2.19% and 1.25%, respectively. There was a major difference in the apparent transfer of DHA and EPA from the diet into milk (7.8% and 21.1%, respectively). In comparison, feeding the EPA enriched supplement the proportions of DHA and EPA increased to 0.69% and 1.36%, respectively. The apparent transfer of DHA and EPA from the protected lipid supplement was similar, being 6.8% and 8.1%, respectively. Both types of fish oil increased the proportion and yield of C 18:1 trans and C 18 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat. The C 18:1 trans was greater in milk fat from the high EPA supplement (13.7% and 17%, DHA and EPA enriched supplement, respectively) and likewise the proportion of c-9, t-11 CLA was greater (2.9% and 5.1%; DHA and EPA enriched supplement, respectively); this may be due to the lower ruminal protection of the high EPA supplement.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001
Five sheep with rumen and abomasal cannulae were offered three diets sequentially in the order: c... more Five sheep with rumen and abomasal cannulae were offered three diets sequentially in the order: control (C) pellets (lucerne hay-oat grain: 60/40, w/w), control plus unprotected tuna oil (UTO pellets), and control plus tuna oil protected (casein-formaldehyde matrix) against ruminal biohydrogenation (PTO pellets). In supplemented diets, tuna oil constituted 3% (w/w) of total dry matter (DM), and each supplement was fed for 12 days, with 9 days allowed between the two ®sh oil feeding periods to minimise carry-over effects. Daily DM intake was 785 AE 38 g/head during the control period. It was signi®cantly reduced by UTO feeding (6.2%, P`0X05) but not PTO feeding. The level of EPA in the abomasum during PTO feeding was double that measured during UTO feeding (1.30 versus 0.61% of FA, P`0X05). The level of DHA in the abomasum did not signi®cantly differ between UTO and PTO feeding periods. Both tuna oil supplements signi®cantly increased the levels of 18:1 trans and that of a fatty acid derivative identi®ed as 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) in both the rumen and abomsum. Tuna oil supplementation also altered the fatty acid composition of plasma lipid fractions and 10-HSA was solely incorporated into plasma free fatty acids. This study indicates that substantial protection of tuna oil against ruminal hydrogenation inhibited reduced feed intake, but increased the proportion of 18:1 trans isomer and fatty acids derivatives (10-HSA), which indicate interference with metabolism in the rumen.
Journal of Animal Science, 2000
Four Holstein steers (212 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 ×... more Four Holstein steers (212 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to study the influence of degree of ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) on the feeding value of supplemental fat. Treatments consisted of an 88% concentrate finishing diet supplemented with 1) 2% yellow grease (control); 2) 4% formaldehyde-protected fat (Rumentek), 2% yellow grease (LBH); 3) 2% Rumentek, 4% yellow grease (MBH); or 4) 6% yellow grease (HBH).
British Journal of Nutrition, 2003
Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content o... more Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content of beef is an important target in terms of improving the nutritional value of this food for the consumer. The present study examined the effects of feeding a ruminally protected lipid supplement (PLS) rich in PUFA on the fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis muscle and associated subcutaneous adipose tissue. Animals were fed ad libitum on grass silage plus one of three concentrate treatments in which the lipid source was either Megalac (rich in palmitic acid; 16:0) or PLS (soyabean, linseed and sunflower-seed oils resulting in an 18:2n−6🔞3n−3 value of 2·4:1). Treatment 1 contained 100g Megalac/kg (Mega, control); treatment 2 (PLS1) contained 54g Megalac/kg with 500g PLS/d fed separately; treatment 3 (PLS2) contained no Megalac and 1000g PLS/d fed separately. The PLS was considered as part of the overall concentrate allocation per d in maintaining an overall forage:concentrate ...
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000
The aim of this experiment was to assess, using sheep, the nutritive value of lupin seed transgen... more The aim of this experiment was to assess, using sheep, the nutritive value of lupin seed transgenically modi®ed to contain sun¯ower seed albumin. Eighty Merino wether sheep of mean live weight 32.3 kg were divided into two groups and fed 796 g dry matter (DM) day À1 of a cereal hay-based diet containing 350 g kg À1 of either the transgenic or parent (unmodi®ed) lupin seed for 6 weeks. Measurements were made of wool growth and live weight gain. After 6 weeks, half the sheep in each group were selected for a urine and faeces balance study in which organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N) and urinary purine metabolites were measured. Blood samples were taken from all sheep at the beginning and end of treatment and analysed for amino acids and plasma metabolites. A comprehensive chemical analysis of the grains showed that there was little difference between them in terms of most nutritional components, but the transgenic lupin seed contained a 2.3-fold higher methionine concentration and 1.3-fold higher cysteine than did the parent. There were no signi®cant differences between grains in OM digestibility, rumen microbial protein synthesis or in sacco degradability of dry matter. Sheep fed the transgenic lupin grain had an 8% higher rate of wool growth (P `0.01) and 7% higher live weight gain (P `0.05) than sheep fed the parent grain. The sulphur (S) concentration of wool and the cysteine concentration of plasma were also higher in the sheep fed the transgenic lupin by 2.7% and 11.5% respectively (P `0.05). Plasma methionine was increased by 10%, but the differences were not statistically signi®cant (P b 0.1). Plasma urea N was lower in the sheep fed the transgenic grain than those fed the parent grain (6.5 vs 6.8 mmol l À1 , P `0.05). The results show that genetic modi®cation of a feed grain can improve its nutritive value for ruminants. The size and nature of the responses were consistent with the transgenic lupins providing more methionine to the tissues, a ®rst-limiting amino acid for sheep.
A comparison of fatty acid profiles and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed canola seed and sunflower seed meal supplements protected from metabolism in …
Australian Journal of …, 1993
The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplem... more The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplements on the fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers was examined. Fifty Hereford cross steers, average weight of 290 kg, were assigned to five ...
Animal Feed Science and …, 1997
The effect of feeding dietary fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk was exam... more The effect of feeding dietary fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk was examined. Inclusion of canola and soybean (80/20; w/w) oilseed supplement protected from ruminal hydrogenation, significantly increased the proportion of C18:1 (oleic acid), C18:2 ( ...
Animal feed science and technology, 1997
In-vitro anaerobic incubations were used to assess the degree of metabolism or rumen inertness of... more In-vitro anaerobic incubations were used to assess the degree of metabolism or rumen inertness of different fat supplements containing either triacyglycerols and/or free fatty acids. The extent of triacylglycerol lipolysis and biohydrogenation of the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid ( ...
Animal Feed Science …, 2000
In vitro incubations were used to assess the hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isom... more In vitro incubations were used to assess the hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers 9-cis 11-trans and 10-trans 12-cis present in synthetically produced CLA-60. About 8090% of the unprotected CLA was hydrogenated when incubated at 38°C for 24 h ...
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs w... more To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs were fed indoors a concentrate ration supplemented (3% DM) with much lower levels than used previously of rumen-protected tuna oil for 42 days. A second group of lambs were fed diets supplemented with tallow (3% DM) to make the diets iso-caloric. There was no difference in final liveweight, average daily gain, hot carcass yield, or dry matter intake (DMI) between lambs fed with tallow and tuna oil-supplemented diets. Both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in muscle tissue samples from tuna oil-fed lambs were thrice those in tallow-fed lambs (1.81% v. 0.61% for EPA; 1.51 v. 0.44% total fatty acids for DHA). There were also significant incorporations of EPA and DHA into omental and perirenal fat. The level of linolenic acid in both muscle and adipose tissue of tuna oil fed lambs was double that of tallow-fed lambs. Feeding protected tuna oil significantly enh...
A comparison of fatty acid profiles and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed canola seed and sunflower seed meal supplements protected from metabolism in the rumen
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplem... more The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplements on the fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers was examined. Fifty Hereford cross steers, average weight of 290 kg, were assigned to five groups of 10 and fed the following barley based concentrate rations for 133 days: I, control (containing 15% untreated sunflower seed meal (SSM)); 11, PSM 15%; 111, PCS 10%; IV, PSM 15% plus PCS 10%; V, PSM 15% plus PCS 15%. The inclusion of PCS, with and without PSM, increased the proportion of Cis unsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous, perirenal and omental fats; there were threefold increases in the proportion of linoleic (18: 2) acid, fivefold increases in linolenic (18 : 3) acid and smaller increases in the proportion of oleic acid (18 : 1). There was a 20-25% reduction in the proportion of palmitic acid, and the largest decrease was observed in the adipose tissue of steers receiving 15% PCS in the diet. Joint f...
Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerop hospholi pids in ruminant
Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an increase in the proportion of 18:0-20:5(n-3) in the alkenyl CPG. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diacyl EPG), 18:0-20:4(n-6) represented about 30% of the molecular species and this was reduced to less than 20% by fish oil supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in ruminant muscle
The Journal of Lipid Research
Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an increase in the proportion of 18:0-20:5(n-3) in the alkenyl CPG. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diacyl EPG), 18:0-20:4(n-6) represented about 30% of the molecular species and this was reduced to less than 20% by fish oil supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The strong link between saturated fat intake and increasing rates of coronary heart disease have ... more The strong link between saturated fat intake and increasing rates of coronary heart disease have provided the impetus for the dairy industry to provide milk with an increased proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This can be achieved with the inclusion of protected lipid supplements in the diet of dairy cow. The protection from ruminal degradation is achieved by encapsulation of the lipid in a matrix of treated protein. In this study, feeding supplements of protected cottonseed (0, 1 and 2 kg/d) to lactating dairy cows significantly increased the amount of linoleic acid (C18:2) and stearic acid (C18:0) and decreased the proportion of oleic acid (C18:1 cis) in the milk. In addition, C18:2 increased and C18:1cis decreased proportionately in the plasma fatty acid profile, however C18:0 remained unchanged. There was no significant difference in the production parameters of milk yield, fat yield and protein yield between the treated and control groups. The transfer efficiency of C18:2 into milk was 45.2% and 36.5% for the 1 and 2 kg supplemented groups respectively. This high efficiency of transfer has resulted in the development of milk containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Enhancing milk quality and yield in the dairy cow and buffalo by feeding protected nutrient supplements
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Background - The major limitation to ruminant production in many regions of the Indian sub-contin... more Background - The major limitation to ruminant production in many regions of the Indian sub-continent and parts of Australia is poor nutrition. This results in a lack of availability of key nutrients, eg, essential amino acids and energy to sustain reasonable levels of milk production. To overcome these deficiencies by-pass fat and protein supplements have been developed from oilseeds/ meals and by-products. Objective - To assess the role of by-pass nutrients in a straw based feeding system in India. Design - Protected nutrient supplements of by-pass fat and by-pass protein were fed to cows and buffaloes; the milk composition was assessed and an economic evaluation was undertaken. Outcomes - Feeding protected fat supplements increased fat, protein and yield of milk significantly. The concentration of oleic (C18:1 cis), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased with a reduction in the saturated fatty acids eg, palmitic (C16:0); this response was similar to that observed w...
Kitessa, S.M., Gulati, S. ., Ashes, J.R. and Nichols, P.D. 1998. Incorporation of n-3 fatty acids from tuna oil into goat milk. American Oil Chemist Society-Australasian Section Conference, Canberra, October 8-11
Incorporation of n−3 fatty acids of fish oil into tissue and serum lipids of ruminants
Lipids, 1992
This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids... more This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids in ruminants. Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids were not biohydrogenated to any significant extent by rumen microorganisms, whereas C18 polyenoic fatty acids were extensively hydrogenated. The feeding of protected fish oil increased the proportion of 20:5 from 1% to 13-18% and 22:6 from 2% to 7-9% in serum lipids and there were reductions in the proportion of stearic (18:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids. The proportion of 20:5 in muscle phospholipids (PL) increased from 1.5% to 14.7% and 22:6 from 1.0% to 4.2%; these acids were not incorporated into muscle or adipose tissue triacylglycerols (TAG). In the total PL of muscle, the incorporated 20:5 and 22:6 substituted primarily for oleic (18:1) and/or linoleic (18:2) acid, and there was no consistent change in the porportion of arachidonic (20:4) acid.
Transfer Rates of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids into Cow's Milk in Pasture Based and Feed‐Lot Management Systems
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2022
Ruminal hydrogenation of cholesterol
Journal of Lipid Research, 1978
Cholesterol was hydrogenated by anaerobic incubation with sheep rumen fluid for periods up to 20 ... more Cholesterol was hydrogenated by anaerobic incubation with sheep rumen fluid for periods up to 20 hr. The principal product of cholesterol hydrogenation was identified as coprostanol. Cholesterol could be protected against in vitro ruminal hydrogenation by encapsulation in a matrix of formaldehyde-treated casein. Formaldehyde-treated casein-cholesterol preparations were also shown to be protected against hydrogenation in vivo and, when supplements containing 1 g per day of protected or unprotected cholesterol were fed to sheep over a period of 8-9 weeks, there were marked differences in the plasma cholesterol response. The plasma cholesterol of the sheep fed protected cholesterol increased by at least 60%. The plasma cholesterol of the sheep fed unprotected cholesterol also tended to increase during the first 5 weeks of supplementation but thereafter declined to almost control levels at 8 weeks.
International Dairy Journal, 2003
Effects of feeding two different types of rumen protected fish oil for 5 days (approximately 1.1 ... more Effects of feeding two different types of rumen protected fish oil for 5 days (approximately 1.1 kg of oil per day, containing docosahexaenoic (DHA, C 22:6 ) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C 20:5 ) in the ratios of 4.8:1 or 0.6:1; DHA:EPA) on the fatty acid composition of milk from Friesian cows in mid-lactation grazing pasture was examined. Feeding the DHA enriched supplement increased the proportion of DHA and EPA in milk to 2.19% and 1.25%, respectively. There was a major difference in the apparent transfer of DHA and EPA from the diet into milk (7.8% and 21.1%, respectively). In comparison, feeding the EPA enriched supplement the proportions of DHA and EPA increased to 0.69% and 1.36%, respectively. The apparent transfer of DHA and EPA from the protected lipid supplement was similar, being 6.8% and 8.1%, respectively. Both types of fish oil increased the proportion and yield of C 18:1 trans and C 18 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat. The C 18:1 trans was greater in milk fat from the high EPA supplement (13.7% and 17%, DHA and EPA enriched supplement, respectively) and likewise the proportion of c-9, t-11 CLA was greater (2.9% and 5.1%; DHA and EPA enriched supplement, respectively); this may be due to the lower ruminal protection of the high EPA supplement.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001
Five sheep with rumen and abomasal cannulae were offered three diets sequentially in the order: c... more Five sheep with rumen and abomasal cannulae were offered three diets sequentially in the order: control (C) pellets (lucerne hay-oat grain: 60/40, w/w), control plus unprotected tuna oil (UTO pellets), and control plus tuna oil protected (casein-formaldehyde matrix) against ruminal biohydrogenation (PTO pellets). In supplemented diets, tuna oil constituted 3% (w/w) of total dry matter (DM), and each supplement was fed for 12 days, with 9 days allowed between the two ®sh oil feeding periods to minimise carry-over effects. Daily DM intake was 785 AE 38 g/head during the control period. It was signi®cantly reduced by UTO feeding (6.2%, P`0X05) but not PTO feeding. The level of EPA in the abomasum during PTO feeding was double that measured during UTO feeding (1.30 versus 0.61% of FA, P`0X05). The level of DHA in the abomasum did not signi®cantly differ between UTO and PTO feeding periods. Both tuna oil supplements signi®cantly increased the levels of 18:1 trans and that of a fatty acid derivative identi®ed as 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) in both the rumen and abomsum. Tuna oil supplementation also altered the fatty acid composition of plasma lipid fractions and 10-HSA was solely incorporated into plasma free fatty acids. This study indicates that substantial protection of tuna oil against ruminal hydrogenation inhibited reduced feed intake, but increased the proportion of 18:1 trans isomer and fatty acids derivatives (10-HSA), which indicate interference with metabolism in the rumen.
Journal of Animal Science, 2000
Four Holstein steers (212 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 ×... more Four Holstein steers (212 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to study the influence of degree of ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) on the feeding value of supplemental fat. Treatments consisted of an 88% concentrate finishing diet supplemented with 1) 2% yellow grease (control); 2) 4% formaldehyde-protected fat (Rumentek), 2% yellow grease (LBH); 3) 2% Rumentek, 4% yellow grease (MBH); or 4) 6% yellow grease (HBH).
British Journal of Nutrition, 2003
Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content o... more Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content of beef is an important target in terms of improving the nutritional value of this food for the consumer. The present study examined the effects of feeding a ruminally protected lipid supplement (PLS) rich in PUFA on the fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis muscle and associated subcutaneous adipose tissue. Animals were fed ad libitum on grass silage plus one of three concentrate treatments in which the lipid source was either Megalac (rich in palmitic acid; 16:0) or PLS (soyabean, linseed and sunflower-seed oils resulting in an 18:2n−6🔞3n−3 value of 2·4:1). Treatment 1 contained 100g Megalac/kg (Mega, control); treatment 2 (PLS1) contained 54g Megalac/kg with 500g PLS/d fed separately; treatment 3 (PLS2) contained no Megalac and 1000g PLS/d fed separately. The PLS was considered as part of the overall concentrate allocation per d in maintaining an overall forage:concentrate ...
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000
The aim of this experiment was to assess, using sheep, the nutritive value of lupin seed transgen... more The aim of this experiment was to assess, using sheep, the nutritive value of lupin seed transgenically modi®ed to contain sun¯ower seed albumin. Eighty Merino wether sheep of mean live weight 32.3 kg were divided into two groups and fed 796 g dry matter (DM) day À1 of a cereal hay-based diet containing 350 g kg À1 of either the transgenic or parent (unmodi®ed) lupin seed for 6 weeks. Measurements were made of wool growth and live weight gain. After 6 weeks, half the sheep in each group were selected for a urine and faeces balance study in which organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N) and urinary purine metabolites were measured. Blood samples were taken from all sheep at the beginning and end of treatment and analysed for amino acids and plasma metabolites. A comprehensive chemical analysis of the grains showed that there was little difference between them in terms of most nutritional components, but the transgenic lupin seed contained a 2.3-fold higher methionine concentration and 1.3-fold higher cysteine than did the parent. There were no signi®cant differences between grains in OM digestibility, rumen microbial protein synthesis or in sacco degradability of dry matter. Sheep fed the transgenic lupin grain had an 8% higher rate of wool growth (P `0.01) and 7% higher live weight gain (P `0.05) than sheep fed the parent grain. The sulphur (S) concentration of wool and the cysteine concentration of plasma were also higher in the sheep fed the transgenic lupin by 2.7% and 11.5% respectively (P `0.05). Plasma methionine was increased by 10%, but the differences were not statistically signi®cant (P b 0.1). Plasma urea N was lower in the sheep fed the transgenic grain than those fed the parent grain (6.5 vs 6.8 mmol l À1 , P `0.05). The results show that genetic modi®cation of a feed grain can improve its nutritive value for ruminants. The size and nature of the responses were consistent with the transgenic lupins providing more methionine to the tissues, a ®rst-limiting amino acid for sheep.
A comparison of fatty acid profiles and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed canola seed and sunflower seed meal supplements protected from metabolism in …
Australian Journal of …, 1993
The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplem... more The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplements on the fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers was examined. Fifty Hereford cross steers, average weight of 290 kg, were assigned to five ...
Animal Feed Science and …, 1997
The effect of feeding dietary fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk was exam... more The effect of feeding dietary fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk was examined. Inclusion of canola and soybean (80/20; w/w) oilseed supplement protected from ruminal hydrogenation, significantly increased the proportion of C18:1 (oleic acid), C18:2 ( ...
Animal feed science and technology, 1997
In-vitro anaerobic incubations were used to assess the degree of metabolism or rumen inertness of... more In-vitro anaerobic incubations were used to assess the degree of metabolism or rumen inertness of different fat supplements containing either triacyglycerols and/or free fatty acids. The extent of triacylglycerol lipolysis and biohydrogenation of the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid ( ...
Animal Feed Science …, 2000
In vitro incubations were used to assess the hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isom... more In vitro incubations were used to assess the hydrogenation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers 9-cis 11-trans and 10-trans 12-cis present in synthetically produced CLA-60. About 8090% of the unprotected CLA was hydrogenated when incubated at 38°C for 24 h ...
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs w... more To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs were fed indoors a concentrate ration supplemented (3% DM) with much lower levels than used previously of rumen-protected tuna oil for 42 days. A second group of lambs were fed diets supplemented with tallow (3% DM) to make the diets iso-caloric. There was no difference in final liveweight, average daily gain, hot carcass yield, or dry matter intake (DMI) between lambs fed with tallow and tuna oil-supplemented diets. Both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in muscle tissue samples from tuna oil-fed lambs were thrice those in tallow-fed lambs (1.81% v. 0.61% for EPA; 1.51 v. 0.44% total fatty acids for DHA). There were also significant incorporations of EPA and DHA into omental and perirenal fat. The level of linolenic acid in both muscle and adipose tissue of tuna oil fed lambs was double that of tallow-fed lambs. Feeding protected tuna oil significantly enh...
A comparison of fatty acid profiles and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed canola seed and sunflower seed meal supplements protected from metabolism in the rumen
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplem... more The effect of feeding protected canola seed (PCS) and protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) supplements on the fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers was examined. Fifty Hereford cross steers, average weight of 290 kg, were assigned to five groups of 10 and fed the following barley based concentrate rations for 133 days: I, control (containing 15% untreated sunflower seed meal (SSM)); 11, PSM 15%; 111, PCS 10%; IV, PSM 15% plus PCS 10%; V, PSM 15% plus PCS 15%. The inclusion of PCS, with and without PSM, increased the proportion of Cis unsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous, perirenal and omental fats; there were threefold increases in the proportion of linoleic (18: 2) acid, fivefold increases in linolenic (18 : 3) acid and smaller increases in the proportion of oleic acid (18 : 1). There was a 20-25% reduction in the proportion of palmitic acid, and the largest decrease was observed in the adipose tissue of steers receiving 15% PCS in the diet. Joint f...
Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerop hospholi pids in ruminant
Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an increase in the proportion of 18:0-20:5(n-3) in the alkenyl CPG. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diacyl EPG), 18:0-20:4(n-6) represented about 30% of the molecular species and this was reduced to less than 20% by fish oil supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of fish oil supplementation on the composition of molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in ruminant muscle
The Journal of Lipid Research
Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle co... more Choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of ruminant skeletal muscle contain approximately 40% and 65% plasmalogen, respectively. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) and 16:0-18:1(n-9) accounted for about 50% of the total molecular species; in the 2-acyl-1(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkenyl CPG), 16:0-18:2(n-6) was the predominant species. Fish oil supplementation resulted in a sixfold increase in the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) and a two- to threefold increase in the proportion of 18:1-20:5(n-3) and 16:0-22:6(n-3) in the diacyl CPG, and there was a 40% decrease in the proportion of 16:0-18:1(n-9). In the alkenyl CPG, fish oil supplementation increased the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids from 34% to 64%; in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of 16:0-20:5(n-3) was greater than any other molecular species. In contrast to the diacyl CPG, there was also an increase in the proportion of 18:0-20:5(n-3) in the alkenyl CPG. In the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diacyl EPG), 18:0-20:4(n-6) represented about 30% of the molecular species and this was reduced to less than 20% by fish oil supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The strong link between saturated fat intake and increasing rates of coronary heart disease have ... more The strong link between saturated fat intake and increasing rates of coronary heart disease have provided the impetus for the dairy industry to provide milk with an increased proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This can be achieved with the inclusion of protected lipid supplements in the diet of dairy cow. The protection from ruminal degradation is achieved by encapsulation of the lipid in a matrix of treated protein. In this study, feeding supplements of protected cottonseed (0, 1 and 2 kg/d) to lactating dairy cows significantly increased the amount of linoleic acid (C18:2) and stearic acid (C18:0) and decreased the proportion of oleic acid (C18:1 cis) in the milk. In addition, C18:2 increased and C18:1cis decreased proportionately in the plasma fatty acid profile, however C18:0 remained unchanged. There was no significant difference in the production parameters of milk yield, fat yield and protein yield between the treated and control groups. The transfer efficiency of C18:2 into milk was 45.2% and 36.5% for the 1 and 2 kg supplemented groups respectively. This high efficiency of transfer has resulted in the development of milk containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Enhancing milk quality and yield in the dairy cow and buffalo by feeding protected nutrient supplements
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Background - The major limitation to ruminant production in many regions of the Indian sub-contin... more Background - The major limitation to ruminant production in many regions of the Indian sub-continent and parts of Australia is poor nutrition. This results in a lack of availability of key nutrients, eg, essential amino acids and energy to sustain reasonable levels of milk production. To overcome these deficiencies by-pass fat and protein supplements have been developed from oilseeds/ meals and by-products. Objective - To assess the role of by-pass nutrients in a straw based feeding system in India. Design - Protected nutrient supplements of by-pass fat and by-pass protein were fed to cows and buffaloes; the milk composition was assessed and an economic evaluation was undertaken. Outcomes - Feeding protected fat supplements increased fat, protein and yield of milk significantly. The concentration of oleic (C18:1 cis), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased with a reduction in the saturated fatty acids eg, palmitic (C16:0); this response was similar to that observed w...
Kitessa, S.M., Gulati, S. ., Ashes, J.R. and Nichols, P.D. 1998. Incorporation of n-3 fatty acids from tuna oil into goat milk. American Oil Chemist Society-Australasian Section Conference, Canberra, October 8-11