Mustafa Elkady | LIU - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mustafa Elkady

This work aims to investigate the mechanical response of a hierarchical carbon fibres graphene re... more This work aims to investigate the mechanical response of a hierarchical carbon fibres graphene reinforced polymer composite materials using analytical multiscale approaches. Therefore, a 2-phases graphene/polymer composite is computed under a boundary value problem. Mean-field homogenisation schemes for instance the Mori-Tanaka are applied to obtain the overall response. The modelling of 3-phases carbon fibres/graphene/polymer composite consists on a double-scale approach combining the 2phases composite as matrix phase in which are embedded the carbon fibres. The derivation of the effective properties remains analytical-based micromechanics formalism. Numerical results obtained for thermoset as well as thermoplastic matrix derive the overall nonlinear stress-strain response and show the contribution of the graphene in the enhancement of mechanical properties.

International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2020

This work presents an evaluation of bus structure during a frontal collision. A finite element (F... more This work presents an evaluation of bus structure during a frontal collision. A finite element (FE) model of a bus frontal structure has been simulated under ANSYS/explicit dynamics. Simulation investigated both front-end deformation and generated deceleration was attained byusing two different impact velocities. Lagrangian function has been used to validate the obtained energy absorption. A lumped mass model in MATLAB/Simulink has been constructed to estimate the design parameters for the proposed zones. Multi-objective function optimization strategy used Genetic Algorithm based on both acceptable deformation and deceleration limits. The experimental tests have been carried out to investigate design parameters on four different samples. Simulation results concluded that both deceleration and deformation deviated from the acceptable limits of occupant safety exceeding the first zone. According to the optimization results, the investigated bus structure produces insufficient behaviour during the first crash zone. It is recommended to increase the front zone length.

International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 2018

This paper proposes using engine's sensors data flow and exhaust emissions information to diagnos... more This paper proposes using engine's sensors data flow and exhaust emissions information to diagnose engine's faults, enhancing the accuracy of fault diagnosis. Engine fault diagnosis model is built using both this information and the mature BP neural network and genetic algorithms. In order to verify the method, we build a test platform, which includes South Korea Hyundai fault test vehicle and X-431 diagnosis instrument and AUTO5-1 exhaust gas analyzer and computer. The diagnostic accuracy rate can reach 98.33%, which is higher than using sensors data flow or the exhaust emissions information alone.

Volume 12: Transportation Systems, 2016

This paper aims to improve vehicle crashworthiness using vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) ... more This paper aims to improve vehicle crashworthiness using vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) integrated with an extendable front-end structure (extendable bumper). The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analyzing a new vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a multibody occupant mathematical model in case of vehicle-tovehicle full frontal impact. The first model integrates a vehicle dynamics model with the vehicle's front-end structure to define the vehicle body crash kinematic parameters. In this model, the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and the active suspension control system (ASC) are co-simulated, and its associated equations of motion are developed and solved numerically. The second model is used to capture the occupant kinematics during full frontal collision. The simulations show considerable improvements using VDCS with and without the extendable bumper (EB), which produces additional significant improvements for both vehicle boy acceleration and intrusion.

The main aim of this paper is to study the potential impacts in performance and energy consumptio... more The main aim of this paper is to study the potential impacts in performance and energy consumption by utilising a geared transmission in electric vehicle driveline. This is achieved by modelling and analysing the powertrain of a generic electric vehicle using Matlab/Simulink-QSS Toolkit, with and without a transmission system of varying levels of complexity, to investigate whether the addition of a gearbox results in significant values of predicted efficiency gains. Predicted results are compared for a typical electrical vehicle (EV) in three cases: without a gearbox, with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), and with a conventional stepped gearbox. Predictions are made over the standard driving cycles. One of the critical features in this paper is the usage of the electric motor in its region of high efficiency. Consequently, two motors are modeled in this work in order to understand the sensitivity of the results to the assumptions about motor efficiency maps. These motors will be referred to as a theoretical motor derived from generic equations and a practical motor which is effectively a look-up map from the manufacturers' data. The results showed that it is possible to improve overall performance and energy consumption levels using a continuously variable ratio gearbox.

Advances in Automobile Engineering, 2013

The main aim of this paper is to study the potential impacts in hybrid and full electrical vehicl... more The main aim of this paper is to study the potential impacts in hybrid and full electrical vehicles performance by utilising continuously variable transmissions. This is achieved by two stages. First, for Electrical Vehicles (EVs), modelling and analysing the powertrain of a generic electric vehicle is developed using Matlab/Simulink-QSS Toolkit, with and without a transmission system of varying levels of complexity. Predicted results are compared for a typical electrical vehicle in three cases: without a gearbox, with a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), and with a conventional stepped gearbox. Second, for Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEVs), a twin epicyclic power split transmission model is used. Computer programmes for the analysis of epicyclic transmission based on a matrix method are developed and used. Two vehicle models are built-up; namely: traditional ICE vehicle, and HEV with a twin epicyclic gearbox. Predictions for both stages are made over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC).The simulations show that the twin epicyclic offers substantial improvements of reduction in energy consumption in HEVs. The results also show that it is possible to improve overall performance and energy consumption levels using a continuously variable ratio gearbox in EVs.

2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2011

ABSTRACT The aims of this research are to investigate the effect of the vehicle dynamics control ... more ABSTRACT The aims of this research are to investigate the effect of the vehicle dynamics control systems on vehicle collision mitigation and to use them to improve vehicle collision performance in full and offset crash scenarios. For this approach, vehicle dynamics are studied together with the vehicle crash structural dynamics. A proposed unique 3-D full-car vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model is established and developed in this paper to discuss the effect of vehicle dynamics characteristics on different vehicle crash scenarios. In this study, the unavoidable collision and the type of crash (full/offset crash) are detected using the advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS). Validation of the vehicle crash structure in the proposed mathematical model is achieved to ensure that the modeling of crumple zone gives accurate results. It is demonstrated from the simulations that the vehicle dynamic response and crash scenarios are captured and analyzed accurately. It is also shown that the mathematical model is flexible and useful in optimization studies.

Applied Surface Science, 2014

Abstract Electric contact surface hardening was based on the application of contact resistance he... more Abstract Electric contact surface hardening was based on the application of contact resistance heating between the electrode and work piece, which makes use of the rapid and cooling cycles produced on metals surface without affecting the bulk of the work piece. Surface performance can be enhanced through the phase transformations that take place during the mentioned thermal cycles. In this work, the temperature field of strengthened layer on electric contact strengthening was simulated using ANSYS software; the depth and width of strengthened layer were calculated. Moreover, the effect of main processing parameters on strengthened layer was simulated. Finally, some experiments have been carried out to harden the surface of ductile iron by self-developed electric contact surface strengthening device to verify the simulated results. It is found that the error was controlled in 15% reposefully, which represents the simulated result and experimental results to a certain degree are in good agreement.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics, 2012

The aim of this research is to apply vehicle dynamics control systems to mitigate the vehicle col... more The aim of this research is to apply vehicle dynamics control systems to mitigate the vehicle collision and study the effects of these systems on the kinematic behaviour of the vehicle’s occupant. An unique three-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a simplified lumped mass occupant model are developed. The first model is used to define the vehicle body crash parameters and it integrates a vehicle dynamics model with a vehicle front-end structure model. In this model, the anti-lock braking system and active suspension control system are co-simulated, and its associated equations of motion are developed. The second model aims to predict the effect of vehicle dynamics control systems on the kinematics of the occupant. The Lagrange’s equations are used to solve that model due to the complexity of the obtained equations of motion. It is shown from the numerical simulations that the vehicle dynamics/crash response and occupant behaviour can be captured and anal...

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2012

This paper aims to apply a vehicle dynamics control system to mitigate a vehicle collision and to... more This paper aims to apply a vehicle dynamics control system to mitigate a vehicle collision and to study the effects of this systems on the kinematic behaviour of the vehicle’s occupant. A unique three-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics–crash mathematical model and a simplified lumped-mass occupant model are developed. The first model is used to define the vehicle body’s crash parameters and it integrates a vehicle dynamics model with a model of the vehicle’s front-end structure. In this model, the anti-lock braking system and the active suspension control system are co-simulated, and the associated equations of motion are developed. The second model aims to predict the effect of the vehicle dynamics control system on the kinematics of the occupant. The Lagrange equations are used to solve that model owing to the complexity of the obtained equations of motion. It is shown from the numerical simulations that the vehicle dynamics–crash response and occupant behaviour can be captured an...

The aim of this paper is to enhance vehicle safety and crashworthiness in full frontal collision ... more The aim of this paper is to enhance vehicle safety and crashworthiness in full frontal collision scenarios using vehicle dynamics control systems integrated with an extendable bumper. The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analysing a new vehicle dynamics/crash-mathematical model in case of vehicle-to-barrier full frontal collision. This model integrates a vehicle dynamics model with the vehicle’s front-end structure to define the vehicle body crash kinematic parameters. In this model, the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and the active suspension control system (ASC) are co-simulated, and its associated equations of motion are developed. This study shows that the minimum vehicle crumble zone’s deformation is achieved when the ABS alongside under pitch control (UPC) is applied with the extendable bumper, while the minimum pitch angle of the vehicle body and acceleration are obtained when the ABS alongside UPC technique is applied without the extendable bumper.

Occupant safety is one of the most important issues for vehicle manufacturing. Active safety play... more Occupant safety is one of the most important issues for vehicle manufacturing. Active safety plays an important role to protect the occupant during the crash events. In this paper, vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) are used to enhance the occupant safety in offset frontal vehicle collision. VDCS are activated to optimize the vehicle in impending collision. A new mathematical modelling of the vehicle alongside VDCS is developed to study the effect of vehicle dynamics control systems on vehicle collision mitigation. A multi -body occupant mathematical model is developed to capture the occupant kinematics during frontal offset collision. Different cases of vehicle dynamics control systems have been used to show their effect on the occupant dynamic response. The occupant deceleration and the occupant's chest and head rotational acceleration are used as injury criteria. It is shown from the numerical simulations that the occupant behaviour can be captured and analysed quickly a...

Nowadays, occupant safety becomes one of the most important research area and the automotive indu... more Nowadays, occupant safety becomes one of the most important research area and the automotive industry increased their efforts for enhancing the safety of the vehicles. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) on both the collision of the vehicle body and the kinematics behaviour of the vehicle’s occupant. In this work, a novel vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model is proposed and developed to co-simulate the crash event with the VDCS. This model is achieved using the novel approach of integrating front-end structure and vehicle dynamics mathematical models. The proposed mathematical model integrates both anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and active suspension control (ASC) systems alongside with crash structure modelling. This model is developed by generating its equations of motion and solving them numerically, this approach is used due to its quick and accurate analysis. In addition, a new multi-body occupant mathematical m...

Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the effect of vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) o... more The aim of this chapter is to investigate the effect of vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) on both the collision of the vehicle body and the kinematic behaviour of the vehicle's occupant in case of offset frontal vehicle-to-vehicle collision. The study also investigates the full-frontal vehicle-to-barrier crash scenario. A unique 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a simplified lumped mass occupant model are developed. The first model is used to define the vehicle body crash parameters and it integrates a vehicle dynamics model with a vehicle front-end structure model. The second model aims to predict the effect of VDCS on the kinematics of the occupant. It is shown from the numerical simulations that the vehicle dynamics/crash response and occupant behaviour can be captured and analysed quickly and accurately. Furthermore, it is shown that the VDCS can affect the crash characteristics positively and the occupant behaviour is improved in the full and offset crash scenarios.

Journal of Power Sources

This paper focuses on state of charge (SOC) dependent mechanical failure analysis of 18650 lithiu... more This paper focuses on state of charge (SOC) dependent mechanical failure analysis of 18650 lithium-ion battery to detect signs of thermal runaway. Quasi-static loading conditions are used with four test protocols (Rod, Circular punch, three-point bend and flat plate) to analyse the propagation of mechanical failures and failure induced temperature changes. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to model single battery cell with the concentric layered formation which represents a complete cell. The numerical simulation model is designed with solid element formation where stell casing and all layers followed the same formation, and fine mesh is used for all layers. Experimental work is also performed to analyse deformation of 18650 lithium-ion cell. The numerical simulation model is validated with experimental results. Deformation of cell mimics thermal runaway and various thermal runaway detection strategies are employed in this work including, force-displacement, voltage-temperature, stress-strain, SOC dependency and separator failure. Results show that cell can undergo severe conditions even with no fracture or rupture, these conditions may slow to develop but they can lead to catastrophic failures. The numerical simulation technique is proved to be useful in predicting initial battery failures, and results are in good correlation with the experimental results.

Energy Procedia

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are considered efficient energy source for current electric vehicl... more Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are considered efficient energy source for current electric vehicles (EVs) due to better power and energy densities; however, safety of these batteries is vital when it comes to large scale deployment. Short circuit of batteries is one of the concern as it can spread quickly within battery module or pack if not controlled at cell level. In this paper single lithium-ion battery cell is investigated where two mechanical abuse conditions, compression and bending are used to investigate short circuit and propagation of failures due to short circuit. Quasi-static loading approach is used for mechanical abuse conditions. Numerical simulation tool LS-DYNA is used to model battery cell where each layer thickness is considered 0.3mm and concentric layered formation is used for this purpose. Separator failures are analysed using simulation models, where at maximum displacement separator temperature increases significantly and drop in force is observed, another significant finding from separator layer analysis is the high-temperature locations. In the case of three-point bend test which has immediate short circuit response and circular punch test where a slow build-up of short circuit is evident from experiment, separator failure occurs well in advance for short circuit.

International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2015

The aim of this paper is to enhance crashworthiness in the case of vehicle-to-barrier full fronta... more The aim of this paper is to enhance crashworthiness in the case of vehicle-to-barrier full frontal collision using vehicle dynamics control systems integrated with an extendable bumper. The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analysing a new vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a multi-body occupant mathematical model. The first model integrates a vehicle dynamics model with the vehicle's front-end structure to define the vehicle's body crash kinematic parameters. In this model, the antilock braking system (ABS) and the active suspension control system (ASC) are cosimulated, and its associated equations of motion are developed. The second model is used to capture the occupant kinematics during full-frontal collision. The numerical simulations show that in the case of using the extendable bumper, the crash energy absorbed is considerable compared to traditional structure. Therefore, the minimum vehicle crumble zone's deformation is obtained when the ABS alongside under pitch control (UPC) is applied with the extendable bumper. The minimum pitch angle of the vehicle body and acceleration are obtained when the ABS alongside UPC technique is applied without the extendable bumper. The occupant deceleration and the occupant's chest and head rotational acceleration are used as injury criteria. The longitudinal displacement and acceleration of the occupant is extremely decreased when the extendable bumper is used. It is also shown that the VDCS can affect the crash characteristics and the occupant safety positively, whereas the rotations angle and acceleration of the occupant chest and head are significantly reduced.