Lorena Garcia Cucalon | Texas A&M University (original) (raw)

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Papers by Lorena Garcia Cucalon

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility Minimization Strategies for Warm-Mix Asphalt: Case Study

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Novel Method for Moisture Susceptibility and Rutting Evaluation Using Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Moisture Susceptibility of Warm-Mix Asphalt

Asphalt Pavements, 2014

Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits led to the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asp... more Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits led to the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) during the past decade. While WMA technologies are generally performing well to date, development of standard mix design protocols continues and performance questions remain. This study evaluated laboratory conditioning protocols for WMA to simulate early life when they are more moisture susceptible and proposed 2 hours at 116°C for mix design and reheating to this temperature for quality assurance for all WMA technologies except foaming which requires reheating to 135°C. Next, WMA was shown to be more moisture susceptible as compared to Hot-Mix Asphalt in the early life based on a comprehensive analysis of three standard laboratory tests (wet and dry indirect tensile strengths and resilient modulus and their ratios and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test stripping parameters) from four field projects that included nine WMA mixtures. Finally, an evaluation of performance evolution showed that WMA can overcome this vulnerability to moisture after a summer of aging and proposed 5 days oven aging at 85°C to capture this effect in the laboratory. Proposed conditioning protocols, aging protocols, and criteria for the tests utilized are provided for WMA mix design and analysis to preclude moisture susceptibility.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility Minimization Strategies for Warm-Mix Asphalt: Case Study

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Novel Method for Moisture Susceptibility and Rutting Evaluation Using Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2014

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory Conditioning Protocols for Warm-Mix Asphalt

Asphalt Paving Technology: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists-Proceedings of the Technical Sessions

ABSTRACT Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits have led to the rapid implementation o... more ABSTRACT Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits have led to the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) across the world during the past decade. While WMA technologies have been successfully utilized as a paving material, standard mix design protocols remain under development. A study of the effect of laboratory conditioning protocols (prior to compaction) on the performance of HMA (Hot-Mix Asphalt) and WMA mixtures made with chemical additives, wax additives, or foaming was performed. Resilient Modulus (MR), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), and image analysis techniques were used to evaluate the properties of the extracted binders and mixtures conditioned with different protocols. Laboratory Mixed Laboratory Compacted (LMLC) specimens conditioned for 2 hours at 240°F (116°C) for WMA and 275°F (135°C) for HMA had similar stiffnesses as cores collected during the early life of field pavements. For off-site Plant Mixed Laboratory Compacted (PMLC) specimens, different conditioning protocols are recommended to simulate stiffnesses of on-site PMLC specimens: reheat to 240°F (116°C) for WMA with additives and reheat to 275°F (135°C) for HMA and foamed WMA.

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory Conditioning Protocols for Warm-Mix Asphalt

Asphalt Paving Technology: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists-Proceedings of the Technical Sessions

ABSTRACT Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits have led to the rapid implementation o... more ABSTRACT Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits have led to the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) across the world during the past decade. While WMA technologies have been successfully utilized as a paving material, standard mix design protocols remain under development. A study of the effect of laboratory conditioning protocols (prior to compaction) on the performance of HMA (Hot-Mix Asphalt) and WMA mixtures made with chemical additives, wax additives, or foaming was performed. Resilient Modulus (MR), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), and image analysis techniques were used to evaluate the properties of the extracted binders and mixtures conditioned with different protocols. Laboratory Mixed Laboratory Compacted (LMLC) specimens conditioned for 2 hours at 240°F (116°C) for WMA and 275°F (135°C) for HMA had similar stiffnesses as cores collected during the early life of field pavements. For off-site Plant Mixed Laboratory Compacted (PMLC) specimens, different conditioning protocols are recommended to simulate stiffnesses of on-site PMLC specimens: reheat to 240°F (116°C) for WMA with additives and reheat to 275°F (135°C) for HMA and foamed WMA.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Evolution of Hot-Mix and Warm-Mix Asphalt with Field and Laboratory Aging

Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits promoted the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix A... more Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits promoted the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) across the world during the past decade. While WMA technologies have been successfully used as a paving material, concerns remain about the difference in performance between WMA and Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) due to changes in the mixture production process. Previous laboratory testing results indicate that WMA is oftentimes more susceptible to rutting and moisture damage as compared to HMA, and that this difference in performance is minimized with mixture aging. However, the prevalent concern of increased moisture susceptibility of WMA has not been observed in the field. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the differences in stiffness and moisture susceptibility between WMA and HMA with time (i.e., field and laboratory aging). Stiffness was measured with the Resilient Modulus (M R) test, while the Indirect Tensile (IDT) strength test and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) were used to quantify moisture susceptibility. Test results show that field and laboratory aging significantly increase the stiffness and improve the moisture resistance of the mixtures, and equivalent or better performance can be achieved by WMA versus HMA after a summer of field aging or significant laboratory Long-Term Oven Aging (LTOA). The correlation between field aging and laboratory LTOA in terms of mixture performance was also determined as part of this study.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Evolution of Hot-Mix and Warm-Mix Asphalt with Field and Laboratory Aging

Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits promoted the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix A... more Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits promoted the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) across the world during the past decade. While WMA technologies have been successfully used as a paving material, concerns remain about the difference in performance between WMA and Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) due to changes in the mixture production process. Previous laboratory testing results indicate that WMA is oftentimes more susceptible to rutting and moisture damage as compared to HMA, and that this difference in performance is minimized with mixture aging. However, the prevalent concern of increased moisture susceptibility of WMA has not been observed in the field. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the differences in stiffness and moisture susceptibility between WMA and HMA with time (i.e., field and laboratory aging). Stiffness was measured with the Resilient Modulus (MR) test, while the Indirect Tensile (IDT) strength test and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility Minimization Strategies for Warm-Mix Asphalt: Case Study

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Novel Method for Moisture Susceptibility and Rutting Evaluation Using Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Moisture Susceptibility of Warm-Mix Asphalt

Asphalt Pavements, 2014

Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits led to the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asp... more Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits led to the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) during the past decade. While WMA technologies are generally performing well to date, development of standard mix design protocols continues and performance questions remain. This study evaluated laboratory conditioning protocols for WMA to simulate early life when they are more moisture susceptible and proposed 2 hours at 116°C for mix design and reheating to this temperature for quality assurance for all WMA technologies except foaming which requires reheating to 135°C. Next, WMA was shown to be more moisture susceptible as compared to Hot-Mix Asphalt in the early life based on a comprehensive analysis of three standard laboratory tests (wet and dry indirect tensile strengths and resilient modulus and their ratios and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test stripping parameters) from four field projects that included nine WMA mixtures. Finally, an evaluation of performance evolution showed that WMA can overcome this vulnerability to moisture after a summer of aging and proposed 5 days oven aging at 85°C to capture this effect in the laboratory. Proposed conditioning protocols, aging protocols, and criteria for the tests utilized are provided for WMA mix design and analysis to preclude moisture susceptibility.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility Minimization Strategies for Warm-Mix Asphalt: Case Study

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Novel Method for Moisture Susceptibility and Rutting Evaluation Using Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2014

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory Conditioning Protocols for Warm-Mix Asphalt

Asphalt Paving Technology: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists-Proceedings of the Technical Sessions

ABSTRACT Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits have led to the rapid implementation o... more ABSTRACT Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits have led to the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) across the world during the past decade. While WMA technologies have been successfully utilized as a paving material, standard mix design protocols remain under development. A study of the effect of laboratory conditioning protocols (prior to compaction) on the performance of HMA (Hot-Mix Asphalt) and WMA mixtures made with chemical additives, wax additives, or foaming was performed. Resilient Modulus (MR), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), and image analysis techniques were used to evaluate the properties of the extracted binders and mixtures conditioned with different protocols. Laboratory Mixed Laboratory Compacted (LMLC) specimens conditioned for 2 hours at 240°F (116°C) for WMA and 275°F (135°C) for HMA had similar stiffnesses as cores collected during the early life of field pavements. For off-site Plant Mixed Laboratory Compacted (PMLC) specimens, different conditioning protocols are recommended to simulate stiffnesses of on-site PMLC specimens: reheat to 240°F (116°C) for WMA with additives and reheat to 275°F (135°C) for HMA and foamed WMA.

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory Conditioning Protocols for Warm-Mix Asphalt

Asphalt Paving Technology: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists-Proceedings of the Technical Sessions

ABSTRACT Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits have led to the rapid implementation o... more ABSTRACT Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits have led to the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) across the world during the past decade. While WMA technologies have been successfully utilized as a paving material, standard mix design protocols remain under development. A study of the effect of laboratory conditioning protocols (prior to compaction) on the performance of HMA (Hot-Mix Asphalt) and WMA mixtures made with chemical additives, wax additives, or foaming was performed. Resilient Modulus (MR), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), and image analysis techniques were used to evaluate the properties of the extracted binders and mixtures conditioned with different protocols. Laboratory Mixed Laboratory Compacted (LMLC) specimens conditioned for 2 hours at 240°F (116°C) for WMA and 275°F (135°C) for HMA had similar stiffnesses as cores collected during the early life of field pavements. For off-site Plant Mixed Laboratory Compacted (PMLC) specimens, different conditioning protocols are recommended to simulate stiffnesses of on-site PMLC specimens: reheat to 240°F (116°C) for WMA with additives and reheat to 275°F (135°C) for HMA and foamed WMA.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Evolution of Hot-Mix and Warm-Mix Asphalt with Field and Laboratory Aging

Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits promoted the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix A... more Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits promoted the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) across the world during the past decade. While WMA technologies have been successfully used as a paving material, concerns remain about the difference in performance between WMA and Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) due to changes in the mixture production process. Previous laboratory testing results indicate that WMA is oftentimes more susceptible to rutting and moisture damage as compared to HMA, and that this difference in performance is minimized with mixture aging. However, the prevalent concern of increased moisture susceptibility of WMA has not been observed in the field. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the differences in stiffness and moisture susceptibility between WMA and HMA with time (i.e., field and laboratory aging). Stiffness was measured with the Resilient Modulus (M R) test, while the Indirect Tensile (IDT) strength test and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) were used to quantify moisture susceptibility. Test results show that field and laboratory aging significantly increase the stiffness and improve the moisture resistance of the mixtures, and equivalent or better performance can be achieved by WMA versus HMA after a summer of field aging or significant laboratory Long-Term Oven Aging (LTOA). The correlation between field aging and laboratory LTOA in terms of mixture performance was also determined as part of this study.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Evolution of Hot-Mix and Warm-Mix Asphalt with Field and Laboratory Aging

Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits promoted the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix A... more Economic, environmental, and engineering benefits promoted the rapid implementation of Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) across the world during the past decade. While WMA technologies have been successfully used as a paving material, concerns remain about the difference in performance between WMA and Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) due to changes in the mixture production process. Previous laboratory testing results indicate that WMA is oftentimes more susceptible to rutting and moisture damage as compared to HMA, and that this difference in performance is minimized with mixture aging. However, the prevalent concern of increased moisture susceptibility of WMA has not been observed in the field. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the differences in stiffness and moisture susceptibility between WMA and HMA with time (i.e., field and laboratory aging). Stiffness was measured with the Resilient Modulus (MR) test, while the Indirect Tensile (IDT) strength test and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT...