Bernard B U N D E Meer | Taraba State University Jalingo, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Papers by Bernard B U N D E Meer
https://iahiservices.com/journal/index.php/BSPJMR, 2024
The study investigated the anticipated performance index of urban tree species in Makurdi, Niger... more The study investigated the anticipated performance index of urban tree
species in Makurdi, Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the air
pollution tolerance and anticipated performance indices. Multistage and
purposive sampling methods were used to select five (5) plots measuring
400 m × 30 m. All the individual trees within the sampled plots were
identified and counted. A 30% sample intensity was purposively used to
select six (6) tree species that were most frequently found. Fresh mature
leaves were randomly picked in triplicates from each tree species and
transported to the laboratory for analysis. The APTI and API values were
calculated by the application of quantitative parameters of biochemical
analysis. Descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, bar chart) and
inferential statistics (correlation) were also used to analyze the data. The
results showed that Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidentale were
considered to have high levels of all biochemical concentrations. Similarly,
Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidentale were found to have the highest APTI and API values. This implies that these species were sensitive to air pollution. Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidentale showed good API
gradation, in contrast to poor performance recorded by Albizia lebbeck,
Polyalthia longifolia, Eleais guineensis, and Delonix regia. The ndings of this study conclude that Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidentale are better suited for urban settings compared to other species in the study area. Therefore, concerned stakeholders should ensure that these species are planted and managed around settlements, routes, and other urban
landscapes of Makurdi city.
Academia Environmental Sciences and Sustainability, Aug 13, 2024
This study examined some essential indigenous woody plant species used by the rural people in thr... more This study examined some essential indigenous woody plant species used by the rural people in three ecological zones of Taraba State in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify and document the essential indigenous woody plants, the frequency of their harvest, and the methods employed for harvesting them. A multistage sampling design was used to stratify the study into three ecological zones: Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS), Southern Guinea Savanna (SGS), and Montane Forest (MF). Data collected were obtained using purposive sampling technique. Solvin’s formula was used to select 399 respondents (i.e., 133 in each ecological zone). Administration of semi-structured questionnaire was done using free listing method. All the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that majority of the respondents were males (56%) and young persons (46%) who had traditional knowledge of the importance of available indigenous woody plant species. A total of 22 most essential indigenous woody plant species belonging to 18 families were identified to be used by the rural population in Taraba State. Majority of the respondents (69%) used risky and unsustainably destructive methods to harvest these species on a daily and annual basis, notably during the dry season (69%). Sustainability of these species is, therefore, recommended through proper education, afforestation and reforestation programs, sustainable harvesting methods, and management of indigenous woody plant species and forest ecosystems.
Meer et al_2024_QJEST, 2024
Effects of modern yam farming system on tree species abundance and conservation status was studie... more Effects of modern yam farming system on tree species abundance and conservation status was studied in Ukum Local Government Area (LGA), Nigeria. Data were obtained through the use of semi structured questionnaire and woody species field survey using purposive and simple random sampling methods. Five (5) districts out of thirteen (13) were randomly selected using a sampling intensity of 40%. A total of 250 respondents (50 per district) who practice the modern system of yam farming were randomly sampled for the study. A total of ten (10) rectangular sampling plots of (100x100) m (1 ha) was established at random in the study (two plots per district), all the individual trees with ≥10 cm DBH existing within the plots were identified and counted. Data were analyzed using quantitative parameters (IUCN red list of threatened species) and qualitative tools (tables, percentages, frequency and ANOVA) through SPSS version 20 software. Results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were male (76.40%), married (78.00) and middle-aged farmers who are active and energetic in carrying out farming practices such as pruning, lopping, clear cutting, site preparation. The result indicated that majority of farmers (90.40%) harvest wood from natural forests (62.40%) and plantations (32.40%) for yam staking using unsustainable method of destroying the whole plant. This practice decreases the availability of tree resources at high rate (67.60%). A total of 43 species representing 23 families was encountered with Vitex donniana having the highest number of trees (12.53%). Majority of the tree species (91.00%) were found as Least Concern in the study area. The ANOVA results showed significant difference, implying that yam cultivation has produced a significant effect on tree species abundance in the study area. This suggests the use of alternative stakes and the implementation of conservation policies and agroforestry practices in the study area.
Meer et al._FFPJ, 2022
The study examined the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems and the host communiti... more The study examined the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems and the host communities in the northeastern region of Benue State, Nigeria. It aims to identify the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems for effective prevention. Three forest reserves (Ikyo-Nyian, Ukamberagya, and Gundu-Chaha from Katsina Ala, Logo, and Ukum local government areas respectively) were purposively selected for the study. A total of 385 respondents from forest-dependent communities adjacent to these forests were sampled based on the Cochran sampling method. Descriptive statistics, a Likert scale, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. Majority of the respondents (57.92%) were male farmers who are mostly young and agile. About fifty-six percent (55.84%) of the respondents significantly (p = 4.56) perceived that bandits use forest estates as major hideout areas. Bandits clash with security agencies in the forest, as significantly (p = 3.84) perceived by most of the respondents (78.18%). Their activities result in biodiversity destruction, degradation, and disturbance. This significantly (p = 4.28), affects the extraction, distribution, and consumption of forest resources and livelihood activities, thereby affecting other ecological, social, and economic activities. The correlation test showed a significant (p = 0.05) positive correlation (between 0.738 and 0.949) between forest ecosystems as banditry hideouts and all the identified ecological and socioeconomic implications in the area. There is a need to equip and deploy active security agencies in affected areas for effective prevention, coupled with the provision of more basic infrastructure and amenities, to restore normalcy in the area.
Akaangee et al, 2023
A field experiment was conducted in the dry seasons of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the performance ... more A field experiment was conducted in the dry seasons of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the performance of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties on yield and yield components in the Jalingo metropolis, northern Guinea savanna ecological zone of Taraba state, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The three wheat varieties used in the experiment were Cettia, Lifen and Reyna-28. They were sourced from the Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI), Maiduguri, Nigeria. The treatments were replicated three 2 times. The plot size was 3 m x 2 m (6 m). The seeds were sown by dibbling at a row spacing of 30 cm x 25 cm on th the 15 of November each year. All the required agronomic practices were carried out. Data were collected on the-2 number of spikes per m , number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, biomass yield, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. All the data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) appropriate to randomized complete block design and means were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) procedure. The results revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05)-2 among the varieties in wheat yield and yield components. Reyna-28 produced the highest number of spikes m ,-1-1 number of spikelets spike , number of grains spike , weight of 1000 grains, grain yield per hectare, biomass yield per hectare and harvest index while Linfen recorded the highest value of straw yield per hectare. In conclusion, Reyna-28 proved to be the best wheat variety for higher grain yield and most of the other traits tested. Therefore, Reyna-28 is recommended for irrigated wheat production in the study area.
Meer et al, 2023
This paper reviews the implications of anthropogenic induced perturbations on national Park range... more This paper reviews the implications of anthropogenic induced perturbations on national Park rangelands. It aimed at investigating the degradation, effects and sustainability of national park rangelands in Nigeria. The proximate causes of rangeland degradation include overgrazing, logging, hunting, unsustainable fuelwood use, mining, and plowing of rangelands with subsequent loss of soil productivity while ultimate causes are typically associated with policies, socioeconomic changes or interactions of socio economic and governance factors with climatic stressors such as drought, desertification, erosion and flood. The loss of biodiversity is the end product of a wide range of factors causing rangeland degradation. Social and economic systems provide the context and rationale for rangeland management in national parks. Sustaining rangeland ecosystems requires attention to the social, economic and ecological conditions. National parks play a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation efforts since they are the means of protecting species that cannot sustain in anthropogenic interference ecological settings. It is also the place of natural evolution and forthcoming ecological restoration. Hence, conservation of rangelands in national parks is a vital issue that needs to be addressed for sustainable development.
This paper reviews the implications of anthropogenic induced perturbations on national Park range... more This paper reviews the implications of anthropogenic induced perturbations on national Park rangelands. It aimed at investigating the degradation, effects and sustainability of national park rangelands in Nigeria. The proximate causes of rangeland degradation include overgrazing, logging, hunting, unsustainable fuelwood use, mining, and plowing of rangelands with subsequent loss of soil productivity while ultimate causes are typically associated with policies, socioeconomic changes or interactions of socio economic and governance factors with climatic stressors such as drought, desertification, erosion and flood. The loss of biodiversity is the end product of a wide range of factors causing rangeland degradation. Social and economic systems provide the context and rationale for rangeland management in national parks. Sustaining rangeland ecosystems requires attention to the social, economic and ecological conditions. National parks play a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation efforts since they are the means of protecting species that cannot sustain in anthropogenic interference ecological settings. It is also the place of natural evolution and forthcoming ecological restoration. Hence, conservation of rangelands in national parks is a vital issue that needs to be addressed for sustainable development.
Akaangee et al, 2023
Influence of nitrogen rates on the performance of Wheat varieties were investigated to determine ... more Influence of nitrogen rates on the performance of Wheat varieties were investigated to determine the effects of nitrogen rates on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the study area. The experiments were laid out in split plot design with seven nitrogen rates. The treatments were replicated three times. The sub plot size was 3 m x 2 m. The crop was planted in the middle of November, at the beginning of the dry season. Half of each nitrogen rate was applied at sowing and the other half splited into two and top dressed at early tilling and flowering stage. Data were collected on number of tillers, Plant height, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, weight of 1000 grain, biomass yield, grain yield and harvest index. All the data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) using Genstat version 4.0. The results revealed that nitrogen fertilization had significant effect (P<0.05) on wheat yield and yield components. Number of tillers was highest at 180 kg N ha-1 and variety Linfen. Similarly, Plant height was best at 180 kg N ha-1 and variety Reyna-28 while number of spikelets spike-1 was highest at 150 kg N ha-1 and variety Reyna-28 which was at par with Linfen. All the yield characters and final grain yield performed best at 120 kg N ha-1 and Reyna-28. These results indicate that, Nitrogen rate of 120 kg N ha-1 and Reyna-28 proved to be the best rate and variety for higher grain yield. Thus it is recommended that 120 kg N ha-1 and Reyna-28 be used for irrigated wheat production in the study area.
The slow growth of parkia biglobosa (Jacq (Benth)) bean has continued to posed a great challenge ... more The slow growth of parkia biglobosa (Jacq (Benth)) bean has continued to posed a great challenge to the conservators and silviculturist. This study was carried out to determine the hormonal influence of gibberellin and auxin on the early growth of parkia biglobosa under nursery condition. The experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks, where the number of leaves on the plants, the plants height and collar diameter were determined. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used for the conduction of the experiment. The experiment had three (3) treatments; T1 (gibberellin), T2 (auxin) and T3 (control) with fifteen (15) replicates per treatment. The growth parameters measured were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result from the experiment showed that the growth hormones had significant influence (p<0.05) only on the number of leaves with no significant effect (p>0.05) on plant height and collar diameter. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) (p≥0.05) was carried out for the number of leaves and the result showed that the treatment were significantly different from one another. This study therefore showed that the performance of parkia biglobosa can be improved when the seeds are treated with growth hormones at early stages as observed in the increase of number of leaves, however the limitation of the species makes the influence of the growth hormones not to be fully expressed on plant height and collar diameter.
J FES, 2023
To understand the health conditions and growth patterns of forest estate for environmental resili... more To understand the health conditions and growth patterns of forest estate for environmental resilience and climate change mitigation, assessment of structure and species diversity is paramount. This study aimed at assessing the structure, alpha, and beta diversities of tree species in three ecological zones in Taraba, Nigeria for management purposes. In recent time, no research has been reported on the structure and beta diversity of the study areas. A systematic sampling design was used for data collection. Five sample plots of 50×50 m were laid in each of the six natural forest areas. The result showed a mean DBH (42.5 cm) and a tree height (15.0 m) from the forests. The forests have a structure of an inverse "J-shape," which is typical of natural forests in the tropics. The southern Guinea savanna zone had the highest mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index (2.8). The least beta diversity index (0.02) was between Baissa and Jen Gininya forest areas. Baissa and Bakin Dutse Protected Forest Areas (PFAs) contained 76.5% of the tree species. There is a high chance of all tree species to be found in these 2 forest areas. Proximity to a location influences how similar two tree species are, according to the least beta diversity index (0.02) recorded. The Federal Government's method of management for the forest, known as Gashaka Gumti National Park, may be responsible for the high beta diversity index in the Montane ecozone. Therefore, it should be strongly encouraged to practice strict oversight of natural areas, as their contributions to reducing climate change in Taraba State, Nigeria, cannot be overstated.
Tree volume measurements are used for different purposes, such as commercial, scientific, and pol... more Tree volume measurements are used for different purposes, such as commercial, scientific, and policies-making. The species generic volume model aimed at estimating tree volumes for sustainable management of the area; which is lacking for Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve in Taraba State, Nigeria. The reserve is a protected area with high rate of exploitation and fire outbreak, losing its original landmass. Data were collected using systematic sampling design; one thousand four hundred and forty nine (1,449) lives trees with the diameter at breast height (Dbh) ≥ 10 cm were measured for Dbh (1.3 m) and total tree height. A tree mean diameter of 1.53 m, mean total height of 49.69, mean BA of 1.08 m 2 and mean volume of 34.96 m 3 were recorded in the area. Most of the individual trees (n=1,227) were in the lower diameter distribution and lower height distribution (n=1,022). The forest structure is an inverse J-shape; hence, an inverse 'J-shape' diameter distribution indicated healthy regeneration potentials. When natural regeneration occurs in an uneven forest over a long period of time, the number of trees decreases from small to high diameters. The parameters estimated indicate that the intercepts of the equations for all the models (except 3 and 5) were negative. The combined variable model of Spur which has diameter square (D 2) and total tree height (THt) as independent variables was adjudged as the most plausible and fitted model for the area. The residual scattered plot indicates good fits and confirmed the effectiveness of weighted least squares in normalizing variance.
This paper reviews the implications of environmental contamination on Nigerian biodiversity and e... more This paper reviews the implications of environmental contamination on Nigerian biodiversity and ecosystem services aimed at identifying the causes, effects and remediation strategies. Literatures on concept of environmental contamination, biodiversity and ecosystem services were discussed. Environmental contaminants are known to be naturally occurring compounds, but anthropogenic activities introduce them in large quantities in different environmental compartments. This leads to the environment's ability to foster life being reduced as biodiversity become threatened. This occurs due to accumulation of the contaminants in the biosphere as a result of widespread of contaminants and non-degradable state of most them. The paper posits that environmental problems in Nigeria generally are many, diverse in nature and are caused by human interaction with environment for exploits in a number of ways-both in the cities; where industrial activities predominate, and rural areas; where agriculture thrives. The paper observes that these problems are a consequence of environmental contaminants which eventually results to environmental contamination. Remediation of environmental contamination requires special attention to protect all spheres (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere) as a collection. The review proffers possible solutions and recommendations to restore or minimise and prevent further occurrences in Nigeria.
This study evaluated the relationship between selected physicochemical properties and microbial p... more This study evaluated the relationship between selected physicochemical properties and microbial populations of the soil of Bagale Forest Reserve, Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Five plots of 20 x 20 m were laid. Soil samples were collected from five different positions at two soil depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. The soil samples were isolated in the laboratory for microbial populations and determination of physical and chemical properties. The results obtained revealed that fungal population (7.65 x 105 cfu/ml) was the highest at the soil depth of 0-15 cm, representing 39% of the total microbial populations in the sampled soil of the study area. The results further revealed that the population (6.84 x 105 cfu/ml) of the bacteria had a positive effect on soils of the study area in terms of nitrogen fixation by Rhizobacterial spp. Chemical properties of the soil samples revealed that the available phosphorus exhibited the highest percentage (61.7%)
Materials and method Study area Taraba State lies between latitudes 6034'36"N and 9058'51"N and l... more Materials and method Study area Taraba State lies between latitudes 6034'36"N and 9058'51"N and longitudes 90 52'28"Eand120 39'51"E. It occupies a total land mass of approximately 54,473km 2 (Figure 1).
Sustainability, population and structure of woody species composition of Taraba state forests wer... more Sustainability, population and structure of woody species composition of Taraba state forests were studied for future management strategies that allow a more sustainable use of woody species and a better conservation of forest ecosystems. The objectives of the study were to study the woody species dominance, important value index and population structure in different ecological zones of Taraba State forests. Data were obtained through woody species survey and the study area was stratified into three ecological zones and two protected areas. Five plots each measuring 50×50 m were sampled in each protected area and two protected areas were also sampled from each ecological zone. A total of 30 plots and 6 protected areas were sampled and all the woody species that occurred in the plots were also sampled. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Tables, percentages, frequency, ANOVA and LSD. A total of 3760 individual Original Research Article
This study assessed woody species diversity in different ecological zones of Taraba State. The ob... more This study assessed woody species diversity in different ecological zones of Taraba State. The objectives were to determine the abundance, distribution and comparison of woody species diversity in order to protect and monitor the forest ecosystems. Data were obtained through the woody species survey, and the study area was stratified into three ecological zones and two protected areas. Five plots each measuring 50 × 50 m were sampled in each protected area. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, ANOVA and LSD. A total of 3760 individual woody stands were recorded in the study. A total of 60, 34 and 32 species were also encontered in Montane Forest, Southern and Northern Guinea Savanna, respectively. Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve had the highest species richness value (49) followed by Wasaji Forest Reserve (26) while Gashaka Gumti National Park had the lowest value (13). The Shannon diversity
The study examined the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems and the host communiti... more The study examined the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems and the host communities in the northeastern region of Benue State, Nigeria. It aims to identify the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems for effective prevention. Three forest reserves (Ikyo-Nyian, Ukamberagya, and Gundu-Chaha from Katsina Ala, Logo, and Ukum local government areas respectively) were purposely selected for the study. A total of 385 respondents from forest-dependent communities adjacent to these forests were sampled based on the Cochran sampling method. Descriptive statistics, a Likert scale, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. Based on this finding, the majority of the respondents (57.92%) were male farmers who are mostly young and agile. Majority (55.84%) of the respondents significantly (p = 4.56) perceived that bandits use forest estates as major hideout areas. Bandits clash with security agencies in the forest, as significantly (p = 3.84) perceived by most of the respondents (78.18%). Their activities result in biodiversity destruction, degradation, and disturbance. This significantly (p = 4.28), affects the extraction, distribution, and consumption of forest resources and livelihood activities, thereby affecting other ecological, social, and economic activities. The correlation test showed a significant (p = 0.05) positive correlation (between 0.738 and 0.949) between forest ecosystems as banditry hideouts and all the identified ecological and socio-economic implications in the area. There is a need to equip and deploy active security agencies in affected areas for effective prevention, coupled with the provision of more basic infrastructure and amenities, to restore normalcy in the area.
https://iahiservices.com/journal/index.php/BSPJMR, 2024
The study investigated the anticipated performance index of urban tree species in Makurdi, Niger... more The study investigated the anticipated performance index of urban tree
species in Makurdi, Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the air
pollution tolerance and anticipated performance indices. Multistage and
purposive sampling methods were used to select five (5) plots measuring
400 m × 30 m. All the individual trees within the sampled plots were
identified and counted. A 30% sample intensity was purposively used to
select six (6) tree species that were most frequently found. Fresh mature
leaves were randomly picked in triplicates from each tree species and
transported to the laboratory for analysis. The APTI and API values were
calculated by the application of quantitative parameters of biochemical
analysis. Descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, bar chart) and
inferential statistics (correlation) were also used to analyze the data. The
results showed that Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidentale were
considered to have high levels of all biochemical concentrations. Similarly,
Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidentale were found to have the highest APTI and API values. This implies that these species were sensitive to air pollution. Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidentale showed good API
gradation, in contrast to poor performance recorded by Albizia lebbeck,
Polyalthia longifolia, Eleais guineensis, and Delonix regia. The ndings of this study conclude that Mangifera indica and Anacardium occidentale are better suited for urban settings compared to other species in the study area. Therefore, concerned stakeholders should ensure that these species are planted and managed around settlements, routes, and other urban
landscapes of Makurdi city.
Academia Environmental Sciences and Sustainability, Aug 13, 2024
This study examined some essential indigenous woody plant species used by the rural people in thr... more This study examined some essential indigenous woody plant species used by the rural people in three ecological zones of Taraba State in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify and document the essential indigenous woody plants, the frequency of their harvest, and the methods employed for harvesting them. A multistage sampling design was used to stratify the study into three ecological zones: Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS), Southern Guinea Savanna (SGS), and Montane Forest (MF). Data collected were obtained using purposive sampling technique. Solvin’s formula was used to select 399 respondents (i.e., 133 in each ecological zone). Administration of semi-structured questionnaire was done using free listing method. All the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that majority of the respondents were males (56%) and young persons (46%) who had traditional knowledge of the importance of available indigenous woody plant species. A total of 22 most essential indigenous woody plant species belonging to 18 families were identified to be used by the rural population in Taraba State. Majority of the respondents (69%) used risky and unsustainably destructive methods to harvest these species on a daily and annual basis, notably during the dry season (69%). Sustainability of these species is, therefore, recommended through proper education, afforestation and reforestation programs, sustainable harvesting methods, and management of indigenous woody plant species and forest ecosystems.
Meer et al_2024_QJEST, 2024
Effects of modern yam farming system on tree species abundance and conservation status was studie... more Effects of modern yam farming system on tree species abundance and conservation status was studied in Ukum Local Government Area (LGA), Nigeria. Data were obtained through the use of semi structured questionnaire and woody species field survey using purposive and simple random sampling methods. Five (5) districts out of thirteen (13) were randomly selected using a sampling intensity of 40%. A total of 250 respondents (50 per district) who practice the modern system of yam farming were randomly sampled for the study. A total of ten (10) rectangular sampling plots of (100x100) m (1 ha) was established at random in the study (two plots per district), all the individual trees with ≥10 cm DBH existing within the plots were identified and counted. Data were analyzed using quantitative parameters (IUCN red list of threatened species) and qualitative tools (tables, percentages, frequency and ANOVA) through SPSS version 20 software. Results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were male (76.40%), married (78.00) and middle-aged farmers who are active and energetic in carrying out farming practices such as pruning, lopping, clear cutting, site preparation. The result indicated that majority of farmers (90.40%) harvest wood from natural forests (62.40%) and plantations (32.40%) for yam staking using unsustainable method of destroying the whole plant. This practice decreases the availability of tree resources at high rate (67.60%). A total of 43 species representing 23 families was encountered with Vitex donniana having the highest number of trees (12.53%). Majority of the tree species (91.00%) were found as Least Concern in the study area. The ANOVA results showed significant difference, implying that yam cultivation has produced a significant effect on tree species abundance in the study area. This suggests the use of alternative stakes and the implementation of conservation policies and agroforestry practices in the study area.
Meer et al._FFPJ, 2022
The study examined the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems and the host communiti... more The study examined the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems and the host communities in the northeastern region of Benue State, Nigeria. It aims to identify the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems for effective prevention. Three forest reserves (Ikyo-Nyian, Ukamberagya, and Gundu-Chaha from Katsina Ala, Logo, and Ukum local government areas respectively) were purposively selected for the study. A total of 385 respondents from forest-dependent communities adjacent to these forests were sampled based on the Cochran sampling method. Descriptive statistics, a Likert scale, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. Majority of the respondents (57.92%) were male farmers who are mostly young and agile. About fifty-six percent (55.84%) of the respondents significantly (p = 4.56) perceived that bandits use forest estates as major hideout areas. Bandits clash with security agencies in the forest, as significantly (p = 3.84) perceived by most of the respondents (78.18%). Their activities result in biodiversity destruction, degradation, and disturbance. This significantly (p = 4.28), affects the extraction, distribution, and consumption of forest resources and livelihood activities, thereby affecting other ecological, social, and economic activities. The correlation test showed a significant (p = 0.05) positive correlation (between 0.738 and 0.949) between forest ecosystems as banditry hideouts and all the identified ecological and socioeconomic implications in the area. There is a need to equip and deploy active security agencies in affected areas for effective prevention, coupled with the provision of more basic infrastructure and amenities, to restore normalcy in the area.
Akaangee et al, 2023
A field experiment was conducted in the dry seasons of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the performance ... more A field experiment was conducted in the dry seasons of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the performance of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties on yield and yield components in the Jalingo metropolis, northern Guinea savanna ecological zone of Taraba state, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The three wheat varieties used in the experiment were Cettia, Lifen and Reyna-28. They were sourced from the Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI), Maiduguri, Nigeria. The treatments were replicated three 2 times. The plot size was 3 m x 2 m (6 m). The seeds were sown by dibbling at a row spacing of 30 cm x 25 cm on th the 15 of November each year. All the required agronomic practices were carried out. Data were collected on the-2 number of spikes per m , number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, biomass yield, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. All the data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) appropriate to randomized complete block design and means were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) procedure. The results revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05)-2 among the varieties in wheat yield and yield components. Reyna-28 produced the highest number of spikes m ,-1-1 number of spikelets spike , number of grains spike , weight of 1000 grains, grain yield per hectare, biomass yield per hectare and harvest index while Linfen recorded the highest value of straw yield per hectare. In conclusion, Reyna-28 proved to be the best wheat variety for higher grain yield and most of the other traits tested. Therefore, Reyna-28 is recommended for irrigated wheat production in the study area.
Meer et al, 2023
This paper reviews the implications of anthropogenic induced perturbations on national Park range... more This paper reviews the implications of anthropogenic induced perturbations on national Park rangelands. It aimed at investigating the degradation, effects and sustainability of national park rangelands in Nigeria. The proximate causes of rangeland degradation include overgrazing, logging, hunting, unsustainable fuelwood use, mining, and plowing of rangelands with subsequent loss of soil productivity while ultimate causes are typically associated with policies, socioeconomic changes or interactions of socio economic and governance factors with climatic stressors such as drought, desertification, erosion and flood. The loss of biodiversity is the end product of a wide range of factors causing rangeland degradation. Social and economic systems provide the context and rationale for rangeland management in national parks. Sustaining rangeland ecosystems requires attention to the social, economic and ecological conditions. National parks play a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation efforts since they are the means of protecting species that cannot sustain in anthropogenic interference ecological settings. It is also the place of natural evolution and forthcoming ecological restoration. Hence, conservation of rangelands in national parks is a vital issue that needs to be addressed for sustainable development.
This paper reviews the implications of anthropogenic induced perturbations on national Park range... more This paper reviews the implications of anthropogenic induced perturbations on national Park rangelands. It aimed at investigating the degradation, effects and sustainability of national park rangelands in Nigeria. The proximate causes of rangeland degradation include overgrazing, logging, hunting, unsustainable fuelwood use, mining, and plowing of rangelands with subsequent loss of soil productivity while ultimate causes are typically associated with policies, socioeconomic changes or interactions of socio economic and governance factors with climatic stressors such as drought, desertification, erosion and flood. The loss of biodiversity is the end product of a wide range of factors causing rangeland degradation. Social and economic systems provide the context and rationale for rangeland management in national parks. Sustaining rangeland ecosystems requires attention to the social, economic and ecological conditions. National parks play a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation efforts since they are the means of protecting species that cannot sustain in anthropogenic interference ecological settings. It is also the place of natural evolution and forthcoming ecological restoration. Hence, conservation of rangelands in national parks is a vital issue that needs to be addressed for sustainable development.
Akaangee et al, 2023
Influence of nitrogen rates on the performance of Wheat varieties were investigated to determine ... more Influence of nitrogen rates on the performance of Wheat varieties were investigated to determine the effects of nitrogen rates on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the study area. The experiments were laid out in split plot design with seven nitrogen rates. The treatments were replicated three times. The sub plot size was 3 m x 2 m. The crop was planted in the middle of November, at the beginning of the dry season. Half of each nitrogen rate was applied at sowing and the other half splited into two and top dressed at early tilling and flowering stage. Data were collected on number of tillers, Plant height, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, weight of 1000 grain, biomass yield, grain yield and harvest index. All the data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) using Genstat version 4.0. The results revealed that nitrogen fertilization had significant effect (P<0.05) on wheat yield and yield components. Number of tillers was highest at 180 kg N ha-1 and variety Linfen. Similarly, Plant height was best at 180 kg N ha-1 and variety Reyna-28 while number of spikelets spike-1 was highest at 150 kg N ha-1 and variety Reyna-28 which was at par with Linfen. All the yield characters and final grain yield performed best at 120 kg N ha-1 and Reyna-28. These results indicate that, Nitrogen rate of 120 kg N ha-1 and Reyna-28 proved to be the best rate and variety for higher grain yield. Thus it is recommended that 120 kg N ha-1 and Reyna-28 be used for irrigated wheat production in the study area.
The slow growth of parkia biglobosa (Jacq (Benth)) bean has continued to posed a great challenge ... more The slow growth of parkia biglobosa (Jacq (Benth)) bean has continued to posed a great challenge to the conservators and silviculturist. This study was carried out to determine the hormonal influence of gibberellin and auxin on the early growth of parkia biglobosa under nursery condition. The experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks, where the number of leaves on the plants, the plants height and collar diameter were determined. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used for the conduction of the experiment. The experiment had three (3) treatments; T1 (gibberellin), T2 (auxin) and T3 (control) with fifteen (15) replicates per treatment. The growth parameters measured were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result from the experiment showed that the growth hormones had significant influence (p<0.05) only on the number of leaves with no significant effect (p>0.05) on plant height and collar diameter. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) (p≥0.05) was carried out for the number of leaves and the result showed that the treatment were significantly different from one another. This study therefore showed that the performance of parkia biglobosa can be improved when the seeds are treated with growth hormones at early stages as observed in the increase of number of leaves, however the limitation of the species makes the influence of the growth hormones not to be fully expressed on plant height and collar diameter.
J FES, 2023
To understand the health conditions and growth patterns of forest estate for environmental resili... more To understand the health conditions and growth patterns of forest estate for environmental resilience and climate change mitigation, assessment of structure and species diversity is paramount. This study aimed at assessing the structure, alpha, and beta diversities of tree species in three ecological zones in Taraba, Nigeria for management purposes. In recent time, no research has been reported on the structure and beta diversity of the study areas. A systematic sampling design was used for data collection. Five sample plots of 50×50 m were laid in each of the six natural forest areas. The result showed a mean DBH (42.5 cm) and a tree height (15.0 m) from the forests. The forests have a structure of an inverse "J-shape," which is typical of natural forests in the tropics. The southern Guinea savanna zone had the highest mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index (2.8). The least beta diversity index (0.02) was between Baissa and Jen Gininya forest areas. Baissa and Bakin Dutse Protected Forest Areas (PFAs) contained 76.5% of the tree species. There is a high chance of all tree species to be found in these 2 forest areas. Proximity to a location influences how similar two tree species are, according to the least beta diversity index (0.02) recorded. The Federal Government's method of management for the forest, known as Gashaka Gumti National Park, may be responsible for the high beta diversity index in the Montane ecozone. Therefore, it should be strongly encouraged to practice strict oversight of natural areas, as their contributions to reducing climate change in Taraba State, Nigeria, cannot be overstated.
Tree volume measurements are used for different purposes, such as commercial, scientific, and pol... more Tree volume measurements are used for different purposes, such as commercial, scientific, and policies-making. The species generic volume model aimed at estimating tree volumes for sustainable management of the area; which is lacking for Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve in Taraba State, Nigeria. The reserve is a protected area with high rate of exploitation and fire outbreak, losing its original landmass. Data were collected using systematic sampling design; one thousand four hundred and forty nine (1,449) lives trees with the diameter at breast height (Dbh) ≥ 10 cm were measured for Dbh (1.3 m) and total tree height. A tree mean diameter of 1.53 m, mean total height of 49.69, mean BA of 1.08 m 2 and mean volume of 34.96 m 3 were recorded in the area. Most of the individual trees (n=1,227) were in the lower diameter distribution and lower height distribution (n=1,022). The forest structure is an inverse J-shape; hence, an inverse 'J-shape' diameter distribution indicated healthy regeneration potentials. When natural regeneration occurs in an uneven forest over a long period of time, the number of trees decreases from small to high diameters. The parameters estimated indicate that the intercepts of the equations for all the models (except 3 and 5) were negative. The combined variable model of Spur which has diameter square (D 2) and total tree height (THt) as independent variables was adjudged as the most plausible and fitted model for the area. The residual scattered plot indicates good fits and confirmed the effectiveness of weighted least squares in normalizing variance.
This paper reviews the implications of environmental contamination on Nigerian biodiversity and e... more This paper reviews the implications of environmental contamination on Nigerian biodiversity and ecosystem services aimed at identifying the causes, effects and remediation strategies. Literatures on concept of environmental contamination, biodiversity and ecosystem services were discussed. Environmental contaminants are known to be naturally occurring compounds, but anthropogenic activities introduce them in large quantities in different environmental compartments. This leads to the environment's ability to foster life being reduced as biodiversity become threatened. This occurs due to accumulation of the contaminants in the biosphere as a result of widespread of contaminants and non-degradable state of most them. The paper posits that environmental problems in Nigeria generally are many, diverse in nature and are caused by human interaction with environment for exploits in a number of ways-both in the cities; where industrial activities predominate, and rural areas; where agriculture thrives. The paper observes that these problems are a consequence of environmental contaminants which eventually results to environmental contamination. Remediation of environmental contamination requires special attention to protect all spheres (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere) as a collection. The review proffers possible solutions and recommendations to restore or minimise and prevent further occurrences in Nigeria.
This study evaluated the relationship between selected physicochemical properties and microbial p... more This study evaluated the relationship between selected physicochemical properties and microbial populations of the soil of Bagale Forest Reserve, Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Five plots of 20 x 20 m were laid. Soil samples were collected from five different positions at two soil depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. The soil samples were isolated in the laboratory for microbial populations and determination of physical and chemical properties. The results obtained revealed that fungal population (7.65 x 105 cfu/ml) was the highest at the soil depth of 0-15 cm, representing 39% of the total microbial populations in the sampled soil of the study area. The results further revealed that the population (6.84 x 105 cfu/ml) of the bacteria had a positive effect on soils of the study area in terms of nitrogen fixation by Rhizobacterial spp. Chemical properties of the soil samples revealed that the available phosphorus exhibited the highest percentage (61.7%)
Materials and method Study area Taraba State lies between latitudes 6034'36"N and 9058'51"N and l... more Materials and method Study area Taraba State lies between latitudes 6034'36"N and 9058'51"N and longitudes 90 52'28"Eand120 39'51"E. It occupies a total land mass of approximately 54,473km 2 (Figure 1).
Sustainability, population and structure of woody species composition of Taraba state forests wer... more Sustainability, population and structure of woody species composition of Taraba state forests were studied for future management strategies that allow a more sustainable use of woody species and a better conservation of forest ecosystems. The objectives of the study were to study the woody species dominance, important value index and population structure in different ecological zones of Taraba State forests. Data were obtained through woody species survey and the study area was stratified into three ecological zones and two protected areas. Five plots each measuring 50×50 m were sampled in each protected area and two protected areas were also sampled from each ecological zone. A total of 30 plots and 6 protected areas were sampled and all the woody species that occurred in the plots were also sampled. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Tables, percentages, frequency, ANOVA and LSD. A total of 3760 individual Original Research Article
This study assessed woody species diversity in different ecological zones of Taraba State. The ob... more This study assessed woody species diversity in different ecological zones of Taraba State. The objectives were to determine the abundance, distribution and comparison of woody species diversity in order to protect and monitor the forest ecosystems. Data were obtained through the woody species survey, and the study area was stratified into three ecological zones and two protected areas. Five plots each measuring 50 × 50 m were sampled in each protected area. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, ANOVA and LSD. A total of 3760 individual woody stands were recorded in the study. A total of 60, 34 and 32 species were also encontered in Montane Forest, Southern and Northern Guinea Savanna, respectively. Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve had the highest species richness value (49) followed by Wasaji Forest Reserve (26) while Gashaka Gumti National Park had the lowest value (13). The Shannon diversity
The study examined the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems and the host communiti... more The study examined the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems and the host communities in the northeastern region of Benue State, Nigeria. It aims to identify the effects of banditry activities on forest ecosystems for effective prevention. Three forest reserves (Ikyo-Nyian, Ukamberagya, and Gundu-Chaha from Katsina Ala, Logo, and Ukum local government areas respectively) were purposely selected for the study. A total of 385 respondents from forest-dependent communities adjacent to these forests were sampled based on the Cochran sampling method. Descriptive statistics, a Likert scale, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. Based on this finding, the majority of the respondents (57.92%) were male farmers who are mostly young and agile. Majority (55.84%) of the respondents significantly (p = 4.56) perceived that bandits use forest estates as major hideout areas. Bandits clash with security agencies in the forest, as significantly (p = 3.84) perceived by most of the respondents (78.18%). Their activities result in biodiversity destruction, degradation, and disturbance. This significantly (p = 4.28), affects the extraction, distribution, and consumption of forest resources and livelihood activities, thereby affecting other ecological, social, and economic activities. The correlation test showed a significant (p = 0.05) positive correlation (between 0.738 and 0.949) between forest ecosystems as banditry hideouts and all the identified ecological and socio-economic implications in the area. There is a need to equip and deploy active security agencies in affected areas for effective prevention, coupled with the provision of more basic infrastructure and amenities, to restore normalcy in the area.