Iñigo Adin Marcos | Tecnun (original) (raw)
Papers by Iñigo Adin Marcos
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2011
A decreasing-sized -model electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure is presented and app... more A decreasing-sized -model electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure is presented and applied to protect against ESD stresses at the RF input pad of an ultra-low power CMOS front-end operating in the 2.4-GHz industrial-scien- tific-medical band. The proposed ESD protection structure is composed of a pair of ESD devices located near the RF pad, another pair close to the core circuit, and a high-quality inte- grated inductor connecting these two pairs. This structure can sustain a human body-model ESD level higher than 16 kV and a machine-model ESD level higher than 1 kV without degrading the RF performance of the front-end. A combined on-wafer trans- mission line pulse and RF test methodology for RF circuits is also presented confirming previous results. The front-end implements a zero-IF receiver. It has been implemented in a standard 2P6M 0.18- m CMOS process. It exhibits a voltage gain of 24 dB and a single-sideband noise figure of 8.4 dB, which make it suitable for most of the 2.4-GHz wireless short-range communication transceivers. The power consumption is only 1.06 mW from a 1.2-V voltage supply. Index Terms—Electrostatic discharge (ESD), decreasing-sized -model ESD (DS- ESD), low-noise amplifier (LNA), low-power CMOS radio, mixer, zero-IF receiver.
This paper presents the course of Laboratory of Electronic Circuit Design offered by TECNUN (Escu... more This paper presents the course of Laboratory of Electronic Circuit Design offered by TECNUN (Escuela de Ingenieros de San Sebastian – Universidad de Navarra). The aim of this course is to bring the student closer to the professional electronic circuit design world .The methodology of this practical course is innovative. The educational resources used consist of a professional CAD tool for electronic design (Cadence), the use of English as the “official language” of the course, 8 practical cases, 3 competitive challenges among the students and Figure Of Merits (FOM) for the evaluation of these milestones. The course is laid out following a progressive learning curve, after which the students are highly prepared to link the theoretical trends to real circuits, and combine basic blocks to build complex circuits such as Operational Amplifiers. The good results obtained by the students in the final year exams, in front of designers’ panels or even in the polls conducted at the end of the...
Safety-critical equipment depends on the study of functional, thermal, EMC (Electromagnetic Compa... more Safety-critical equipment depends on the study of functional, thermal, EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) and RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety) fields. The variation of one area characteristic could result in a failure to fulfil safety requirements. Traditionally, thermal, EMC or RAMS issues were only considered once the design was done. This paper proposes a novel analogue equipment design methodology by studying these areas dependently from the beginning of the design process. Each area requirements and design parameters and the relation among them are defined qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on these dependences among all the areas, the cross-influence of each parameter variation in other areas requirements is demonstrated. The obtained results are intended to aid the fulfilment of requirements of the design of any safety critical analogue circuit, and to help designers to know beforehand the consequences of any change in the design, saving time and money. The application of this methodology in a SIL 2 RF transmitter is shown and the improvement and worsening of requirements depending on the parameters variation is exposed.
Transportation Research Procedia, 2016
The suitability of EGNSS (including EGNOS and Galileo early services) for safety railway applicat... more The suitability of EGNSS (including EGNOS and Galileo early services) for safety railway applications has been analysed by several European projects such as Grail, Grail-2, Satloc, 3InSat, and it is currently being analysed by ERSAT EAV. ERSAT EAV in particular is addressing the following three challenges beyond the state-of-the-art: a) reuse of ETCS odometry by adding the virtual balise concept to eliminate the fixed balise along the line; b) adoption of the public EGNOS Augmentation network "upgraded" with Local augmentation networks to fulfil the railways' requirements; c) verification and validation of alternative GNSS solutions to guarantee localization functions in areas where the GNSS signal is not available and/or subject to interference. This paper focuses on the third of these challenges, addressing the design and the implementation of a complementary positioning system (CPS) for GNSS-denied areas. This system is based mainly on the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) information but also incorporates additional source information (such as predefined GNSS blocked zone information and GNSS positioning information for calibration purposes, when available) in order to enhance positioning performance. This paper deals with the different steps taken to create the CPS: 1. Analysis of the alternatives for complementary positioning systems when GNSS is not available 2. Simulation and development of algorithms for the CPS in the lab 3. Creation of a prototype for the CPS based on COTS components More specifically, after analysing the state-of-the-art technologies, the algorithms for the selected solution will be implemented in the laboratory. In order to analyse the theoretical performance of the algorithms, the environment and observables for the algorithms will also be modelled in the simulation platform. The performance of the CPS will be analysed in terms of accuracy, reliability, continuity and integrity in a way similar to the GNSS systems. Finally, the algorithms will be implemented in a prototype based
Measurement, 2015
Abstract The interoperability between on track balises and the on board Balise Transmission Modul... more Abstract The interoperability between on track balises and the on board Balise Transmission Module systems depends on both sides’ susceptibility and allowed emissions. For that assessment, the document that governs the testing methodology, tools and procedures (Subset 116) needs to be completed prior to its publication. The present paper proposes an advance beyond the state of the art for the rolling stock emission assessment in terms of the test setup and of the post-processing procedure. The documentation commonly used in ERTMS-related issues has been analyzed and the common tools and procedures have been taken into consideration for the proposal presented by the authors.
This paper presents the course of Laboratory of Electronic Circuit Design offered by TECNUN (Escu... more This paper presents the course of Laboratory of Electronic Circuit Design offered by TECNUN (Escuela de Ingenieros de San Sebastian – Universidad de Navarra). The aim of this course is to bring the student closer to the professional electronic circuit design world .The methodology of this practical course is innovative. The educational resources used consist of a professional CAD tool for electronic design (Cadence), the use of English as the "official language" of the course, 8 practical cases, 3 competitive challenges among the students and Figure Of Merits (FOM) for the evaluation of these milestones. The course is laid out following a progressive learning curve, after which the students are highly prepared to link the theoretical trends to real circuits, and combine basic blocks to build complex circuits such as Operational Amplifiers. The good results obtained by the students in the final year exams, in front of designers' panels or even in the polls conducted at ...
2013 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), 2013
ABSTRACT An in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic interferences generated by trains requires a... more ABSTRACT An in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic interferences generated by trains requires a better understanding of specific railway interference sources. Interferences due to the losses of contact between catenary and pantograph are among them. This paper presents a modeling methodology proposed to analyze the effect of pantograph arcing on GSM-R antennas located on the train roof. The model was developed using the CST™ microwave studio tool. Comparisons were performed with experimental results to assess the quality of the simulation results. Finally, an analysis was carried out in order to discriminate the couplings between the GSM-R antenna and the different components of the model.
Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010
This contribution deals with the complete design of a multi-standard GPS/GALILEO front-end, from ... more This contribution deals with the complete design of a multi-standard GPS/GALILEO front-end, from setting the specifications through to the complete characterization of the device. Special focus will be given to the design for test and the characterization of the design, as optimizing the time spent on this improves time-to-market for the product under development. The highly integrated, low power GPS/GALILEO
2014 XI Tecnologias Aplicadas a la Ensenanza de la Electronica (Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching) (TAEE), 2014
The core of the brand new Industrial Electronics subject proposed in the MSc program in Industria... more The core of the brand new Industrial Electronics subject proposed in the MSc program in Industrial Engineering at Tecnun-University of Navarra is presented here. Students do laboratory exercises in which they design the safety-related part of a control system by means of an embedded platform (SBRio from National Instruments). Starting with the design and life cycle of any electronic device, the subject moves on to functional and non-functional requirements, mostly RAMS, highlighting the term reliability. With these concepts, the functional safety of an industrial system is studied through the ISO 13849-1 standard. The risk assessment determines the function that has to be protected and gives some ideas about how it should be done. This machinery standard proposes a category, and with it, an electronic or electromechanical system has to be designed and validated in order to mitigate the dangerous situation detected. The laboratory implementations are very useful for making the students navigate these concepts and methodologies.
2012 Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching (TAEE), 2012
This paper deals with the definition of an EMC precertification laboratory for communication equi... more This paper deals with the definition of an EMC precertification laboratory for communication equipment for railway systems. The main objectives are to show to 5th year telecom engineering students how to build an EMC precertification laboratory based on the applicable standards and introduce them into the tests executions and results interpretation. For that, first, it briefly explains why certification of
IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2004
In this work, an integrated 3.2 GHz phase locked loop (PLL) with a selfbiasing current source is ... more In this work, an integrated 3.2 GHz phase locked loop (PLL) with a selfbiasing current source is presented. The circuit has been designed using a 3.3 V 0.18μm CMOS technology. The synthesizer consumes 55 mW of which 20 mW is consumed by the VCO. The PLL has a bandwidth of 100 KHz and a phase noise of -111 dBc/Hz at
A 3.3V, fully integrated 3.2-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed in a 0.18mum CMO... more A 3.3V, fully integrated 3.2-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed in a 0.18mum CMOS technology for the IEE 802.11a/HiperLAN WLAN standard for the UNII band from 5.15 to 5.35 GHz. The VCO is tunable between 2.85 GHz and 3.31 GHz. NMOS architecture with self-biasing current of the tank source is chosen. A startup circuit has been employed to avoid zero initial current. Current variation is lower than 1% for voltage supply variations of 10%. The use of a self-biasing current source in the tank provides a greater safety in the transconductance value and allows running along more extreme point operation The designed VCO displays a phase noise and output power of -98dBc/Hz (at 100 KHz offset frequency) and 0dBm respectively. This phase noise has been obtained with inductors of 2.2nH and quality factor of 12 at 3.2 GHz, and P-N junction varactors whose quality factor is estimated to exceed 40 at 3.2 GHz. These passive components have been fabricated, measured and modeled pre...
A fully integrated power amplifier (PA) for 5 GHz 802.11a standard is implemented using a 0.18 mu... more A fully integrated power amplifier (PA) for 5 GHz 802.11a standard is implemented using a 0.18 mum CMOS process. In this paper we present the new concept of "power inductors". These on-chip inductors are implemented on the transistor drains and the output network and they can withstand the high level current signals that go through them while presenting low DC-resistance and high Q characteristics. The two stage differential power amplifier is fully integrated including the input and output networks. Measurement results show that the power amplifier achieves a power gain of 25.5 dB, 1 dB compression point (P1dB) of 20.8 dBm and power added efficiency of 26.7 %. The saturated output power is 26.5 dBm, achieving the highest reported output power among CMOS PAs for 5-GHz WLAN applications
Power consumption is one of the most critical issues when designing low-cost electronic devices, ... more Power consumption is one of the most critical issues when designing low-cost electronic devices, such as sensing nodes in wireless sensor networks. To support their operation, such systems usually contain a battery; however, when the battery has consumed all its energy, the node (e.g. the sensor) must be retrieved and the battery replaced. If the node is located in a remote and non-accessible placement, battery replacement can become an expensive (and even impossible) task. This way, energy harvesting has emerged as a suitable alternative to supply low-power electronic systems, by converting ambient energy into electric power. Scavenged energy can be used to directly supply the circuits, or stored to be used when needed. This paper summarises the power needs of a general wireless sensor node and describes the main principles of most representative energy harvesting technologies.
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2005
In this paper the reliability verification in a measurement system of passive components is prese... more In this paper the reliability verification in a measurement system of passive components is presented, the passive components measured are integrated varactors. The measurement system used for the characterization of the varactors consists of the HP8719ES Vector Network Analyzer. To calibrate the measurement system, the short-open-load-through (SOLT) was used. The varactors have been designed with measurement structures in order to
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2011
A decreasing-sized -model electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure is presented and app... more A decreasing-sized -model electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure is presented and applied to protect against ESD stresses at the RF input pad of an ultra-low power CMOS front-end operating in the 2.4-GHz industrial-scien- tific-medical band. The proposed ESD protection structure is composed of a pair of ESD devices located near the RF pad, another pair close to the core circuit, and a high-quality inte- grated inductor connecting these two pairs. This structure can sustain a human body-model ESD level higher than 16 kV and a machine-model ESD level higher than 1 kV without degrading the RF performance of the front-end. A combined on-wafer trans- mission line pulse and RF test methodology for RF circuits is also presented confirming previous results. The front-end implements a zero-IF receiver. It has been implemented in a standard 2P6M 0.18- m CMOS process. It exhibits a voltage gain of 24 dB and a single-sideband noise figure of 8.4 dB, which make it suitable for most of the 2.4-GHz wireless short-range communication transceivers. The power consumption is only 1.06 mW from a 1.2-V voltage supply. Index Terms—Electrostatic discharge (ESD), decreasing-sized -model ESD (DS- ESD), low-noise amplifier (LNA), low-power CMOS radio, mixer, zero-IF receiver.
This paper presents the course of Laboratory of Electronic Circuit Design offered by TECNUN (Escu... more This paper presents the course of Laboratory of Electronic Circuit Design offered by TECNUN (Escuela de Ingenieros de San Sebastian – Universidad de Navarra). The aim of this course is to bring the student closer to the professional electronic circuit design world .The methodology of this practical course is innovative. The educational resources used consist of a professional CAD tool for electronic design (Cadence), the use of English as the “official language” of the course, 8 practical cases, 3 competitive challenges among the students and Figure Of Merits (FOM) for the evaluation of these milestones. The course is laid out following a progressive learning curve, after which the students are highly prepared to link the theoretical trends to real circuits, and combine basic blocks to build complex circuits such as Operational Amplifiers. The good results obtained by the students in the final year exams, in front of designers’ panels or even in the polls conducted at the end of the...
Safety-critical equipment depends on the study of functional, thermal, EMC (Electromagnetic Compa... more Safety-critical equipment depends on the study of functional, thermal, EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) and RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety) fields. The variation of one area characteristic could result in a failure to fulfil safety requirements. Traditionally, thermal, EMC or RAMS issues were only considered once the design was done. This paper proposes a novel analogue equipment design methodology by studying these areas dependently from the beginning of the design process. Each area requirements and design parameters and the relation among them are defined qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on these dependences among all the areas, the cross-influence of each parameter variation in other areas requirements is demonstrated. The obtained results are intended to aid the fulfilment of requirements of the design of any safety critical analogue circuit, and to help designers to know beforehand the consequences of any change in the design, saving time and money. The application of this methodology in a SIL 2 RF transmitter is shown and the improvement and worsening of requirements depending on the parameters variation is exposed.
Transportation Research Procedia, 2016
The suitability of EGNSS (including EGNOS and Galileo early services) for safety railway applicat... more The suitability of EGNSS (including EGNOS and Galileo early services) for safety railway applications has been analysed by several European projects such as Grail, Grail-2, Satloc, 3InSat, and it is currently being analysed by ERSAT EAV. ERSAT EAV in particular is addressing the following three challenges beyond the state-of-the-art: a) reuse of ETCS odometry by adding the virtual balise concept to eliminate the fixed balise along the line; b) adoption of the public EGNOS Augmentation network "upgraded" with Local augmentation networks to fulfil the railways' requirements; c) verification and validation of alternative GNSS solutions to guarantee localization functions in areas where the GNSS signal is not available and/or subject to interference. This paper focuses on the third of these challenges, addressing the design and the implementation of a complementary positioning system (CPS) for GNSS-denied areas. This system is based mainly on the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) information but also incorporates additional source information (such as predefined GNSS blocked zone information and GNSS positioning information for calibration purposes, when available) in order to enhance positioning performance. This paper deals with the different steps taken to create the CPS: 1. Analysis of the alternatives for complementary positioning systems when GNSS is not available 2. Simulation and development of algorithms for the CPS in the lab 3. Creation of a prototype for the CPS based on COTS components More specifically, after analysing the state-of-the-art technologies, the algorithms for the selected solution will be implemented in the laboratory. In order to analyse the theoretical performance of the algorithms, the environment and observables for the algorithms will also be modelled in the simulation platform. The performance of the CPS will be analysed in terms of accuracy, reliability, continuity and integrity in a way similar to the GNSS systems. Finally, the algorithms will be implemented in a prototype based
Measurement, 2015
Abstract The interoperability between on track balises and the on board Balise Transmission Modul... more Abstract The interoperability between on track balises and the on board Balise Transmission Module systems depends on both sides’ susceptibility and allowed emissions. For that assessment, the document that governs the testing methodology, tools and procedures (Subset 116) needs to be completed prior to its publication. The present paper proposes an advance beyond the state of the art for the rolling stock emission assessment in terms of the test setup and of the post-processing procedure. The documentation commonly used in ERTMS-related issues has been analyzed and the common tools and procedures have been taken into consideration for the proposal presented by the authors.
This paper presents the course of Laboratory of Electronic Circuit Design offered by TECNUN (Escu... more This paper presents the course of Laboratory of Electronic Circuit Design offered by TECNUN (Escuela de Ingenieros de San Sebastian – Universidad de Navarra). The aim of this course is to bring the student closer to the professional electronic circuit design world .The methodology of this practical course is innovative. The educational resources used consist of a professional CAD tool for electronic design (Cadence), the use of English as the "official language" of the course, 8 practical cases, 3 competitive challenges among the students and Figure Of Merits (FOM) for the evaluation of these milestones. The course is laid out following a progressive learning curve, after which the students are highly prepared to link the theoretical trends to real circuits, and combine basic blocks to build complex circuits such as Operational Amplifiers. The good results obtained by the students in the final year exams, in front of designers' panels or even in the polls conducted at ...
2013 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), 2013
ABSTRACT An in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic interferences generated by trains requires a... more ABSTRACT An in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic interferences generated by trains requires a better understanding of specific railway interference sources. Interferences due to the losses of contact between catenary and pantograph are among them. This paper presents a modeling methodology proposed to analyze the effect of pantograph arcing on GSM-R antennas located on the train roof. The model was developed using the CST™ microwave studio tool. Comparisons were performed with experimental results to assess the quality of the simulation results. Finally, an analysis was carried out in order to discriminate the couplings between the GSM-R antenna and the different components of the model.
Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010
This contribution deals with the complete design of a multi-standard GPS/GALILEO front-end, from ... more This contribution deals with the complete design of a multi-standard GPS/GALILEO front-end, from setting the specifications through to the complete characterization of the device. Special focus will be given to the design for test and the characterization of the design, as optimizing the time spent on this improves time-to-market for the product under development. The highly integrated, low power GPS/GALILEO
2014 XI Tecnologias Aplicadas a la Ensenanza de la Electronica (Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching) (TAEE), 2014
The core of the brand new Industrial Electronics subject proposed in the MSc program in Industria... more The core of the brand new Industrial Electronics subject proposed in the MSc program in Industrial Engineering at Tecnun-University of Navarra is presented here. Students do laboratory exercises in which they design the safety-related part of a control system by means of an embedded platform (SBRio from National Instruments). Starting with the design and life cycle of any electronic device, the subject moves on to functional and non-functional requirements, mostly RAMS, highlighting the term reliability. With these concepts, the functional safety of an industrial system is studied through the ISO 13849-1 standard. The risk assessment determines the function that has to be protected and gives some ideas about how it should be done. This machinery standard proposes a category, and with it, an electronic or electromechanical system has to be designed and validated in order to mitigate the dangerous situation detected. The laboratory implementations are very useful for making the students navigate these concepts and methodologies.
2012 Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching (TAEE), 2012
This paper deals with the definition of an EMC precertification laboratory for communication equi... more This paper deals with the definition of an EMC precertification laboratory for communication equipment for railway systems. The main objectives are to show to 5th year telecom engineering students how to build an EMC precertification laboratory based on the applicable standards and introduce them into the tests executions and results interpretation. For that, first, it briefly explains why certification of
IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2004
In this work, an integrated 3.2 GHz phase locked loop (PLL) with a selfbiasing current source is ... more In this work, an integrated 3.2 GHz phase locked loop (PLL) with a selfbiasing current source is presented. The circuit has been designed using a 3.3 V 0.18μm CMOS technology. The synthesizer consumes 55 mW of which 20 mW is consumed by the VCO. The PLL has a bandwidth of 100 KHz and a phase noise of -111 dBc/Hz at
A 3.3V, fully integrated 3.2-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed in a 0.18mum CMO... more A 3.3V, fully integrated 3.2-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed in a 0.18mum CMOS technology for the IEE 802.11a/HiperLAN WLAN standard for the UNII band from 5.15 to 5.35 GHz. The VCO is tunable between 2.85 GHz and 3.31 GHz. NMOS architecture with self-biasing current of the tank source is chosen. A startup circuit has been employed to avoid zero initial current. Current variation is lower than 1% for voltage supply variations of 10%. The use of a self-biasing current source in the tank provides a greater safety in the transconductance value and allows running along more extreme point operation The designed VCO displays a phase noise and output power of -98dBc/Hz (at 100 KHz offset frequency) and 0dBm respectively. This phase noise has been obtained with inductors of 2.2nH and quality factor of 12 at 3.2 GHz, and P-N junction varactors whose quality factor is estimated to exceed 40 at 3.2 GHz. These passive components have been fabricated, measured and modeled pre...
A fully integrated power amplifier (PA) for 5 GHz 802.11a standard is implemented using a 0.18 mu... more A fully integrated power amplifier (PA) for 5 GHz 802.11a standard is implemented using a 0.18 mum CMOS process. In this paper we present the new concept of "power inductors". These on-chip inductors are implemented on the transistor drains and the output network and they can withstand the high level current signals that go through them while presenting low DC-resistance and high Q characteristics. The two stage differential power amplifier is fully integrated including the input and output networks. Measurement results show that the power amplifier achieves a power gain of 25.5 dB, 1 dB compression point (P1dB) of 20.8 dBm and power added efficiency of 26.7 %. The saturated output power is 26.5 dBm, achieving the highest reported output power among CMOS PAs for 5-GHz WLAN applications
Power consumption is one of the most critical issues when designing low-cost electronic devices, ... more Power consumption is one of the most critical issues when designing low-cost electronic devices, such as sensing nodes in wireless sensor networks. To support their operation, such systems usually contain a battery; however, when the battery has consumed all its energy, the node (e.g. the sensor) must be retrieved and the battery replaced. If the node is located in a remote and non-accessible placement, battery replacement can become an expensive (and even impossible) task. This way, energy harvesting has emerged as a suitable alternative to supply low-power electronic systems, by converting ambient energy into electric power. Scavenged energy can be used to directly supply the circuits, or stored to be used when needed. This paper summarises the power needs of a general wireless sensor node and describes the main principles of most representative energy harvesting technologies.
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2005
In this paper the reliability verification in a measurement system of passive components is prese... more In this paper the reliability verification in a measurement system of passive components is presented, the passive components measured are integrated varactors. The measurement system used for the characterization of the varactors consists of the HP8719ES Vector Network Analyzer. To calibrate the measurement system, the short-open-load-through (SOLT) was used. The varactors have been designed with measurement structures in order to