Habeeb Lateef Muttashar Alzuabidi | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - UTM (original) (raw)

Papers by Habeeb Lateef Muttashar Alzuabidi

Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2018

Journal of Building Engineering, 2018

Jurnal Teknologi, 2017

Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of i... more Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of in landfills, oceans, rivers, and quarries, among others every year, thus it causes environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to evaluate spent garnet as a sand replacement in concrete prepared with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% spent garnet as a replacement for river sand were prepared with a constant Liquid/Binder (L/B) mass ratio equal to 0.4. Compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths as well as workability tests (slump, L-box, U-box and T50) were conducted on concrete containing spent garnet. As per specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete (EFNARC) standard, the test results showed that the concrete’s workability increased with the increase of spent garnet, while all the other strength values were consistently lower than...

Jurnal Teknologi, 2016

This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, she... more This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, shell and fibre on the engineering properties of mortar. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used as cement replacement up to 60% and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as sand replacement in mortar mixture. The Oil Palm Fibre was added to increase the strengthening performance of mortar. The method used to find the water binder ratio was by trial and error method with 1:3 ratio of cement to sand. The cubes size of 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, beams size of 40mm x 40mm x 160mm, and cylinders size of 70mm diameter and 150mm height, were cast and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strengths of mortar. Samples were cured in water before testing it at 7, 28, and 60 days. Also, the water absorption of mortar was tested at the age of 28 days. The results showed that oil palm fibre provided more advantages and increase the strength properties especially in the flexural and tensile ...

Robust engineering properties of spent garnet offer a recycling alternative to create efficient c... more Robust engineering properties of spent garnet offer a recycling alternative to create efficient construction materials. Recycling of spent garnet provides a costeffective and environmentally responsible solution rather than dumping it as industrial waste. In this context, the present work evaluated the capacity of spent garnet as sand replacement to achieve self-compacting geopolymer concrete. The self-compacting geopolymer concrete was prepared using ground granulated blast furnace slag whereas the river sand was replaced by spent garnet of varying contents in the range of 0 to 100% under constant Liquid/Binder mass ratio of 0.4. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the leaching performance, microstructure, physical and chemical behaviour of the spent garnet specimens. Furthermore, mix design combined with the fresh and hardened features of the spent garnet based self-compacting geopolymer concrete were performed. Performance evaluations of the developed self-compacting geopoly...

A B S T R A C T Rapid industrial growth has witnessed the ever-increasing utilization of sand fro... more A B S T R A C T Rapid industrial growth has witnessed the ever-increasing utilization of sand from rivers for various construction purposes, which caused an over-exploitation of rivers' beds and disturbed the ecosystem. strong engineering properties of waste garnets offer a recycling alternative to create efficient construction materials. Recycling of garnets provides a cost-effective and environmentally responsible solution rather than dumping it as industrial waste. In this spirit, this article presents an investigation into the capacity of spent garnets as sand replacement. The main parameters studied were the evolution of leaching performance, microstructure of the raw spent garnet and sand specimens. The microstructures, boning vibrations and thermal properties of the raw materials were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning micro-scopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Admirable features of the results suggest that the spent garnet is proven to be suitable replacement of sand. It is established that proper exploitation of spent garnet as an alternative to sand could save the earth from depleting the natural resources which is essential for sustainable development.

A B S T R A C T Garnets being the waste spin-off of surface treatment operations remain a major ... more A B S T R A C T
Garnets being the waste spin-off of surface treatment operations remain a major environmental concern worldwide. Robust engineering properties of these waste garnets offer the opportunity to get efficient construction materials via their appropriate recycling. In this spirit, we evaluate the capacity of spent garnets as sand replacement for achieving self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGPC). Such SCGPC specimens are prepared using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) wherein the river sand is replaced by spent garnet at varying contents (0–100%) under constant Liquid/Binder (L/B) mass ratio of 0.4. Performance evaluations of the developed SCGPC samples are made using several tests including durability, workability, flexural, com-pressive, splitting tensile strength conforming the EFNARC standard. Test results revealed an enhancement in the workability of the proposed SCGPC specimen with the increase of spent garnet contents. Furthermore, other strengths are discerned to be lower compared to the control sample at all stages of replacement. It is established that the spent garnet is prospective candidate for sand replacement up to 25% in terms of environmental amiability, cost effectiveness and conservation of natural resources.

Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of e... more Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of every year in landfills, oceans, rivers, and quarries, among others, thus causing environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to evaluate spent garnet as a sand replacement in concrete prepared with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% spent garnet as a replacement for river sand were prepared with a constant Liquid/Binder (L/B) mass ratio equal to 0.4. Compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths as well as workability tests (slump, L-box, U-box and T50) were conducted on concrete containing spent garnet. As per specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete (EFNARC) standard, the test results showed that the concrete's workability increased with the increase of spent garnet, while all the other strength values were consistently lower than conventional concrete (SCGC) at all stages of replacement. Based on the outcomes It is recommended that spent garnet should be used in concrete as a sand replacement up to 25% to reduce environmental problems, costs and the depletion of natural resources.

Graphical abstract Abstract This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm ... more Graphical abstract Abstract This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, shell and fibre on the engineering properties of mortar. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used as cement replacement up to 60% and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as sand replacement in mortar mixture. The Oil Palm Fibre was added to increase the strengthening performance of mortar. The method used to find the water binder ratio was by trial and error method with 1:3 ratio of cement to sand. The cubes size of 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, beams size of 40mm x 40mm x 160mm, and cylinders size of 70mm diameter and 150mm height, were cast and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strengths of mortar. Samples were cured in water before testing it at 7, 28, and 60 days. Also, the water absorption of mortar was tested at the age of 28 days. The results showed that oil palm fibre provided more advantages and increase the strength properties especially in the flexural and tensile strength. The addition of Oil Palm Kernel Shell reduced the density of mortar and it can be used for lightweight application. The test results also showed that as the POFA ratio increased, the compressive strength of mortar decreased. However, as OPKS ratio increased, the density was found to be decreased. The mix proportions using 60% POFA and 20% OPKS was considered as the optimum mix design. The mortar showed optimum strength at 9% with the addition of fibre. Abstrak Kertas kerja ini membentangkan kesan penggunaan sisa daripada industri minyak sawit termasuk abu, tempurung dan gentian terhadap ciri-ciri kejuruteraan mortar. Abu terbang kelapa kelapa sawit (POFA) digunakan sebagai pengganti simen sehingga 60% manakala tempurung sawit (OPKS) digunakan sebagai pengganti pasir dalam campuran mortar. Gentian kelapa sawit ditambah untuk meningkatkan prestasi kekuatan mortar. Kaedah yang digunakan untuk mencari nisbah pengikat kepada air adalah secara cuba jaya dengan nisbah simen kepada pasir, 1:3. Kiub bersaiz 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, prisma bersaiz 40mm x 40mm x 160mm dan silinder dengan saiz diameter 70mm and tinggi 150mm dibuat dan diuji bagi kekuatan mampatan, kekuatan lenturan, dan kekuatan tegangan pemisahan mortar. Sampel-sampel diawet dalam air sebelum diuji pada hari ke 7, 28 dan 60. Serapan air pada

— The aim of this study as mentioned above is to investigate the properties of Mortars to develop... more — The aim of this study as mentioned above is to investigate the properties of Mortars to develop a self-healing polymeric-cementitious material using polymeric admixture, epoxy resin (Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A Type). This study investigates the engineering properties of epoxy-modified mortars as self-healing materials. In this research an epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) without any hardener is used as polymeric admixture to prepare polymeric-cementitious materials and their self-healing function is evaluated. Epoxy-modified mortars are prepared with various polymer-cement ratios, subjected to initial wet/dry curing plus long term dry curing and tested for strength properties. The fundamental properties such as workability, influence of curing, strength development and water absorption are investigated. The results show that 10% of polymer-cement and wet dry curing was optimum to modify the strength properties of mortar.

this paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, she... more this paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, shell and fibre on the engineering properties of mortar. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used as cement replacement up to 60% and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as sand replacement in mortar mixture. The Oil Palm Fibre was added to increase the strengthening performance of mortar. The method used to find the water binder ratio was by trial and error method with 1:3 ratio of cement to sand. The cubes size of 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, beams size of 40mm x 40mm x 160mm, and cylinders size of 70mm diameter and 150mm height, were cast and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strengths of mortar. Samples were cured in water before testing it at 7, 28, and 60 days. Also, the water absorption of mortar was tested at the age of 28 days. The results showed that oil palm fibre provided more advantages and increase the strength properties especially in the flexural and tensile strength. The addition of Oil Palm Kernel Shell reduced the density of mortar and it can be used for lightweight application. The test results also showed that as the POFA ratio increased, the compressive strength of mortar decreased. However, as OPKS ratio increased, the density was found to be decreased. The mix proportions using 60% POFA and 20% OPKS was considered as the optimum mix design. The mortar showed optimum strength at 9% with the addition of fibre.

Palm oil fuel ash is a waste material that can be used as partial cement replacement. However, it... more Palm oil fuel ash is a waste material that can be used as partial cement replacement. However, its reactivity as pozzolanic material depends on the size of the particle. This paper presents the effects of nano size palm oil fuel ash on the long term characteristics of mortar. The study covers basic properties of mortar including the morphology, porosity, compressive strength and microstructural with regards to the variations in the mix design of the mortar. The palm oil fuel ash used has gone through heat treatment and was ground to a nano size with the percentage replacement of cement used was 60%, 80% and 100%. The different types of mortar samples were cast in a 70x70x70mm cube for compressive strength test. All casting and testing of the samples were conducted in the laboratory at ambient temperature. The results show that the use of 80% nano size palm oil fuel ash has produced higher compressive strength at the age of 28 days by 32% compared to the control mortar. Grinding the palm oil fuel ash to a nano size particle has improved the reactivity of the ash and because of it is a waste material it reduces the cost of the mortar. The experimental result also show that the compressive strength of the 80% nano size palm oil fuel ash mortar at 365 days was 25% higher than its strength at 28 days. In addition, the porosity of the 80% nano palm oil fuel ash mortar was reduced by 51% at the age of 1 year. The overall results have revealed that the use of high volume nano palm oil fuel ash can enhances the mortar properties and due to the high percentage of replacement it can contribute to a more sustainable construction.

Other by Habeeb Lateef Muttashar Alzuabidi

Inatex 2016 University Technology Maaysia

Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2018

Journal of Building Engineering, 2018

Jurnal Teknologi, 2017

Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of i... more Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of in landfills, oceans, rivers, and quarries, among others every year, thus it causes environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to evaluate spent garnet as a sand replacement in concrete prepared with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% spent garnet as a replacement for river sand were prepared with a constant Liquid/Binder (L/B) mass ratio equal to 0.4. Compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths as well as workability tests (slump, L-box, U-box and T50) were conducted on concrete containing spent garnet. As per specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete (EFNARC) standard, the test results showed that the concrete’s workability increased with the increase of spent garnet, while all the other strength values were consistently lower than...

Jurnal Teknologi, 2016

This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, she... more This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, shell and fibre on the engineering properties of mortar. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used as cement replacement up to 60% and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as sand replacement in mortar mixture. The Oil Palm Fibre was added to increase the strengthening performance of mortar. The method used to find the water binder ratio was by trial and error method with 1:3 ratio of cement to sand. The cubes size of 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, beams size of 40mm x 40mm x 160mm, and cylinders size of 70mm diameter and 150mm height, were cast and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strengths of mortar. Samples were cured in water before testing it at 7, 28, and 60 days. Also, the water absorption of mortar was tested at the age of 28 days. The results showed that oil palm fibre provided more advantages and increase the strength properties especially in the flexural and tensile ...

Robust engineering properties of spent garnet offer a recycling alternative to create efficient c... more Robust engineering properties of spent garnet offer a recycling alternative to create efficient construction materials. Recycling of spent garnet provides a costeffective and environmentally responsible solution rather than dumping it as industrial waste. In this context, the present work evaluated the capacity of spent garnet as sand replacement to achieve self-compacting geopolymer concrete. The self-compacting geopolymer concrete was prepared using ground granulated blast furnace slag whereas the river sand was replaced by spent garnet of varying contents in the range of 0 to 100% under constant Liquid/Binder mass ratio of 0.4. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the leaching performance, microstructure, physical and chemical behaviour of the spent garnet specimens. Furthermore, mix design combined with the fresh and hardened features of the spent garnet based self-compacting geopolymer concrete were performed. Performance evaluations of the developed self-compacting geopoly...

A B S T R A C T Rapid industrial growth has witnessed the ever-increasing utilization of sand fro... more A B S T R A C T Rapid industrial growth has witnessed the ever-increasing utilization of sand from rivers for various construction purposes, which caused an over-exploitation of rivers' beds and disturbed the ecosystem. strong engineering properties of waste garnets offer a recycling alternative to create efficient construction materials. Recycling of garnets provides a cost-effective and environmentally responsible solution rather than dumping it as industrial waste. In this spirit, this article presents an investigation into the capacity of spent garnets as sand replacement. The main parameters studied were the evolution of leaching performance, microstructure of the raw spent garnet and sand specimens. The microstructures, boning vibrations and thermal properties of the raw materials were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning micro-scopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Admirable features of the results suggest that the spent garnet is proven to be suitable replacement of sand. It is established that proper exploitation of spent garnet as an alternative to sand could save the earth from depleting the natural resources which is essential for sustainable development.

A B S T R A C T Garnets being the waste spin-off of surface treatment operations remain a major ... more A B S T R A C T
Garnets being the waste spin-off of surface treatment operations remain a major environmental concern worldwide. Robust engineering properties of these waste garnets offer the opportunity to get efficient construction materials via their appropriate recycling. In this spirit, we evaluate the capacity of spent garnets as sand replacement for achieving self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGPC). Such SCGPC specimens are prepared using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) wherein the river sand is replaced by spent garnet at varying contents (0–100%) under constant Liquid/Binder (L/B) mass ratio of 0.4. Performance evaluations of the developed SCGPC samples are made using several tests including durability, workability, flexural, com-pressive, splitting tensile strength conforming the EFNARC standard. Test results revealed an enhancement in the workability of the proposed SCGPC specimen with the increase of spent garnet contents. Furthermore, other strengths are discerned to be lower compared to the control sample at all stages of replacement. It is established that the spent garnet is prospective candidate for sand replacement up to 25% in terms of environmental amiability, cost effectiveness and conservation of natural resources.

Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of e... more Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of every year in landfills, oceans, rivers, and quarries, among others, thus causing environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to evaluate spent garnet as a sand replacement in concrete prepared with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% spent garnet as a replacement for river sand were prepared with a constant Liquid/Binder (L/B) mass ratio equal to 0.4. Compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths as well as workability tests (slump, L-box, U-box and T50) were conducted on concrete containing spent garnet. As per specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete (EFNARC) standard, the test results showed that the concrete's workability increased with the increase of spent garnet, while all the other strength values were consistently lower than conventional concrete (SCGC) at all stages of replacement. Based on the outcomes It is recommended that spent garnet should be used in concrete as a sand replacement up to 25% to reduce environmental problems, costs and the depletion of natural resources.

Graphical abstract Abstract This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm ... more Graphical abstract Abstract This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, shell and fibre on the engineering properties of mortar. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used as cement replacement up to 60% and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as sand replacement in mortar mixture. The Oil Palm Fibre was added to increase the strengthening performance of mortar. The method used to find the water binder ratio was by trial and error method with 1:3 ratio of cement to sand. The cubes size of 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, beams size of 40mm x 40mm x 160mm, and cylinders size of 70mm diameter and 150mm height, were cast and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strengths of mortar. Samples were cured in water before testing it at 7, 28, and 60 days. Also, the water absorption of mortar was tested at the age of 28 days. The results showed that oil palm fibre provided more advantages and increase the strength properties especially in the flexural and tensile strength. The addition of Oil Palm Kernel Shell reduced the density of mortar and it can be used for lightweight application. The test results also showed that as the POFA ratio increased, the compressive strength of mortar decreased. However, as OPKS ratio increased, the density was found to be decreased. The mix proportions using 60% POFA and 20% OPKS was considered as the optimum mix design. The mortar showed optimum strength at 9% with the addition of fibre. Abstrak Kertas kerja ini membentangkan kesan penggunaan sisa daripada industri minyak sawit termasuk abu, tempurung dan gentian terhadap ciri-ciri kejuruteraan mortar. Abu terbang kelapa kelapa sawit (POFA) digunakan sebagai pengganti simen sehingga 60% manakala tempurung sawit (OPKS) digunakan sebagai pengganti pasir dalam campuran mortar. Gentian kelapa sawit ditambah untuk meningkatkan prestasi kekuatan mortar. Kaedah yang digunakan untuk mencari nisbah pengikat kepada air adalah secara cuba jaya dengan nisbah simen kepada pasir, 1:3. Kiub bersaiz 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, prisma bersaiz 40mm x 40mm x 160mm dan silinder dengan saiz diameter 70mm and tinggi 150mm dibuat dan diuji bagi kekuatan mampatan, kekuatan lenturan, dan kekuatan tegangan pemisahan mortar. Sampel-sampel diawet dalam air sebelum diuji pada hari ke 7, 28 dan 60. Serapan air pada

— The aim of this study as mentioned above is to investigate the properties of Mortars to develop... more — The aim of this study as mentioned above is to investigate the properties of Mortars to develop a self-healing polymeric-cementitious material using polymeric admixture, epoxy resin (Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A Type). This study investigates the engineering properties of epoxy-modified mortars as self-healing materials. In this research an epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) without any hardener is used as polymeric admixture to prepare polymeric-cementitious materials and their self-healing function is evaluated. Epoxy-modified mortars are prepared with various polymer-cement ratios, subjected to initial wet/dry curing plus long term dry curing and tested for strength properties. The fundamental properties such as workability, influence of curing, strength development and water absorption are investigated. The results show that 10% of polymer-cement and wet dry curing was optimum to modify the strength properties of mortar.

this paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, she... more this paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, shell and fibre on the engineering properties of mortar. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used as cement replacement up to 60% and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as sand replacement in mortar mixture. The Oil Palm Fibre was added to increase the strengthening performance of mortar. The method used to find the water binder ratio was by trial and error method with 1:3 ratio of cement to sand. The cubes size of 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, beams size of 40mm x 40mm x 160mm, and cylinders size of 70mm diameter and 150mm height, were cast and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strengths of mortar. Samples were cured in water before testing it at 7, 28, and 60 days. Also, the water absorption of mortar was tested at the age of 28 days. The results showed that oil palm fibre provided more advantages and increase the strength properties especially in the flexural and tensile strength. The addition of Oil Palm Kernel Shell reduced the density of mortar and it can be used for lightweight application. The test results also showed that as the POFA ratio increased, the compressive strength of mortar decreased. However, as OPKS ratio increased, the density was found to be decreased. The mix proportions using 60% POFA and 20% OPKS was considered as the optimum mix design. The mortar showed optimum strength at 9% with the addition of fibre.

Palm oil fuel ash is a waste material that can be used as partial cement replacement. However, it... more Palm oil fuel ash is a waste material that can be used as partial cement replacement. However, its reactivity as pozzolanic material depends on the size of the particle. This paper presents the effects of nano size palm oil fuel ash on the long term characteristics of mortar. The study covers basic properties of mortar including the morphology, porosity, compressive strength and microstructural with regards to the variations in the mix design of the mortar. The palm oil fuel ash used has gone through heat treatment and was ground to a nano size with the percentage replacement of cement used was 60%, 80% and 100%. The different types of mortar samples were cast in a 70x70x70mm cube for compressive strength test. All casting and testing of the samples were conducted in the laboratory at ambient temperature. The results show that the use of 80% nano size palm oil fuel ash has produced higher compressive strength at the age of 28 days by 32% compared to the control mortar. Grinding the palm oil fuel ash to a nano size particle has improved the reactivity of the ash and because of it is a waste material it reduces the cost of the mortar. The experimental result also show that the compressive strength of the 80% nano size palm oil fuel ash mortar at 365 days was 25% higher than its strength at 28 days. In addition, the porosity of the 80% nano palm oil fuel ash mortar was reduced by 51% at the age of 1 year. The overall results have revealed that the use of high volume nano palm oil fuel ash can enhances the mortar properties and due to the high percentage of replacement it can contribute to a more sustainable construction.

CRC Press , 2018

Sustainable Construction Materials Recycled Spent Garnet