marton medgyesi | TÁRKI Social Research Institute (original) (raw)
Papers by marton medgyesi
Values and norms regarding income inequalities are important in the determination of both primary... more Values and norms regarding income inequalities are important in the determination of both primary (pre-tax) incomes and the extent of redistribution through taxes and transfers. This research note, based on the 2009 Special Eurobarometer on poverty and social exclusion, first presents a country-level analysis of the relationship between measured levels of inequality on the one hand and inequality tolerance and redistributive preference on the other hand. It shows that attitudes to inequality differ widely between EU countries and there is a substantial internal variance in most of the countries. It is also shown that inequality tolerance – which is to some extent a proxy for inequality perceptions do not always correspond to measured income inequality indicators. After testing various inequality and poverty measures, the analysis concludes that country level differences of inequality tolerance is most likely driven by levels of relative poverty. Using both time series and cross sect...
PLOS ONE, 2021
Social scientists identify two core functions of modern welfare states as redistribution across (... more Social scientists identify two core functions of modern welfare states as redistribution across (a) socio-economic status groups (Robin Hood) and (b) ‘the lifecycle’ (the piggy bank). But what is the relative importance of these functions? The answer has been elusive, as the piggy bank is metaphorical. The intra-personal time-travel of resources it implies is based on non-quid-pro-quo transfers. In practice, ‘lifecycle redistribution’ must operate through inter-age-group resource reallocation in cross-section. Since at any time different birth cohorts live together, ‘resource-productive’ working-aged people are taxed to finance consumption of ‘resource-dependent’ younger and older people. In a novel decomposition analysis, we study the joint distribution of socio-economic status, age, and respectively (a) all cash and in-kind transfers (‘benefits’), (b) financing contributions (‘taxes’), and (c) resulting ‘net benefits,’ on a sample of over 400,000 Europeans from 22 EU countries. Eu...
Az OTKA T 46648 sz. kutatásának zárójelentése A megpályázott kutatás tematikus célja az volt, hog... more Az OTKA T 46648 sz. kutatásának zárójelentése A megpályázott kutatás tematikus célja az volt, hogy tovább bővítsük ismereteinket a hazai munkaattitűdök alakulásáról, időbeli változásáról és azonosságairól vagy különbségeiről a más, volt szocialista vagy stabil piacgazdaságú országokban megfigyelhető munkaattitűdökhöz képest. A kutatás során egy erre vonatkozó empirikus adatfelvételt végeztünk el, amely egyfelől időben ismétlés jellegű, másfelől egy nemzetközi összehasonlító kutatás tematikájába (International Social Survey Programme, Work Module) illeszkedett. Az időbeli összehasonlítás szempontjából ez a téma eddig már kétszer szerepelt az ISSP éves programjában, 1989-ben és 1997-ben. Ez lehetővé tette, hogy a témában három olyan időpont által kijelölt "pillérre" építsünk, mint egy rendszerváltozás előtti (szocialista) időpont, egy rendszerváltozás utáni (átmeneti) időpont és egy az Európai Unióhoz való csatlakozás utáni időpont. A 4 éves kutatás 2004-2007 között teljes mértékben a pályázati terv szerint folyt, ami összhangban volt az ISSP elvárásaival is, mind az ütemezés, mind a tartalmi megvalósítás szempontjából. Eszerint 2004-ben Magyarország (a TÁRKI) részt vett annak a drafting group-nak (Németország, Japán, Izrael, Svédország, Dél-Afrika, Venezuela) a munkájában, amelyik összeállította az ISSP Work Module III. kérdőívet. Ezt követően 2005-ben elvégeztük az angol (core) kérdőív magyar adaptálását (többszöri fordítás, ellenőrzés, a demográfiai háttérváltozók kialakítása), majd lebonyolítottuk magát az adatfelvételt. Ehhez az un. csökkenős mintavételi eljárást alkalmaztuk. Többlépcsős (területi, személyi) véletlen mintavétel után 2225 induló cím alapján az értékelhető kérdőívek száma 1012 lett, ami megfelel az ISSP "minimum 1000 fős" elvárásának. Az adatok tisztítására, javítására, valamint a nemzetközi összehasonlítás kívánalmainak megfelelő angol nyelvű adatbázis elkészítésére 2006-ban került sor. Ugyanebben az évben egy másik fontos adatbázis építési feladatot is elvégeztünk, nevezetesen az 1989-es, 1997-es és a 2006-os adatok alapján brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007
UNDP (2005): Faces of poverty, faces of hope. Vulnerability profiles for decade of Roma inclusion... more UNDP (2005): Faces of poverty, faces of hope. Vulnerability profiles for decade of Roma inclusion countries. Bratislava: United Nations Development Programme.
Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries, 2014
Introduction This report describes the results of work package 5 of the European research project... more Introduction This report describes the results of work package 5 of the European research project Growing Inequalities’ Impacts (GINI). The GINI project is funded by the seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission. Its main mission is to study the effects of economic and educational inequalities on a wide range of outcomes, including housing, health, family formation, living standards, political participation, social trust and value orientations. Furthermore, the GINI project assesses not only whether inequality is related to such outcomes, but whether public policies have modifi ed or mitigated undesirable outcomes related to inequalities. ....
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
What are the net resource transfer burdens of working-age parents and non-parents in Europe? We e... more What are the net resource transfer burdens of working-age parents and non-parents in Europe? We estimate all cash, in-kind, and time transfers of the market economy and the household economy, through both public and familial channels, for fourteen European countries in the early 2000s. We advance National Transfer Accounts methodology by splitting up macroaggregates into three groups: parents, non-parents living in childless households and nonparents cohabiting with children. We find that non-parents contribute almost exclusively to public transfers in net terms, somewhat more than parents do. But parents provide, in addition, a still larger amount of familial transfers. As a result, parents contribute on average 1.8 times as many net transfers as non-parents do, overall. Especially in view of the public good nature of children and contemporary rates of childlessness in Europe, this asymmetric transfer burden carries multiple implications for debates on public policy and a just society.
The purpose of this Research Note is to examine the extent to which it is possible from the data ... more The purpose of this Research Note is to examine the extent to which it is possible from the data in the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and in the European Labour Force Survey (LFS) to construct a composite index of well-being at regional level in the EU. The aim is to complement the European Pillar of Social Rights, which is at present under development, by providing a means of assessing disparities in the various aspects of socio-economic well-being across EU regions and of monitoring the process of convergence, or divergence, over time. It starts from a notion of well-being that is multi-dimensional. The dimensions considered here are income, or more especially, the extent of poverty and social exclusion, employment and access to good quality jobs, access to a decent education and training, health and access to healthcare, the state of housing and the availability of care services. In each case, the concern is to examine the extent to which it is possible to formulate reasonable indicators at NUTS 2 regional level of these dimensions from the data available in the EU-SILC and LFS.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Turkey has shown that it can achieve very high growth rates on a sustainable basis, provided ther... more Turkey has shown that it can achieve very high growth rates on a sustainable basis, provided there is political stability. In this regard, the prospect of becoming a full member of the EU is the strongest anchor for political, and hence economic, stability.
… Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 2011
The paper, based on recent EU-SILC data, investigates the patterns of income inequalities in "old... more The paper, based on recent EU-SILC data, investigates the patterns of income inequalities in "old" and "new" EU member states. We describe income inequality within countries as well as income differences between states and test our results using different methodological assumptions. Our results show that the group of new member states was no less heterogeneous in terms of inequality and poverty than the EU15 at the time of EU enlargement. The most important difference between the two country groups is found in their GDP levels and in some measures that are directly related to economic development. We observed that sensitivity to changes in the equivalence scales is not systematically related to membership status; thus for overall inequality comparisons of countries, a standard scale seems appropriate. The possibility of a difference between "old" and "new" EU member states in the role of incomes in generating overall welfare of households calls, however, for caution in interpretation.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
This country report surveys the economic and social development of Romania. It shows that most of... more This country report surveys the economic and social development of Romania. It shows that most of Romania's social indicators lag behind those of the EU. Persistent macroeconomic imbalances have slowed the real and nominal convergence process. The economy is still affected by low levels of competitiveness, incomplete restructuring, modest productivity in agriculture, a high level of employment in subsistence agriculture and slow disinflation.
Thirty Countries' Experiences, 2014
A kutatás legfontosabb eredményei az International Social Survey Programme 2007-es Sport és Szaba... more A kutatás legfontosabb eredményei az International Social Survey Programme 2007-es Sport és Szabadidő, valamint 2008-as Vallás modulok adatfelvételeinek lebonyolítása volt. Megtörtént a kutatások magyar nyelvű adatfájljának archiválása a Tárki Adatbankba és az angol nyelvű system file elkészítése és archiválása a Zentralarchiv adatbankjába. Az ISSP jelenleg a legtöbb országot tartalmazó, egységes szociológiai mérőeszközt alkalmazó, rendszeresen működő nemzetközi összehasonlító vizsgálat. Az ISSP kutatások már eddig is igen sokban járultak hozzá hazai tudományos ismereteink gyarapításához. Számos, hazai illetve külföldi kolléga használta fel őket s publikált belőlük magyar illetve angol nyelven, ami javította a magyar szociológia nemzetközi megítélését, emelte presztízsét. | Most important results of research are that fieldworks of the 2007 Leisure Time and Sport Module and 2008 Religion Module of the International Social Survey Programme have been carried out. Hungarian data files o...
Croatian Economic Survey, 2010
Review of Sociology, 2003
The analysis approaches satisfaction with work as affected by demographic and social characterist... more The analysis approaches satisfaction with work as affected by demographic and social characteristics as well as by labor market and labor organization position. Furthermore the impact of expectations to and evaluation of the job is also considered. The international variation in the explanatory mechanisms of satisfaction with work is analyzed by comparing five groups of European societies. First, distinction is made between 'old' European market economies and 'new' post-socialist countries. Second, based on economic indicators, the first group of countries is divided into three subgroups: West (Center 1), Scandinavia (Center 2), and Periphery, while the second group of countries is divided into more developed and less developed transition societies. The ISSP 1997 Work Orientation Module data are used for the analysis. Only respondents in labor force are analyzed (N=11739). The paper presents descriptive statistics for the clusters of the countries as well as for the dependent and independent variables in the analysis. Then, ordered logit models are used to predicting satisfaction with work. The explanatory variables contain objective status indicators, subjective evaluation of the job, the country groups and interaction terms. Results reveal that both status indicators and attitudes toward the job are significant predictors of the general satisfaction in agreement with gender paradox, life cycle, reference-group and status discrepancy hypotheses. However, these explanatory mechanisms vary a lot by the groups of countries. If controlling for composition effects within these groups of countries, Scandinavia turns out to be a place with highest satisfaction and developed transition societies are characterized by the lowest satisfaction with work.
Values and norms regarding income inequalities are important in the determination of both primary... more Values and norms regarding income inequalities are important in the determination of both primary (pre-tax) incomes and the extent of redistribution through taxes and transfers. This research note, based on the 2009 Special Eurobarometer on poverty and social exclusion, first presents a country-level analysis of the relationship between measured levels of inequality on the one hand and inequality tolerance and redistributive preference on the other hand. It shows that attitudes to inequality differ widely between EU countries and there is a substantial internal variance in most of the countries. It is also shown that inequality tolerance – which is to some extent a proxy for inequality perceptions - do not always correspond to measured income inequality indicators. After testing various inequality and poverty measures, the analysis concludes that country level differences of inequality tolerance is most likely driven by levels of relative poverty. Using both time series and cross sectional analysis, the research note examines how the overall level of income inequality and poverty and a change in these relates to the measured level of acceptance of inequalities. Multivariate analysis shows that inequality attitudes on a personal level are driven by general
political attitudes and subjective evaluation of the personal situation of the respondents, rather than by (education or labour market related) socio-economic factors.
Values and norms regarding income inequalities are important in the determination of both primary... more Values and norms regarding income inequalities are important in the determination of both primary (pre-tax) incomes and the extent of redistribution through taxes and transfers. This research note, based on the 2009 Special Eurobarometer on poverty and social exclusion, first presents a country-level analysis of the relationship between measured levels of inequality on the one hand and inequality tolerance and redistributive preference on the other hand. It shows that attitudes to inequality differ widely between EU countries and there is a substantial internal variance in most of the countries. It is also shown that inequality tolerance – which is to some extent a proxy for inequality perceptions do not always correspond to measured income inequality indicators. After testing various inequality and poverty measures, the analysis concludes that country level differences of inequality tolerance is most likely driven by levels of relative poverty. Using both time series and cross sect...
PLOS ONE, 2021
Social scientists identify two core functions of modern welfare states as redistribution across (... more Social scientists identify two core functions of modern welfare states as redistribution across (a) socio-economic status groups (Robin Hood) and (b) ‘the lifecycle’ (the piggy bank). But what is the relative importance of these functions? The answer has been elusive, as the piggy bank is metaphorical. The intra-personal time-travel of resources it implies is based on non-quid-pro-quo transfers. In practice, ‘lifecycle redistribution’ must operate through inter-age-group resource reallocation in cross-section. Since at any time different birth cohorts live together, ‘resource-productive’ working-aged people are taxed to finance consumption of ‘resource-dependent’ younger and older people. In a novel decomposition analysis, we study the joint distribution of socio-economic status, age, and respectively (a) all cash and in-kind transfers (‘benefits’), (b) financing contributions (‘taxes’), and (c) resulting ‘net benefits,’ on a sample of over 400,000 Europeans from 22 EU countries. Eu...
Az OTKA T 46648 sz. kutatásának zárójelentése A megpályázott kutatás tematikus célja az volt, hog... more Az OTKA T 46648 sz. kutatásának zárójelentése A megpályázott kutatás tematikus célja az volt, hogy tovább bővítsük ismereteinket a hazai munkaattitűdök alakulásáról, időbeli változásáról és azonosságairól vagy különbségeiről a más, volt szocialista vagy stabil piacgazdaságú országokban megfigyelhető munkaattitűdökhöz képest. A kutatás során egy erre vonatkozó empirikus adatfelvételt végeztünk el, amely egyfelől időben ismétlés jellegű, másfelől egy nemzetközi összehasonlító kutatás tematikájába (International Social Survey Programme, Work Module) illeszkedett. Az időbeli összehasonlítás szempontjából ez a téma eddig már kétszer szerepelt az ISSP éves programjában, 1989-ben és 1997-ben. Ez lehetővé tette, hogy a témában három olyan időpont által kijelölt "pillérre" építsünk, mint egy rendszerváltozás előtti (szocialista) időpont, egy rendszerváltozás utáni (átmeneti) időpont és egy az Európai Unióhoz való csatlakozás utáni időpont. A 4 éves kutatás 2004-2007 között teljes mértékben a pályázati terv szerint folyt, ami összhangban volt az ISSP elvárásaival is, mind az ütemezés, mind a tartalmi megvalósítás szempontjából. Eszerint 2004-ben Magyarország (a TÁRKI) részt vett annak a drafting group-nak (Németország, Japán, Izrael, Svédország, Dél-Afrika, Venezuela) a munkájában, amelyik összeállította az ISSP Work Module III. kérdőívet. Ezt követően 2005-ben elvégeztük az angol (core) kérdőív magyar adaptálását (többszöri fordítás, ellenőrzés, a demográfiai háttérváltozók kialakítása), majd lebonyolítottuk magát az adatfelvételt. Ehhez az un. csökkenős mintavételi eljárást alkalmaztuk. Többlépcsős (területi, személyi) véletlen mintavétel után 2225 induló cím alapján az értékelhető kérdőívek száma 1012 lett, ami megfelel az ISSP "minimum 1000 fős" elvárásának. Az adatok tisztítására, javítására, valamint a nemzetközi összehasonlítás kívánalmainak megfelelő angol nyelvű adatbázis elkészítésére 2006-ban került sor. Ugyanebben az évben egy másik fontos adatbázis építési feladatot is elvégeztünk, nevezetesen az 1989-es, 1997-es és a 2006-os adatok alapján brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007
UNDP (2005): Faces of poverty, faces of hope. Vulnerability profiles for decade of Roma inclusion... more UNDP (2005): Faces of poverty, faces of hope. Vulnerability profiles for decade of Roma inclusion countries. Bratislava: United Nations Development Programme.
Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries, 2014
Introduction This report describes the results of work package 5 of the European research project... more Introduction This report describes the results of work package 5 of the European research project Growing Inequalities’ Impacts (GINI). The GINI project is funded by the seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission. Its main mission is to study the effects of economic and educational inequalities on a wide range of outcomes, including housing, health, family formation, living standards, political participation, social trust and value orientations. Furthermore, the GINI project assesses not only whether inequality is related to such outcomes, but whether public policies have modifi ed or mitigated undesirable outcomes related to inequalities. ....
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
What are the net resource transfer burdens of working-age parents and non-parents in Europe? We e... more What are the net resource transfer burdens of working-age parents and non-parents in Europe? We estimate all cash, in-kind, and time transfers of the market economy and the household economy, through both public and familial channels, for fourteen European countries in the early 2000s. We advance National Transfer Accounts methodology by splitting up macroaggregates into three groups: parents, non-parents living in childless households and nonparents cohabiting with children. We find that non-parents contribute almost exclusively to public transfers in net terms, somewhat more than parents do. But parents provide, in addition, a still larger amount of familial transfers. As a result, parents contribute on average 1.8 times as many net transfers as non-parents do, overall. Especially in view of the public good nature of children and contemporary rates of childlessness in Europe, this asymmetric transfer burden carries multiple implications for debates on public policy and a just society.
The purpose of this Research Note is to examine the extent to which it is possible from the data ... more The purpose of this Research Note is to examine the extent to which it is possible from the data in the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and in the European Labour Force Survey (LFS) to construct a composite index of well-being at regional level in the EU. The aim is to complement the European Pillar of Social Rights, which is at present under development, by providing a means of assessing disparities in the various aspects of socio-economic well-being across EU regions and of monitoring the process of convergence, or divergence, over time. It starts from a notion of well-being that is multi-dimensional. The dimensions considered here are income, or more especially, the extent of poverty and social exclusion, employment and access to good quality jobs, access to a decent education and training, health and access to healthcare, the state of housing and the availability of care services. In each case, the concern is to examine the extent to which it is possible to formulate reasonable indicators at NUTS 2 regional level of these dimensions from the data available in the EU-SILC and LFS.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Turkey has shown that it can achieve very high growth rates on a sustainable basis, provided ther... more Turkey has shown that it can achieve very high growth rates on a sustainable basis, provided there is political stability. In this regard, the prospect of becoming a full member of the EU is the strongest anchor for political, and hence economic, stability.
… Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 2011
The paper, based on recent EU-SILC data, investigates the patterns of income inequalities in "old... more The paper, based on recent EU-SILC data, investigates the patterns of income inequalities in "old" and "new" EU member states. We describe income inequality within countries as well as income differences between states and test our results using different methodological assumptions. Our results show that the group of new member states was no less heterogeneous in terms of inequality and poverty than the EU15 at the time of EU enlargement. The most important difference between the two country groups is found in their GDP levels and in some measures that are directly related to economic development. We observed that sensitivity to changes in the equivalence scales is not systematically related to membership status; thus for overall inequality comparisons of countries, a standard scale seems appropriate. The possibility of a difference between "old" and "new" EU member states in the role of incomes in generating overall welfare of households calls, however, for caution in interpretation.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
This country report surveys the economic and social development of Romania. It shows that most of... more This country report surveys the economic and social development of Romania. It shows that most of Romania's social indicators lag behind those of the EU. Persistent macroeconomic imbalances have slowed the real and nominal convergence process. The economy is still affected by low levels of competitiveness, incomplete restructuring, modest productivity in agriculture, a high level of employment in subsistence agriculture and slow disinflation.
Thirty Countries' Experiences, 2014
A kutatás legfontosabb eredményei az International Social Survey Programme 2007-es Sport és Szaba... more A kutatás legfontosabb eredményei az International Social Survey Programme 2007-es Sport és Szabadidő, valamint 2008-as Vallás modulok adatfelvételeinek lebonyolítása volt. Megtörtént a kutatások magyar nyelvű adatfájljának archiválása a Tárki Adatbankba és az angol nyelvű system file elkészítése és archiválása a Zentralarchiv adatbankjába. Az ISSP jelenleg a legtöbb országot tartalmazó, egységes szociológiai mérőeszközt alkalmazó, rendszeresen működő nemzetközi összehasonlító vizsgálat. Az ISSP kutatások már eddig is igen sokban járultak hozzá hazai tudományos ismereteink gyarapításához. Számos, hazai illetve külföldi kolléga használta fel őket s publikált belőlük magyar illetve angol nyelven, ami javította a magyar szociológia nemzetközi megítélését, emelte presztízsét. | Most important results of research are that fieldworks of the 2007 Leisure Time and Sport Module and 2008 Religion Module of the International Social Survey Programme have been carried out. Hungarian data files o...
Croatian Economic Survey, 2010
Review of Sociology, 2003
The analysis approaches satisfaction with work as affected by demographic and social characterist... more The analysis approaches satisfaction with work as affected by demographic and social characteristics as well as by labor market and labor organization position. Furthermore the impact of expectations to and evaluation of the job is also considered. The international variation in the explanatory mechanisms of satisfaction with work is analyzed by comparing five groups of European societies. First, distinction is made between 'old' European market economies and 'new' post-socialist countries. Second, based on economic indicators, the first group of countries is divided into three subgroups: West (Center 1), Scandinavia (Center 2), and Periphery, while the second group of countries is divided into more developed and less developed transition societies. The ISSP 1997 Work Orientation Module data are used for the analysis. Only respondents in labor force are analyzed (N=11739). The paper presents descriptive statistics for the clusters of the countries as well as for the dependent and independent variables in the analysis. Then, ordered logit models are used to predicting satisfaction with work. The explanatory variables contain objective status indicators, subjective evaluation of the job, the country groups and interaction terms. Results reveal that both status indicators and attitudes toward the job are significant predictors of the general satisfaction in agreement with gender paradox, life cycle, reference-group and status discrepancy hypotheses. However, these explanatory mechanisms vary a lot by the groups of countries. If controlling for composition effects within these groups of countries, Scandinavia turns out to be a place with highest satisfaction and developed transition societies are characterized by the lowest satisfaction with work.
Values and norms regarding income inequalities are important in the determination of both primary... more Values and norms regarding income inequalities are important in the determination of both primary (pre-tax) incomes and the extent of redistribution through taxes and transfers. This research note, based on the 2009 Special Eurobarometer on poverty and social exclusion, first presents a country-level analysis of the relationship between measured levels of inequality on the one hand and inequality tolerance and redistributive preference on the other hand. It shows that attitudes to inequality differ widely between EU countries and there is a substantial internal variance in most of the countries. It is also shown that inequality tolerance – which is to some extent a proxy for inequality perceptions - do not always correspond to measured income inequality indicators. After testing various inequality and poverty measures, the analysis concludes that country level differences of inequality tolerance is most likely driven by levels of relative poverty. Using both time series and cross sectional analysis, the research note examines how the overall level of income inequality and poverty and a change in these relates to the measured level of acceptance of inequalities. Multivariate analysis shows that inequality attitudes on a personal level are driven by general
political attitudes and subjective evaluation of the personal situation of the respondents, rather than by (education or labour market related) socio-economic factors.