Danya Hashem | Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)

Papers by Danya Hashem

Biomimetics

The objectives of this study were to investigate the pH of common beverages and to evaluate the e... more The objectives of this study were to investigate the pH of common beverages and to evaluate the effects of common acidic beverages on the surface hardness and weight loss of human tooth specimens. A total of 106 beverages were conveniently purchased from supermarkets in Karachi, Pakistan. Prior to evaluation, beverages were refrigerated or stored at room temperature in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations. Beverages were categorized into six groups: ‘Sports and Energy drinks’, ‘Water’, ‘Fruit Juices and Drinks’, ‘Sodas’, ‘Milk and Flavored Milk’ and ‘Teas and Coffee’. Using a pH meter, the pH of each beverage was measured in triplicate at room temperature. In addition, the influence of five highly acidic beverages on the weight loss and surface hardness of human tooth specimens was evaluated using gravimetric analysis and the Vickers hardness tester, respectively. ‘Sports and Energy drinks’, ‘Fruits Juices and Drinks’ and ‘Sodas’ were the most acidic beverage categorie...

Advances in Medical Education and Practice

Currently, the dental education system in Saudi Arabia is gender segregated. It is important to f... more Currently, the dental education system in Saudi Arabia is gender segregated. It is important to find out whether teaching methods must be altered to improve the learning experience for both genders throughout their years of study. This study aims to investigate the preferred learning styles for males and females studying dentistry at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia and the effect of academic level on the learning style preference. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey composed of the visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire was distributed to 228 undergraduate dental students at Taibah University through emails during September/October 2020. Student learning styles were presented using descriptive statistics. Learning preferences between genders and academic years were compared using independent proportional t-test and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 168 dental students completed the questionnaire. Both genders displayed a higher percentage of a unimodal learning preference (60% males, 50% females) with 41% of males preferring the kinesthetic learning style, followed by the aural (26%) then the visual (20%), and lastly read/write learning style (12.6%). Female students preferred the kinesthetic learning style (42%), followed by the visual (27%) then the aural (20%), and lastly read/write learning style (11%). All students throughout the 6 academic years preferred the unimodal learning approach with the kinesthetic style favored. The quadmodal was preferred mostly by interns. Conclusion: Both male and female students studying dentistry at Taibah University had a unimodal learning preference. Quadmodal learning was popular among interns. Both genders preferred the kinesthetic learning style, followed by the aural for males and visual for females. Teaching methods must be tailored to suit the learning style of each gender to promote motivation and thriving for a successful outcome.

Advances in Medical Education and Practice

Currently, the dental education system in Saudi Arabia is gender segregated. It is important to f... more Currently, the dental education system in Saudi Arabia is gender segregated. It is important to find out whether teaching methods must be altered to improve the learning experience for both genders throughout their years of study. This study aims to investigate the preferred learning styles for males and females studying dentistry at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia and the effect of academic level on the learning style preference. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey composed of the visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire was distributed to 228 undergraduate dental students at Taibah University through emails during September/October 2020. Student learning styles were presented using descriptive statistics. Learning preferences between genders and academic years were compared using independent proportional t-test and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 168 dental students completed the questionnaire. Both genders displayed a higher percentage of a unimodal learning preference (60% males, 50% females) with 41% of males preferring the kinesthetic learning style, followed by the aural (26%) then the visual (20%), and lastly read/write learning style (12.6%). Female students preferred the kinesthetic learning style (42%), followed by the visual (27%) then the aural (20%), and lastly read/write learning style (11%). All students throughout the 6 academic years preferred the unimodal learning approach with the kinesthetic style favored. The quadmodal was preferred mostly by interns. Conclusion: Both male and female students studying dentistry at Taibah University had a unimodal learning preference. Quadmodal learning was popular among interns. Both genders preferred the kinesthetic learning style, followed by the aural for males and visual for females. Teaching methods must be tailored to suit the learning style of each gender to promote motivation and thriving for a successful outcome.

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2022

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many ... more Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated ...

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2022

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many ... more Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated ...

Journal of Fungi, 2021

It has been nearly two years since the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19... more It has been nearly two years since the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected the world. Several innovations and discoveries related to COVID-19 are surfacing every day and new problems associated with the COVID-19 virus are also coming to light. A similar situation is with the emergence of deep invasive fungal infections associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent literature reported the cases of pulmonary and rhino-cerebral fungal infections appearing in patients previously infected by COVID-19. Histopathological analysis of these cases has shown that most of such infections are diagnosed as mucormycosis or aspergillosis. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis usually affects the maxillary sinus with involvement of maxillary teeth, orbits, and ethmoidal sinuses. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for both COVID-19 as well as mucormycosis. At this point, there is scanty data on the subject and most of the publ...

Clinics and Practice, 2021

One of the current trends in dental education is to empower dental students on a global platform ... more One of the current trends in dental education is to empower dental students on a global platform using advanced technology. Haptic virtual reality simulation (HVRS) is a relatively new technology in the field of teaching and learning operative dentistry. This study aims to assess the impact of haptic virtual reality simulation (HVRS) on dental students’ psychomotor skills acquisition in preclinical operative dentistry. Class I cavity preparations (CP) were performed at baseline by 21 novice dental students on plastic teeth. Duration of CP was recorded and cavity features were evaluated and scored. Then, students were exposed to HVRS training on CP. Another Class I CP was performed by each student on plastic teeth after HVRS training, then evaluated, and the duration was recorded. There was a statistically significant decrease in CP performance time after HVRS training (p < 0.001) and an increase in the mean total marks of CP after HVRS training (p < 0.001). The change in the s...

Objectives: This research aims to investigate clinically and radiographically the dentine-pulp re... more Objectives: This research aims to investigate clinically and radiographically the dentine-pulp response to a calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) compared to a glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX™ GIC) control material following indirect pulp capping in patients with signs of reversible pulpitis and to assess the integrity of the overlying resin composite restoration (N'Durance®) using USPHS and FDI criteria. This research also aims to evaluate the interface between Biodentine™ and the resin composite restoration using micro-shear mechanical testing and to investigate the possibility of reducing the radiation dose of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) while maintaining an optimised image. Materials and methods: The randomised controlled clinical trial involved recruiting patients with signs of reversible pulpitis from Kings College Dental Institute at Guys Hospital. A CBCT and periapical radiograph (PA) were taken at baseline followed by minimally invasive (MI) treatment of the carious lesion. The definitive veneering composite restoration was placed one month later. The patients were followed up longitudinally at 6 and 12 months. Another CBCT and PA radiograph were taken at 12 months. The in-vitro study involves micro-shear testing of the bond strengths of resin composite to Biodentine™ vs. glass ionomer cement vs. resin modified glass ionomer cement using an adhesive in self-etch (SE) / total etch (TE) mode after aging the 3 substrates and the bond. Failure modes were characterised and SEM images were analysed. Reducing the CBCT radiation dose was attempted by comparing CBCT scans taken at 360° vs.180° rotation while maintaining accurate linear measurements. Accuracy of measurement was judged against the corresponding measurements taken from the porcine jaw specimens used as a reference standard. Results: 72 restorations (36 Biodentine™, 36 Fuji IX™) were placed randomly in 53 patients. Clinical success rates for Biodentine™ and Fuji IX™ GIC when used as indirect pulp capping agents were equal (83.3%). CBCT was significantly more effective in detecting periapical radiolucencies compared to

Clinical Case Reports, 2021

The following case report demonstrates how a multidisciplinary team approach can be utilized succ... more The following case report demonstrates how a multidisciplinary team approach can be utilized successfully for the minimally invasive esthetic treatment of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors through space closure and canine re‐anatomization.

Journal of International Oral Health, 2021

Aim: This large-scale study explores oral hygiene practices (OHPs) of primary school children in ... more Aim: This large-scale study explores oral hygiene practices (OHPs) of primary school children in the region of Madinah as reported by their parents and evaluates different contributing factors on OHPs. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which questionnaires were distributed through the Ministry of Education’s online education platform Madrasati to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah. Various sociodemographic factors related to OHPs were calculated. Factors related to good OHP were given one mark with the maximum score of 8 marks. The multivariate analysis of variance (Manova) test was used to explore the effect of socio-economic status on scores of OHP and age of onset of tooth brushing. Results: There were a total of 2690 respondents, mostly, mothers (72.2%), Saudi nationals (84.4%), parents of children enrolled in public schools (92.8%), and those living in Al Madinah city (89.9%). OHP scores ranged between 0 and 8 with an average of ...

Objective: To measure in-vitro micro-shear bond strengths (µSBS) of resin composite (N’Durance®) ... more Objective: To measure in-vitro micro-shear bond strengths (µSBS) of resin composite (N’Durance®) to a tri-calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (GIC - Fuji IX™) and resin modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC, Fuji II LC™) using an adhesive (Scotchbond™ Universal) in self-etch mode (SE) and total etch (TE) mode while aging the 3 substrates and bond at time intervals and characterising the failure modes. Method: Resin composite was SE / TE bonded to 920 discs of Biodentine™, GIC & RMGIC. Dividing samples into 2 groups, the first group underwent early substrate aging (t=0 min, 5 min, 20 min, 24 hrs) or delayed (t=2 wks, 1month, 3 months, 6 months) before bonding and the bond strength (t=24 hrs) tested. In the second, the bonding agent was applied after either early (t=5 min) or delayed (t=2 wks) substrate aging, and then the bond tested after aging for time intervals (t=2 wks, 1month, 3 months, 6 months). The failure modes were identified using SEM. Result: Si...

Objectives: Assessing the efficacy of calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cem... more Objectives: Assessing the efficacy of calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (GIC, control) as indirect pulp-capping materials in patients suffering reversible pulpitis; comparing effectiveness of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) vs. radiographs in detecting / monitoring peri-radicular lesion change, T0 and T12 months post-operatively. Methods: 66 restorations (33 Biodentine™, 33 Fuji IX™) were allocated randomly to 53 patients. CBCT / periapical (PA) radiographs were taken at T0 and 12 months. 2 calibrated examiners assessed presence / absence and increase / decrease in size of existing PA radiolucencies under standardised conditions. Kappa coefficient evaluated statistically the effectiveness of CBCT vs. radiographs in detecting PA changes. Chi-square / Mann Whitney tests evaluated associations between PA changes in CBCT with various measures (age, vitality, symptom severity, cavity size, material, p=0.05). Results: Success rates for both Biodentine™ an...

Journal of dental research, 2015

The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of calcium silicate cement (Biodentine) v... more The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of calcium silicate cement (Biodentine) versus glass ionomer cement (GIC; control group) as indirect pulp capping materials in patients with reversible pulpitis and to compare the effectiveness of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) versus periapical (PA) radiographs in detecting PA changes at baseline (T0) and at 12 mo (T12) postoperatively. Seventy-two restorations (36 Biodentine, 36 Fuji IX) were placed randomly in 53 patients. CBCT/PA radiographs were taken at T0 and T12. Two calibrated examiners assessed the presence/absence and increase/decrease in the size of existing PA radiolucencies under standardized conditions. The Kappa coefficient evaluated statistically the effectiveness of CBCT versus PA radiographs in detecting PA changes. Chi-square/Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the association between PA changes in CBCT with various clinical measures. Significance was predetermined at α = 0.05. Clinical success ra...

Journal of Endodontics, 2013

This study aimed to investigate in an ex vivo model the reduction in patient radiation dose while... more This study aimed to investigate in an ex vivo model the reduction in patient radiation dose while maintaining accurate linear measurements by comparing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken at 360° versus 180° rotation, with porcine jaw specimens as a reference standard. CBCT scans of 12 sectioned porcine hemimandibles at 360° and 180° rotations were taken with standardized clinical exposure parameters. To assess interobserver variability, 6 assessors who were blinded to the degree of rotation took linear measurements of anatomic structures on each scan. The measurements were repeated after 2 weeks to assess intraobserver variability. Accuracy of measurement was judged against the corresponding measurements taken from the porcine jaw specimens. Intraclass correlations signaled good-to-excellent intraobserver and interobserver agreement (0.65-0.98 and 0.79-0.98), respectively. Mixed regression analysis found no significant difference between the measurements from 180° or 360° rotations and no difference between the 2 rotations and porcine jaw specimens. A CBCT image sufficient to make accurate clinical measurements with a reduced radiation exposure may be obtained by using 180° rotation of the CBCT tube head.

Dental Materials, 2014

Objectives. To compare in-vitro micro-shear bond strengths (SBS) of resin composite to calcium si... more Objectives. To compare in-vitro micro-shear bond strengths (SBS) of resin composite to calcium silicate cement (Biodentine TM) vs. glass ionomer cement vs. resin modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) using an adhesive in self-etch (SE)/total etch (TE) mode after aging three substrates and bond and characterizing their failure modes. Methods. Resin composite was SE/TE bonded to 920 standardized disks of Biodentine TM , GIC & RM-GIC. Dividing samples into two groups, the first underwent early (t = 0 min, 5 min, 20 min, 24 h) or delayed (t = 2 wk, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months) substrate aging before bonding and SBS (t = 24 h) testing. In the second, adhesive was applied after either early (t = 5 min) or delayed (t = 2 wk) substrate aging and then tested after bond aging (t = 2 wk, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months). The failure modes were identified using stereomicroscope. SEM images of selected samples were analyzed. Results. No significant differences were observed between (SE)/(TE) bonding modes (P = 0.42). With substrate aging, a significant reduction in SBS occurred between early and delayed time intervals for Biodentine TM (P = 0.001), but none for the GIC/RM-GIC (P = 0.465, P = 0.512 respectively). With bond aging, there was no significant difference between time intervals for all groups, except at 6 months for the GIC (P < 0.05). Modes of failure were primarily cohesive within all the substrates (68.82%) followed by adhesive failure at the resin-substrate interface (21.71%). Significance. Biodentine TM is a weak restorative material in its early setting phase. Placing the overlying resin composite as part of the laminate/layered definitive restoration is best delayed for >2 wk to allow sufficient intrinsic maturation to withstand contraction forces from the resin composite. A total-etch or self-etch adhesive may be used.

The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2020

AIM AND OBJECTIVE To assess microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two types of luting cement to mo... more AIM AND OBJECTIVE To assess microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two types of luting cement to monolithic zirconia and dentin following various surface modifications and aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monolithic zirconia blocks were divided into four main groups. Group N: no surface modification; Group SB: sandblasted using 50 μm Al2O3 particles. Group GH: glazed with a thin film of low-fusing porcelain glaze and etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds. Group CJ: sandblasted with CoJet sand. Surface-treated ceramic blocks were bonded to dentin using either self-adhesive cement or resin-modified glass ionomer cement and submitted to 3 or 150 days of water storage protocol with aging. The specimens were subjected to tensile force until de-bonding. Surface roughness (Ra, μm) was assessed after surface treatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests followed by Tukey's tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). RESULTS Surface modification using selective infiltration etch...

Clinical Oral Investigations

Objectives Assess calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX™, contr... more Objectives Assess calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX™, control) as indirect pulp capping (IPC) materials in patients with reversible pulpitis after a 2-year follow-up. Evaluate the integrity of the overlying resin composite restorations using modified USPHS criteria and FDI criteria. Investigate the sensitivity of the modified USPHS criteria compared to the FDI criteria in the assessment of the restorations. Materials and methods Seventy-two restorations (36 Biodentine™, 36 Fuji IX™) were placed randomly in 53 patients. Periapical radiographs were taken at pre-treatment (T0), 12-month (T12), and 24-month (T24) review. Restorations were assessed using the modified USPHS and FDI criteria at T12 and T24. Results At 24 months, 15 teeth had failed to maintain vitality (6 Biodentine™, 9 Fuji IX™). Clinical success rate of IPC for both materials was 72% and is related to the intensity of reversible pulpitis symptoms. No difference was found between T12 and T24 in the periapical (PA) radiographs and in the integrity of the resin composite restorations overlying Biodentine™ compared to Fuji IX™. There was no difference in the efficacy of the USPHS criteria compared to the FDI criteria in the assessment of the resin composite restorations. Conclusions Biodentine™ and Fuji IX™ were clinically effective when used as IPC materials in teeth with reversible pulpitis at T24. Resin composite restorations overlying both materials performed well at T24. Using the USPHS or FDI criteria is equally efficient at T24; however, longer term follow-up is needed to establish whether there are sensitivity differences between these assessment criteria. Clinical significance Teeth with deep carious lesions approaching the pulp and with signs of reversible pulpitis can be treated successfully by indirect pulp capping using either Biodentine™ or Fuji IX™. Using the USPHS or FDI criteria to assess restorations is equally effective at 2 years. Trial registration NCT02201641 Keywords Indirect pulp capping. Reversible pulpitis. Periapical radiographs. Calcium silicate cements. Glass ionomer cements. USPHS. FDI criteria. MI dentistry. Carisolv gel. Selective caries removal

The European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Sep 1, 2011

Cast posts can sometimes prove difficult to seat fully during fitting. This study compared two di... more Cast posts can sometimes prove difficult to seat fully during fitting. This study compared two different liquid/water dilutions for phosphate bonded investment and the effect of controlled airborne particle abrasion on resulting post diameter. After measuring polymeric post patterns (n = 18), 3 groups were invested using concentrated solution and 3 groups using dilute solution. After casting they were weighed and remeasured then exposed to airborne particle abrasion. Both solutions produced oversized cast posts. Mean diameter reduction during airborne particle abrasion was 8 microm/10s taking an average of 41s to reach precast size. Where a post pattern fits tightly, airborne particle abrasion for 70s should reduce the casting sufficiently to accommodate the cement lute.

Biomimetics

The objectives of this study were to investigate the pH of common beverages and to evaluate the e... more The objectives of this study were to investigate the pH of common beverages and to evaluate the effects of common acidic beverages on the surface hardness and weight loss of human tooth specimens. A total of 106 beverages were conveniently purchased from supermarkets in Karachi, Pakistan. Prior to evaluation, beverages were refrigerated or stored at room temperature in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations. Beverages were categorized into six groups: ‘Sports and Energy drinks’, ‘Water’, ‘Fruit Juices and Drinks’, ‘Sodas’, ‘Milk and Flavored Milk’ and ‘Teas and Coffee’. Using a pH meter, the pH of each beverage was measured in triplicate at room temperature. In addition, the influence of five highly acidic beverages on the weight loss and surface hardness of human tooth specimens was evaluated using gravimetric analysis and the Vickers hardness tester, respectively. ‘Sports and Energy drinks’, ‘Fruits Juices and Drinks’ and ‘Sodas’ were the most acidic beverage categorie...

Advances in Medical Education and Practice

Currently, the dental education system in Saudi Arabia is gender segregated. It is important to f... more Currently, the dental education system in Saudi Arabia is gender segregated. It is important to find out whether teaching methods must be altered to improve the learning experience for both genders throughout their years of study. This study aims to investigate the preferred learning styles for males and females studying dentistry at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia and the effect of academic level on the learning style preference. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey composed of the visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire was distributed to 228 undergraduate dental students at Taibah University through emails during September/October 2020. Student learning styles were presented using descriptive statistics. Learning preferences between genders and academic years were compared using independent proportional t-test and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 168 dental students completed the questionnaire. Both genders displayed a higher percentage of a unimodal learning preference (60% males, 50% females) with 41% of males preferring the kinesthetic learning style, followed by the aural (26%) then the visual (20%), and lastly read/write learning style (12.6%). Female students preferred the kinesthetic learning style (42%), followed by the visual (27%) then the aural (20%), and lastly read/write learning style (11%). All students throughout the 6 academic years preferred the unimodal learning approach with the kinesthetic style favored. The quadmodal was preferred mostly by interns. Conclusion: Both male and female students studying dentistry at Taibah University had a unimodal learning preference. Quadmodal learning was popular among interns. Both genders preferred the kinesthetic learning style, followed by the aural for males and visual for females. Teaching methods must be tailored to suit the learning style of each gender to promote motivation and thriving for a successful outcome.

Advances in Medical Education and Practice

Currently, the dental education system in Saudi Arabia is gender segregated. It is important to f... more Currently, the dental education system in Saudi Arabia is gender segregated. It is important to find out whether teaching methods must be altered to improve the learning experience for both genders throughout their years of study. This study aims to investigate the preferred learning styles for males and females studying dentistry at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia and the effect of academic level on the learning style preference. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey composed of the visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire was distributed to 228 undergraduate dental students at Taibah University through emails during September/October 2020. Student learning styles were presented using descriptive statistics. Learning preferences between genders and academic years were compared using independent proportional t-test and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 168 dental students completed the questionnaire. Both genders displayed a higher percentage of a unimodal learning preference (60% males, 50% females) with 41% of males preferring the kinesthetic learning style, followed by the aural (26%) then the visual (20%), and lastly read/write learning style (12.6%). Female students preferred the kinesthetic learning style (42%), followed by the visual (27%) then the aural (20%), and lastly read/write learning style (11%). All students throughout the 6 academic years preferred the unimodal learning approach with the kinesthetic style favored. The quadmodal was preferred mostly by interns. Conclusion: Both male and female students studying dentistry at Taibah University had a unimodal learning preference. Quadmodal learning was popular among interns. Both genders preferred the kinesthetic learning style, followed by the aural for males and visual for females. Teaching methods must be tailored to suit the learning style of each gender to promote motivation and thriving for a successful outcome.

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2022

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many ... more Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated ...

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2022

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many ... more Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated ...

Journal of Fungi, 2021

It has been nearly two years since the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19... more It has been nearly two years since the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected the world. Several innovations and discoveries related to COVID-19 are surfacing every day and new problems associated with the COVID-19 virus are also coming to light. A similar situation is with the emergence of deep invasive fungal infections associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent literature reported the cases of pulmonary and rhino-cerebral fungal infections appearing in patients previously infected by COVID-19. Histopathological analysis of these cases has shown that most of such infections are diagnosed as mucormycosis or aspergillosis. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis usually affects the maxillary sinus with involvement of maxillary teeth, orbits, and ethmoidal sinuses. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for both COVID-19 as well as mucormycosis. At this point, there is scanty data on the subject and most of the publ...

Clinics and Practice, 2021

One of the current trends in dental education is to empower dental students on a global platform ... more One of the current trends in dental education is to empower dental students on a global platform using advanced technology. Haptic virtual reality simulation (HVRS) is a relatively new technology in the field of teaching and learning operative dentistry. This study aims to assess the impact of haptic virtual reality simulation (HVRS) on dental students’ psychomotor skills acquisition in preclinical operative dentistry. Class I cavity preparations (CP) were performed at baseline by 21 novice dental students on plastic teeth. Duration of CP was recorded and cavity features were evaluated and scored. Then, students were exposed to HVRS training on CP. Another Class I CP was performed by each student on plastic teeth after HVRS training, then evaluated, and the duration was recorded. There was a statistically significant decrease in CP performance time after HVRS training (p < 0.001) and an increase in the mean total marks of CP after HVRS training (p < 0.001). The change in the s...

Objectives: This research aims to investigate clinically and radiographically the dentine-pulp re... more Objectives: This research aims to investigate clinically and radiographically the dentine-pulp response to a calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) compared to a glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX™ GIC) control material following indirect pulp capping in patients with signs of reversible pulpitis and to assess the integrity of the overlying resin composite restoration (N'Durance®) using USPHS and FDI criteria. This research also aims to evaluate the interface between Biodentine™ and the resin composite restoration using micro-shear mechanical testing and to investigate the possibility of reducing the radiation dose of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) while maintaining an optimised image. Materials and methods: The randomised controlled clinical trial involved recruiting patients with signs of reversible pulpitis from Kings College Dental Institute at Guys Hospital. A CBCT and periapical radiograph (PA) were taken at baseline followed by minimally invasive (MI) treatment of the carious lesion. The definitive veneering composite restoration was placed one month later. The patients were followed up longitudinally at 6 and 12 months. Another CBCT and PA radiograph were taken at 12 months. The in-vitro study involves micro-shear testing of the bond strengths of resin composite to Biodentine™ vs. glass ionomer cement vs. resin modified glass ionomer cement using an adhesive in self-etch (SE) / total etch (TE) mode after aging the 3 substrates and the bond. Failure modes were characterised and SEM images were analysed. Reducing the CBCT radiation dose was attempted by comparing CBCT scans taken at 360° vs.180° rotation while maintaining accurate linear measurements. Accuracy of measurement was judged against the corresponding measurements taken from the porcine jaw specimens used as a reference standard. Results: 72 restorations (36 Biodentine™, 36 Fuji IX™) were placed randomly in 53 patients. Clinical success rates for Biodentine™ and Fuji IX™ GIC when used as indirect pulp capping agents were equal (83.3%). CBCT was significantly more effective in detecting periapical radiolucencies compared to

Clinical Case Reports, 2021

The following case report demonstrates how a multidisciplinary team approach can be utilized succ... more The following case report demonstrates how a multidisciplinary team approach can be utilized successfully for the minimally invasive esthetic treatment of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors through space closure and canine re‐anatomization.

Journal of International Oral Health, 2021

Aim: This large-scale study explores oral hygiene practices (OHPs) of primary school children in ... more Aim: This large-scale study explores oral hygiene practices (OHPs) of primary school children in the region of Madinah as reported by their parents and evaluates different contributing factors on OHPs. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which questionnaires were distributed through the Ministry of Education’s online education platform Madrasati to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah. Various sociodemographic factors related to OHPs were calculated. Factors related to good OHP were given one mark with the maximum score of 8 marks. The multivariate analysis of variance (Manova) test was used to explore the effect of socio-economic status on scores of OHP and age of onset of tooth brushing. Results: There were a total of 2690 respondents, mostly, mothers (72.2%), Saudi nationals (84.4%), parents of children enrolled in public schools (92.8%), and those living in Al Madinah city (89.9%). OHP scores ranged between 0 and 8 with an average of ...

Objective: To measure in-vitro micro-shear bond strengths (µSBS) of resin composite (N’Durance®) ... more Objective: To measure in-vitro micro-shear bond strengths (µSBS) of resin composite (N’Durance®) to a tri-calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (GIC - Fuji IX™) and resin modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC, Fuji II LC™) using an adhesive (Scotchbond™ Universal) in self-etch mode (SE) and total etch (TE) mode while aging the 3 substrates and bond at time intervals and characterising the failure modes. Method: Resin composite was SE / TE bonded to 920 discs of Biodentine™, GIC & RMGIC. Dividing samples into 2 groups, the first group underwent early substrate aging (t=0 min, 5 min, 20 min, 24 hrs) or delayed (t=2 wks, 1month, 3 months, 6 months) before bonding and the bond strength (t=24 hrs) tested. In the second, the bonding agent was applied after either early (t=5 min) or delayed (t=2 wks) substrate aging, and then the bond tested after aging for time intervals (t=2 wks, 1month, 3 months, 6 months). The failure modes were identified using SEM. Result: Si...

Objectives: Assessing the efficacy of calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cem... more Objectives: Assessing the efficacy of calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (GIC, control) as indirect pulp-capping materials in patients suffering reversible pulpitis; comparing effectiveness of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) vs. radiographs in detecting / monitoring peri-radicular lesion change, T0 and T12 months post-operatively. Methods: 66 restorations (33 Biodentine™, 33 Fuji IX™) were allocated randomly to 53 patients. CBCT / periapical (PA) radiographs were taken at T0 and 12 months. 2 calibrated examiners assessed presence / absence and increase / decrease in size of existing PA radiolucencies under standardised conditions. Kappa coefficient evaluated statistically the effectiveness of CBCT vs. radiographs in detecting PA changes. Chi-square / Mann Whitney tests evaluated associations between PA changes in CBCT with various measures (age, vitality, symptom severity, cavity size, material, p=0.05). Results: Success rates for both Biodentine™ an...

Journal of dental research, 2015

The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of calcium silicate cement (Biodentine) v... more The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of calcium silicate cement (Biodentine) versus glass ionomer cement (GIC; control group) as indirect pulp capping materials in patients with reversible pulpitis and to compare the effectiveness of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) versus periapical (PA) radiographs in detecting PA changes at baseline (T0) and at 12 mo (T12) postoperatively. Seventy-two restorations (36 Biodentine, 36 Fuji IX) were placed randomly in 53 patients. CBCT/PA radiographs were taken at T0 and T12. Two calibrated examiners assessed the presence/absence and increase/decrease in the size of existing PA radiolucencies under standardized conditions. The Kappa coefficient evaluated statistically the effectiveness of CBCT versus PA radiographs in detecting PA changes. Chi-square/Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the association between PA changes in CBCT with various clinical measures. Significance was predetermined at α = 0.05. Clinical success ra...

Journal of Endodontics, 2013

This study aimed to investigate in an ex vivo model the reduction in patient radiation dose while... more This study aimed to investigate in an ex vivo model the reduction in patient radiation dose while maintaining accurate linear measurements by comparing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken at 360° versus 180° rotation, with porcine jaw specimens as a reference standard. CBCT scans of 12 sectioned porcine hemimandibles at 360° and 180° rotations were taken with standardized clinical exposure parameters. To assess interobserver variability, 6 assessors who were blinded to the degree of rotation took linear measurements of anatomic structures on each scan. The measurements were repeated after 2 weeks to assess intraobserver variability. Accuracy of measurement was judged against the corresponding measurements taken from the porcine jaw specimens. Intraclass correlations signaled good-to-excellent intraobserver and interobserver agreement (0.65-0.98 and 0.79-0.98), respectively. Mixed regression analysis found no significant difference between the measurements from 180° or 360° rotations and no difference between the 2 rotations and porcine jaw specimens. A CBCT image sufficient to make accurate clinical measurements with a reduced radiation exposure may be obtained by using 180° rotation of the CBCT tube head.

Dental Materials, 2014

Objectives. To compare in-vitro micro-shear bond strengths (SBS) of resin composite to calcium si... more Objectives. To compare in-vitro micro-shear bond strengths (SBS) of resin composite to calcium silicate cement (Biodentine TM) vs. glass ionomer cement vs. resin modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) using an adhesive in self-etch (SE)/total etch (TE) mode after aging three substrates and bond and characterizing their failure modes. Methods. Resin composite was SE/TE bonded to 920 standardized disks of Biodentine TM , GIC & RM-GIC. Dividing samples into two groups, the first underwent early (t = 0 min, 5 min, 20 min, 24 h) or delayed (t = 2 wk, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months) substrate aging before bonding and SBS (t = 24 h) testing. In the second, adhesive was applied after either early (t = 5 min) or delayed (t = 2 wk) substrate aging and then tested after bond aging (t = 2 wk, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months). The failure modes were identified using stereomicroscope. SEM images of selected samples were analyzed. Results. No significant differences were observed between (SE)/(TE) bonding modes (P = 0.42). With substrate aging, a significant reduction in SBS occurred between early and delayed time intervals for Biodentine TM (P = 0.001), but none for the GIC/RM-GIC (P = 0.465, P = 0.512 respectively). With bond aging, there was no significant difference between time intervals for all groups, except at 6 months for the GIC (P < 0.05). Modes of failure were primarily cohesive within all the substrates (68.82%) followed by adhesive failure at the resin-substrate interface (21.71%). Significance. Biodentine TM is a weak restorative material in its early setting phase. Placing the overlying resin composite as part of the laminate/layered definitive restoration is best delayed for >2 wk to allow sufficient intrinsic maturation to withstand contraction forces from the resin composite. A total-etch or self-etch adhesive may be used.

The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2020

AIM AND OBJECTIVE To assess microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two types of luting cement to mo... more AIM AND OBJECTIVE To assess microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two types of luting cement to monolithic zirconia and dentin following various surface modifications and aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monolithic zirconia blocks were divided into four main groups. Group N: no surface modification; Group SB: sandblasted using 50 μm Al2O3 particles. Group GH: glazed with a thin film of low-fusing porcelain glaze and etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds. Group CJ: sandblasted with CoJet sand. Surface-treated ceramic blocks were bonded to dentin using either self-adhesive cement or resin-modified glass ionomer cement and submitted to 3 or 150 days of water storage protocol with aging. The specimens were subjected to tensile force until de-bonding. Surface roughness (Ra, μm) was assessed after surface treatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests followed by Tukey's tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). RESULTS Surface modification using selective infiltration etch...

Clinical Oral Investigations

Objectives Assess calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX™, contr... more Objectives Assess calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX™, control) as indirect pulp capping (IPC) materials in patients with reversible pulpitis after a 2-year follow-up. Evaluate the integrity of the overlying resin composite restorations using modified USPHS criteria and FDI criteria. Investigate the sensitivity of the modified USPHS criteria compared to the FDI criteria in the assessment of the restorations. Materials and methods Seventy-two restorations (36 Biodentine™, 36 Fuji IX™) were placed randomly in 53 patients. Periapical radiographs were taken at pre-treatment (T0), 12-month (T12), and 24-month (T24) review. Restorations were assessed using the modified USPHS and FDI criteria at T12 and T24. Results At 24 months, 15 teeth had failed to maintain vitality (6 Biodentine™, 9 Fuji IX™). Clinical success rate of IPC for both materials was 72% and is related to the intensity of reversible pulpitis symptoms. No difference was found between T12 and T24 in the periapical (PA) radiographs and in the integrity of the resin composite restorations overlying Biodentine™ compared to Fuji IX™. There was no difference in the efficacy of the USPHS criteria compared to the FDI criteria in the assessment of the resin composite restorations. Conclusions Biodentine™ and Fuji IX™ were clinically effective when used as IPC materials in teeth with reversible pulpitis at T24. Resin composite restorations overlying both materials performed well at T24. Using the USPHS or FDI criteria is equally efficient at T24; however, longer term follow-up is needed to establish whether there are sensitivity differences between these assessment criteria. Clinical significance Teeth with deep carious lesions approaching the pulp and with signs of reversible pulpitis can be treated successfully by indirect pulp capping using either Biodentine™ or Fuji IX™. Using the USPHS or FDI criteria to assess restorations is equally effective at 2 years. Trial registration NCT02201641 Keywords Indirect pulp capping. Reversible pulpitis. Periapical radiographs. Calcium silicate cements. Glass ionomer cements. USPHS. FDI criteria. MI dentistry. Carisolv gel. Selective caries removal

The European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Sep 1, 2011

Cast posts can sometimes prove difficult to seat fully during fitting. This study compared two di... more Cast posts can sometimes prove difficult to seat fully during fitting. This study compared two different liquid/water dilutions for phosphate bonded investment and the effect of controlled airborne particle abrasion on resulting post diameter. After measuring polymeric post patterns (n = 18), 3 groups were invested using concentrated solution and 3 groups using dilute solution. After casting they were weighed and remeasured then exposed to airborne particle abrasion. Both solutions produced oversized cast posts. Mean diameter reduction during airborne particle abrasion was 8 microm/10s taking an average of 41s to reach precast size. Where a post pattern fits tightly, airborne particle abrasion for 70s should reduce the casting sufficiently to accommodate the cement lute.