Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - UTM (original) (raw)

Papers by Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman

Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014

The discharge of silver ions from nanosilver-based product into the environment has raised the ec... more The discharge of silver ions from nanosilver-based product into the environment has raised the ecological and human health concern due to the toxicity of silver ion, particularly on the release behaviour of ionized nanosilver from the wastage. Therefore, recovery of ionized nanosilver is highly necessary. In this research, emulsion liquid membrane technique was employed for ionized nanosilver recovery from the domestic waste. The liquid membrane consists of kerosene, Span 80, Cyanex 302 and acidic thiourea as the diluent, surfactant, carrier and stripping agent, respectively. The emulsion stability was investigated at different surfactant concentrations, agitation and homogenizer speeds. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the optimization of process variables including treat ratio, sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and thiourea concentration in the recovery process. The results showed that the most stable emulsion was observed at 3% w/v of surfactant, 10,000 and 150 rpm of homogenizer and agitation speed, respectively. The optimum conditions obtained for the recovery process using RSM were: treat ratio (0.256), H 2 SO 4 concentration (0.75 M) and thio-urea concentration (0.85 M). At the optimized condition, the maximum recovery of ionized nanosilver was 84.74%.

Environmental technology, Jan 4, 2018

Currently, an extractive green palm oil based emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) has been used for si... more Currently, an extractive green palm oil based emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) has been used for simultaneous extraction and enrichment of Reactive Red 3BS from simulated synthetic dye wastewater. The ELM consists of two main phases which are organic liquid membrane and stripping solution. During the extraction process, the ELM was dispersed into the simulated synthetic dye wastewater containing the Reactive Red 3BS complexes. The organic liquid membrane contained Tridodecylamine (TDA), Sorbitan Monooleate (Span 80) and palm oil as a carrier, surfactant and diluent, respectively. The Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was used as stripping solution for the enrichment process. Several important parameters that affected the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of Reactive Red 3BS, such as carrier and stripping agent concentrations, extraction time and treat ratio were investigated. The results showed that almost 90% of Reactive Red 3BS ions were successfully extracted with 10 times enrichmen...

Jurnal Teknologi, Nov 15, 2013

The increasing numbers of product containing nanosilver have raised a great concern about their p... more The increasing numbers of product containing nanosilver have raised a great concern about their possible impact in the environment especially in the ionic form which leads to the toxicity problem when the association occurs with the organism cells. Therefore, the main focus of this study was to investigate several parameters influencing the recovery of ionized nanosilver from wash water using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process. This process involves three phases dispersion system including external, membrane and internal phase. The membrane phase was prepared by dissolving bis [2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl] monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302) as a carrier and Sorbitan Monooleate (Span 80) as a surfactant in kerosene as a diluent. Thiourea in Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was used as a stripping agent in the internal phase. The important parameters such as extraction time, carrier and stripping agent concentrations were investigated. All experiments were conducted in batch system. The concentration of the ionized nanosilver was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The result demonstrated that almost 100% of silver ion was extracted with 91% have been recovered within 5 minute of extraction time using 0.005 M Cyanex 302 and 1.0 M Thiourea in 1.5 M H2SO4. Hence, ELM was proven to be a very promising technique for the simultaneous extraction and recovery of ionized nanosilver from wash water. © 2013 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.

Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015

ABSTRACT The separation of reactive Red 3BS ions across supported liquid membrane (SLM) process u... more ABSTRACT The separation of reactive Red 3BS ions across supported liquid membrane (SLM) process using tridodecylamine as a carrier and sodium hydroxide as a stripping agent was studied. A microporous polypropylene membrane fabricated using thermally induced phase separation technique was used as a membrane support for the SLM process. Three polymer concentrations (10, 15, and 20 wt%) and two quenching temperatures (7 and 29°C) were applied for the polymer-diluent solution. The results demonstrated that all membranes appeared with similar morphologies but different in pore size and porosity. The membrane with 15 wt% polymer concentration quenched at 29°C produced a microporous membrane with a symmetric structure, defined pore size, and performed high stability toward reactive dye extraction, thus feasible to be used as the support material. This membrane had successfully removed and recovered almost 100 and 58% of Red 3BS from an aqueous solution, respectively. Besides, it also exhibited high stability up to 25.5 h of extraction, hence demonstrating an improved performance for the separation of reactive dyes using SLM process.

Environmental Technology, 2014

Effluent containing colour/dyes, especially reactive dyes, becomes a great concern of wastewater ... more Effluent containing colour/dyes, especially reactive dyes, becomes a great concern of wastewater treatment because it is toxic to human life and aquatic life. In this study, reactive dye of Black B was separated using the supported liquid membrane process. Commercial polypropylene membrane was used as a support of the kerosene-tridodecylamine liquid membrane. Several parameters were tested and the result showed that almost 100% of 70 ppm Black B was removed and 99% of 70 ppm Black B was recovered at pH 2 of the feed phase containing 0.00001 M Na 2 SiO 3 , flow rate of 150 ml/min and 0.2 M NaOH. The membrane support also remained stable for up to 36 hours under an optimum condition.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (ICSTSS) 2012, 2014

ABSTRACT Nowadays, nanosilver is increasingly used in various fields such as consumer products an... more ABSTRACT Nowadays, nanosilver is increasingly used in various fields such as consumer products and medicinal application. The ionization of nanosilver in washwater inhibits the beneficial bacterial growth which brings to the cell damage due to their toxicity. Therefore, the removal of ionized nanosilver is highly demanded in order to protect the environment especially to the aquatic organism. One of the promising techniques is an emulsion liquid membrane process. In this present study, the emulsion liquid membrane process is conducted to treat the washwater. The process has been carried out in batch process using a mixer-settler and silver concentration is measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The membrane consists of kerosene as diluent, Cyanex 302 as an extractant, Span 80 as a surfactant and a solution of H 2 SO 4 as a stripping phase. The activity of sulfur-containing extractant (Cyanex 302) towards facilitated transport of nanosilver ion from washwater through an emulsion liquid membrane has been investigated. The optimum condition was established by investigating the effect of Cyanex 302 concentrations, extraction time and agitation speed. The results show that nanosilver ion could be extracted almost 70% from the simulated washwater. The highest removal of nanosilver ion was achieved at the concentration of 0.05M Cyanex 302, an extraction time of 15 min and an agitation speed of 300 rpm. Consequently, Cyanex 302 has a high potential as a mobile carrier in the extraction of nanosilver ions from washwater.

Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016

The discharge of silver ions from nanosilver-based product into the environment has raised the e... more The discharge of silver ions from nanosilver-based product into the environment has raised the ecological and human health concern due to the toxicity of silver ion, particularly on the release behaviour of ionized nanosilver from the wastage. Therefore, recovery of ionized nanosilver is highly necessary. In this research, emulsion liquid membrane technique was employed for ionized nanosilver recovery from the domestic waste. The liquid membrane consists of kerosene, Span 80, Cyanex 302 and acidic thiourea as the diluent, surfactant, carrier and stripping agent, respectively. The emulsion stability was investigated at different surfactant concentrations, agitation and homogenizer speeds. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the optimization of process variables including treat ratio, sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and thiourea concentration in the recovery process. The results showed that the most stable emulsion was observed at 3% w/v of surfactant, 10,000 and 150 rpm of homogenizer and agitation speed, respectively. The optimum conditions obtained for the recovery process using RSM were: treat ratio (0.256), H 2 SO 4 concentration (0.75 M) and thio-urea concentration (0.85 M). At the optimized condition, the maximum recovery of ionized nanosilver was 84.74%.

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2014

The discharge of ionized nanosilver into environment triggers a great concern owing to the toxici... more The discharge of ionized nanosilver into environment triggers a great concern owing to the toxicity problem for aquatic organism. In this study, emulsion liquid membrane used to extract the ionized nanosilver from wash water. Variables like carrier, stripping agent and surfactant concentrations, emulsifying time, homogenizer and agitation speed, pH feed phase, and effect of ionic liquid [BMIM]+[NTf2]were investigated. The membrane phase containing Cyanex 302, Span 80, acidic Thiourea, and kerosene as carrier, surfactant, stripping agent, and diluent respectively. Results demonstrated that 99.89% of silver ion was extracted and ionic liquid show good performance on emulsion stability with 10% swelling

Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2017

The presence of chromium in the natural water can be toxic to aquatic organism and is one of the ... more The presence of chromium in the natural water can be toxic to aquatic organism and is one of the major environmental problems. Therefore, the removal and recovery of chromium from industrial wastewater is very crucial to accomplish the standard discharge concentration limit. Supported liquid membrane is one of the processes which combines the extraction and recovery process in one single stage. This paper presents an experimental study on the removal and recovery of chromium ions from acidic aqueous solutions through a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) system. Through this system, chromium ions were transported from feed phase into stripping phase via Tri-n-octyl-methylammoniumchloride (TOMAC)-kerosene-polypropylene supported liquid membrane (SLM). The liquid membrane phase was prepared by dissolving the corresponding volume of the carrier, TOMAC in organic diluent of kerosene. The stripping agent used was sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution whereas the membrane support used was commercial Accurel polypropylene membrane with good features of 100 µm thickness, porosity of 72% and effective pore size of 0.10 µm. The chromium ion concentration in the feed and stripping phases as a function of time was analysed using an atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The effects of different operational variables such as TOMAC concentration in the membrane phase, NaOH concentration in the stripping phase and pH of the aqueous feed phase were investigated. The result demonstrated that about 90 and 98% of 150 ppm of chromium was removed and recovered, respectively at favorable condition of 1.0 M TOMAC, 0.5 M NaOH and pH 2 of the feed phase. Abstrak Kehadiran kromium di dalam sumber air semula jadi adalah toksik kepada organisma akuatik dan salah satu masalah utama alam sekitar. Oleh itu, penyingkiran dan pemulihan semula kromium daripada air sisa industri adalah sangat perlu untuk memenuhi had kepekatan piawaian pelepasan. Membran cecair berpenyokong adalah salah satu proses yang menggabungkan penyingkiran dan pemulihan semula dalam satu peringkat proses. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan satu kajian eksperimen tentang penyingkiran dan pemulihan semula ion kromium dari larutan berasid melalui sistem helaian rata membran cecair berpenyokong (FSSLM). Melalui sistem ini, ion kromium dibawa dari fasa suapan ke fasa pelucutan melalui Tri-n-oktil-metilammonium klorida (TOMAC)–kerosin-polipropilena membran cecair berpenyokong (SLM). Fasa cecair membran telah disediakan dengan melarutkan sejumlah pembawa, TOMAC dalam pelarut organik kerosin. Ejen pelucutan yang digunakan adalah larutan sodium hidroksida (NaOH) manakala membran sokongan yang digunakan ialah Accurel polipropilena membran komersial yang mempunyai ciri-ciri yang baik dengan ketebalan 100µm, keliangan 72% dan saiz liang 0.10 µm. Kepekatan ion kromium dalam

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017

• Synergistic extraction of nickel via LIX63-D2EHPA mixture system. • Maximum synergistic enhance... more • Synergistic extraction of nickel via LIX63-D2EHPA mixture system. • Maximum synergistic enhancement factor,R Ni , max of 29.56 at X LIX63 = 0.8. • Palm oil as green diluent for synergistic green extraction of nickel. a b s t r a c t The discharge of electroplating waste containing nickel ions has led to environmental issues owing to the toxicity problem mainly to the aquatic organisms and humans. Liquid-liquid extraction offers a great potential treatment for nickel removal with several advantages of simple, high efficiency and high separation factor. In this study, a green synergistic liquid–liquid extraction of nickel ions from electroplating waste solution using chelating oxime (LIX63) and organophosphorus (D2EHPA) carriers individually as well as their synergistic mixture has been studied. The result demonstrated that about 83% of nickel ions have been successfully extracted via the mixture system of 0.08M LIX63 +0.02M D2EHPA with the maximum synergistic enhancement factor, R max of 29.56. Meanwhile, the back extraction study also revealed that HNO 3 was the most suitable stripping agent while the diluent screening also showed that palm oil has high potential to be incorporated as a diluent in the green synergistic liquid–liquid extraction of nickel.