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Papers by Ahmad Aref Assaf
Journal of economics and sustainable development, 2017
This paper explores how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks and other determinants impa... more This paper explores how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks and other determinants impact income inequality in Jordan. We apply the partial correlation which is suitable for small samples. The data for the study cover the years from 1986 to 2013. The result shows that three is no significant relationship between FDI and Income Inequality in Jordan during the period (1986 – 2013). In order to control factors of income inequality other than FDI, we include some control variables, GDP per capita, inflation, government expenditure, and services sector.The results of all these variables indicate that no significant relationship with Income Inequality in Jordan during the period (1986 – 2013). Key w ords: Income inequality, FDI, Jordan.
European Journal of Business and Management, 2016
The relationship between economic growth and income distribution equity resulting from this growt... more The relationship between economic growth and income distribution equity resulting from this growth is differing. , while some believe that the inequality in income distribution contributes primarily to the achievement an increase in economic growth, others argue that the inequality in income distribution leads to reduce economic growth. This study aims to identify the relationship between economic growth and equity in the distribution of income in Jordan. The study uses deductive approach through the development of the assumptions and premises relating to both economic growth represented by GDP as dependent variable, and income inequality represented by the Gini coefficient, in addition to another set of variables that affect the economic growth and related to inequality of income distribution such as: final consumption, capital accumulation, total revenues of the state, number of the population in the state, public spending of the state, as independent variables. The results of the...
Global Journal of Economic and Business
The level of employment is an important determinant of economic welfare. Since social protection ... more The level of employment is an important determinant of economic welfare. Since social protection systems are weak in developing countries, the effect of trade liberalization on the employment structure determines the level of poverty and the distribution of income and wages. These variables are strongly associated with trade liberalization. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the relationship between openness to international trade (resulting from trade liberalization) and changing employment opportunities for women in the 16 Middle East economies. In this study, we consider the trade share as (%) of GDP as a measure of openness. To measure women's absolute employment rate we used female employment rate data. To analyse the effect of trade openness on the gender gap we used gender inequality in education (gender parity index (GPI)); namely the ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary enrolment. Female labor force as a percentage of the total shows the extent to which women are active in the labor force. A simple linear regression used to measure the impact of openness on women's employment opportunities in Middle east countries. All data are from World Development Indicators based on International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. Results indicated a statistically significant impact for the trade openness on women's absolute employment rate for all countries being involved except (Egypt, Israeli entity, Jordan, and West Bank and Gaza). The results also shows statistically significant impact for the Trade openness on the Female employee ((% of Total Labor Force) for all the countries being involved except(
European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences
This research emphasizes attitudinal difference of Jordanian customers about Islamic banking serv... more This research emphasizes attitudinal difference of Jordanian customers about Islamic banking services. The banking service providers can gain excellent benefit from Islamic banking practices upon identification of these differences. A structured questionnaire was constructed to collect the necessary data to answer the research questions as being framed on related affective factors of attitudinal differences of consumers' in Jordan. In this research we have employed independent sample 't' test and analysis of variance (F-test) to test the hypotheses. Results showed that Jordanian consumers have positive attitude toward Islamic banking. Results of 't' test showed significant attitudinal differences between males and females. In addition, the results of F-test showed significant attitudinal difference existed between Zarqa, Irbid, Jarash, Tafiela, and Aqaba, while the overall attitudes of all governorates were positive toward Islamic banking. One potential limitation of this study was the size and composition of the group which participated in the study. Therefore, a generalization about the entire population of Jordanian banking customers of banking sector is inappropriate. In addition, this research could not incorporate all levels of diverse attributes of Islamic banking that might influence customers' behavior. The results of this study can facilitate the Islamic banking service providers to introduce new, innovative service offerings based on attitudinal differences and of course, in accordance with Islamic rules and regulation.
South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences (SAJEMS)
European Journal of Social Sciences
This study investigates the relationship between some macroeconomic variables (export, inflation,... more This study investigates the relationship between some macroeconomic variables (export, inflation, foreign direct investment) and economic growth of Jordan. The researcher conducts this study by using multiple linear regression method. In general, the results revealed that exports and inflation has a positive impact on growth. While there is no statistically significant impact of foreign direct investment in economic growth represented by (GDP). The results also shows that increasing the value of exports by one million dollars will lead to an increase in gross domestic product by (0.898) million dollars, and a decrease of inflation rate by (1%) will lead to an increase in gross domestic product by (0.215) million dollars. The results also indicate that the independent economic indicators included in the model explain a rate (97%) of the changes in the economic growth of gross domestic product. The remaining amount (3%), is attributable to other economic indicators were not included in multiple linear regression model.
Journal of economics and sustainable development, 2017
This paper explores how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks and other determinants impa... more This paper explores how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks and other determinants impact income inequality in Jordan. We apply the partial correlation which is suitable for small samples. The data for the study cover the years from 1986 to 2013. The result shows that three is no significant relationship between FDI and Income Inequality in Jordan during the period (1986 – 2013). In order to control factors of income inequality other than FDI, we include some control variables, GDP per capita, inflation, government expenditure, and services sector.The results of all these variables indicate that no significant relationship with Income Inequality in Jordan during the period (1986 – 2013). Key w ords: Income inequality, FDI, Jordan.
European Journal of Business and Management, 2016
The relationship between economic growth and income distribution equity resulting from this growt... more The relationship between economic growth and income distribution equity resulting from this growth is differing. , while some believe that the inequality in income distribution contributes primarily to the achievement an increase in economic growth, others argue that the inequality in income distribution leads to reduce economic growth. This study aims to identify the relationship between economic growth and equity in the distribution of income in Jordan. The study uses deductive approach through the development of the assumptions and premises relating to both economic growth represented by GDP as dependent variable, and income inequality represented by the Gini coefficient, in addition to another set of variables that affect the economic growth and related to inequality of income distribution such as: final consumption, capital accumulation, total revenues of the state, number of the population in the state, public spending of the state, as independent variables. The results of the...
Global Journal of Economic and Business
The level of employment is an important determinant of economic welfare. Since social protection ... more The level of employment is an important determinant of economic welfare. Since social protection systems are weak in developing countries, the effect of trade liberalization on the employment structure determines the level of poverty and the distribution of income and wages. These variables are strongly associated with trade liberalization. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the relationship between openness to international trade (resulting from trade liberalization) and changing employment opportunities for women in the 16 Middle East economies. In this study, we consider the trade share as (%) of GDP as a measure of openness. To measure women's absolute employment rate we used female employment rate data. To analyse the effect of trade openness on the gender gap we used gender inequality in education (gender parity index (GPI)); namely the ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary enrolment. Female labor force as a percentage of the total shows the extent to which women are active in the labor force. A simple linear regression used to measure the impact of openness on women's employment opportunities in Middle east countries. All data are from World Development Indicators based on International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. Results indicated a statistically significant impact for the trade openness on women's absolute employment rate for all countries being involved except (Egypt, Israeli entity, Jordan, and West Bank and Gaza). The results also shows statistically significant impact for the Trade openness on the Female employee ((% of Total Labor Force) for all the countries being involved except(
European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences
This research emphasizes attitudinal difference of Jordanian customers about Islamic banking serv... more This research emphasizes attitudinal difference of Jordanian customers about Islamic banking services. The banking service providers can gain excellent benefit from Islamic banking practices upon identification of these differences. A structured questionnaire was constructed to collect the necessary data to answer the research questions as being framed on related affective factors of attitudinal differences of consumers' in Jordan. In this research we have employed independent sample 't' test and analysis of variance (F-test) to test the hypotheses. Results showed that Jordanian consumers have positive attitude toward Islamic banking. Results of 't' test showed significant attitudinal differences between males and females. In addition, the results of F-test showed significant attitudinal difference existed between Zarqa, Irbid, Jarash, Tafiela, and Aqaba, while the overall attitudes of all governorates were positive toward Islamic banking. One potential limitation of this study was the size and composition of the group which participated in the study. Therefore, a generalization about the entire population of Jordanian banking customers of banking sector is inappropriate. In addition, this research could not incorporate all levels of diverse attributes of Islamic banking that might influence customers' behavior. The results of this study can facilitate the Islamic banking service providers to introduce new, innovative service offerings based on attitudinal differences and of course, in accordance with Islamic rules and regulation.
South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences (SAJEMS)
European Journal of Social Sciences
This study investigates the relationship between some macroeconomic variables (export, inflation,... more This study investigates the relationship between some macroeconomic variables (export, inflation, foreign direct investment) and economic growth of Jordan. The researcher conducts this study by using multiple linear regression method. In general, the results revealed that exports and inflation has a positive impact on growth. While there is no statistically significant impact of foreign direct investment in economic growth represented by (GDP). The results also shows that increasing the value of exports by one million dollars will lead to an increase in gross domestic product by (0.898) million dollars, and a decrease of inflation rate by (1%) will lead to an increase in gross domestic product by (0.215) million dollars. The results also indicate that the independent economic indicators included in the model explain a rate (97%) of the changes in the economic growth of gross domestic product. The remaining amount (3%), is attributable to other economic indicators were not included in multiple linear regression model.