EDWARD H I N G H A FODAY JR | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - UTM (original) (raw)
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Papers by EDWARD H I N G H A FODAY JR
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning , 2018
Red mud is described as a major industrial waste produced by the Bayer process for the extraction... more Red mud is described as a major industrial waste produced by the Bayer process for the extraction of alumina from bauxite ores. The Red mud was collected from Bukit Goh and it physical, chemical and mineralogical composition were investigated in terms of it environmental effects. Because red mud has a lot of hazardous effect on man and his environment, it intrinsic properties are characterised by high alkaline, extremely saline, sodic and high heavy metals content. The pH, EC, Heavy Metals and Mineral contents were analysed using pH meter, EC meter, ICPOES and XRD respectively. The results show that, pH, EC and Heavy metals concentration of red mud decreased with increasing storage time and Fe, Cd, As and Pb concentration were determined. In general, the newly collected red mud retained more heavy metals than the old red muds. The mineralogical composition of Calcite, Gibbsite, Boehmite, Hematite, Siderite and Calcium aluminate decreased with increasing storage time with a large percentage of Calcite presence. Boehmite Mineral composition was completely removed from the 50days and 100days. It is fascinating to know that Goethite, Magnetite, Sodium titanate and Sodalites increased with increasing storage time.
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, 2019
This study assesses livelihood strategies pursued by household in Mano Menima. Livelihood strateg... more This study assesses livelihood strategies pursued by household in Mano Menima. Livelihood strategies are range and combination of activities and choices that people make in order to achieve their livelihood goal, including productive activities, investment strategies, and reproductive choices. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative methods in collecting data. A sample size of 100 household heads was used for this research with other targeted respondents like community stakeholders and focus group discussion. The study revealed that households depend mostly on agriculture for their livelihoods and that male dominate the role as family earner. The result showed that households also engaged in non-agricultural activities that serve as sources of income for their households. These non-agricultural activities include petty trade, remittances, pension and formal employment. The result also established that there is high proportion of illiteracy in the study community. The result also registered that 100% of respondents either owned or have direct access to farm land though the sizes of the farmlands are small. The largest household expenditure is on food consumption, followed by expenditure on education, medicines and purchase of agricultural inputs. The research revealed that livelihood strategies were mostly influenced by the availability and access to farm land with little external motivation from Government, NGOs and MFIs. Crop damaged by insects/birds, poor harvest, wet season, high price of food and other commodities, increase in crime rate, disease like malaria are the major constraints to livelihood in the study area. Based on the findings of this study, it is important that government focus on building human capital through provision of adequate budget to support education, agriculture and skill training along with strengthening financial capital by increasing household access to credit with emphasis also on the need for saving should be encouraged.
International Journal of Research Available at https://pen2print.org/index.php/ijr, 2019
Bioethanol is one of the most potential liquid fuels since the natural resources from fossil fuel... more Bioethanol is one of the most potential liquid fuels since the natural resources from fossil fuels become limited. Nowadays renewable energy become as an alternative energy to reduce fossil fuels consumption. Therefore, the study of water hyacinth and water lettuce was chosen as potential source of biofuel due to its abundant and easy to cultivate in nature. The study aims to investigate the potential of floating aquatic macrophytes to provide enough supply for bioethanol production. Study on feasibility of biological pretreatment on water hyacinth and water lettuce using white rot fungi by monitoring lignin and hemicellulose biodegradation. The potential of bioethanol production was determined by sugar consumption rate and percentage of fermentable sugar by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The experiment was fabricated with two tanks contain macrophytes which Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes. Weight of both species was recorded for consecutive three days to monitor the optimum growth rate. Both species were pretreated with white rot fungi. The parameters involved are sugar content, lignin by Klasson method and hemicellulose by Chesson method. Water hyacinth was fermented with different yeast concentration and DNS method was used for sugar determination. The results showed that P. stratiotes has higher growth rate than E. crassipes. However, E. crassipes more feasible for lignin and hemicellulose biodegradation compared to P. stratiotes. Sugar consumption rate was influenced by yeast concentration and fermentable sugar of water hyacinth filtrate which recorded up to 70%.
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, 2019
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) differ from the MDGs in purpose, concept, and politics. ... more The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) differ from the MDGs in purpose, concept, and politics. This article focuses process and comparison of the predecessor to the SDGs. The identification of Millennium Development Goals and the follow-on Sustainable Development Goals are referred to here as examples of such policy forming activities. The Millennium Declaration was adopted on 8th September 2000. According to David Hulme, the drafting process attempted to please both the rich countries insisting on their Development Assistance Committee (DAC) prepared list of International Development Goals and everybody else. It argues that the SDGs address several of the key shortcomings of the MDGs and incorporate a broader and more transformative agenda that more adequately reflect the complex challenges of the 21st century and the need for structural reforms in the global economy. The SDGs also reverse the MDG approach to global goal setting and the misplaced belief in the virtues of simplicity, concreteness, and quantification. While the SDGs promise the potential for a more transformative agenda, implementation will depend on continued advocacy on each of the targets to hold authorities to
account. The future of global public participation may move beyond invitation (and its deficiencies), to one based on collecting passive information of the global public. It still remains to be seen whether SDGs really demonstrate the longterm public concerns especially with the set of global priorities until 2030.
www.sciencedev.net, 2018
Bauxite is the primary ore for aluminium extraction. It is treated with sodium hydroxide at above... more Bauxite is the primary ore for aluminium extraction. It is treated with sodium hydroxide at above 250 o C to extract alumina in the Bayer's process. Iron, together with impurities that are insoluble in the caustic solution, will be removed by clarification. The residue generated after clarification is known as bauxite residue (or red mud). Red mud (bauxite residue) is the main waste product of the alkaline extraction of alumina from bauxite with high amounts of heavy metals. These heavy metals cause risks to human health, plants, animals, ecosystems, or other media as most environmental contamination and human exposure result from anthropogenic activities such as mining and smelting operations, industrial production and domestic and agricultural use of metals and metal-containing compounds. This review focuses on removing these heavy metals (As, Ni, Cr and Fe) from bauxite residue using gracilaria sp. Results of extraction of heavy metals from bauxite residue showed that gracilaria sp adsorbents were effective and efficient in removing fractions of Cr, As, Ni and Fe at 1g, 2g and 3g of gracilaria sp adsorbents. However, the extractions were found effective and efficient at various alginate beads concentrations (1g, 2g and 3g). In the removal of Iron (Fe), 1g of alginate beads were the most ideal concentration for heavy metals removal from 30ml bauxite residue solution at a temperature of 25 o C. Chromium (Cr) element was best removed at a concentration of 2g and 3g while Arsenic (As) and Nickel (Ni) removals were ideal with 3g gracilaria sp adsorbents at uniform temperature of 25 o C.
akademiabaru, 2017
Malaysia is one of the developing countries that are facing an increase population with an increa... more Malaysia is one of the developing countries that are facing an increase population with an increasing and significant generation of waste. Environmental problems may arise when the solid waste management is improper. The rate of generation is increasing and the composition is also changing as the nation becomes more urbanized and industrialized. The objective of this study is to present the data of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Taman Universiti, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The composition of MSW was studied by segregating it into different components such as food waste, paper, glass, plastics, metal and tin aluminums. It was observed that Taman Universiti area produced around 40% plastics waste which was the highest component compared to other waste, followed by food waste and papers with 38.2% and 21% respectively. Meanwhile, food waste was recorded the highest moisture content with 38.2% while glass had the lowest moisture content with 0.4%. The reliable estimate of MSW generated is important for proper waste management planning. These data could enhance in implementation of waste management system in that area.
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning , 2018
Red mud is described as a major industrial waste produced by the Bayer process for the extraction... more Red mud is described as a major industrial waste produced by the Bayer process for the extraction of alumina from bauxite ores. The Red mud was collected from Bukit Goh and it physical, chemical and mineralogical composition were investigated in terms of it environmental effects. Because red mud has a lot of hazardous effect on man and his environment, it intrinsic properties are characterised by high alkaline, extremely saline, sodic and high heavy metals content. The pH, EC, Heavy Metals and Mineral contents were analysed using pH meter, EC meter, ICPOES and XRD respectively. The results show that, pH, EC and Heavy metals concentration of red mud decreased with increasing storage time and Fe, Cd, As and Pb concentration were determined. In general, the newly collected red mud retained more heavy metals than the old red muds. The mineralogical composition of Calcite, Gibbsite, Boehmite, Hematite, Siderite and Calcium aluminate decreased with increasing storage time with a large percentage of Calcite presence. Boehmite Mineral composition was completely removed from the 50days and 100days. It is fascinating to know that Goethite, Magnetite, Sodium titanate and Sodalites increased with increasing storage time.
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, 2019
This study assesses livelihood strategies pursued by household in Mano Menima. Livelihood strateg... more This study assesses livelihood strategies pursued by household in Mano Menima. Livelihood strategies are range and combination of activities and choices that people make in order to achieve their livelihood goal, including productive activities, investment strategies, and reproductive choices. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative methods in collecting data. A sample size of 100 household heads was used for this research with other targeted respondents like community stakeholders and focus group discussion. The study revealed that households depend mostly on agriculture for their livelihoods and that male dominate the role as family earner. The result showed that households also engaged in non-agricultural activities that serve as sources of income for their households. These non-agricultural activities include petty trade, remittances, pension and formal employment. The result also established that there is high proportion of illiteracy in the study community. The result also registered that 100% of respondents either owned or have direct access to farm land though the sizes of the farmlands are small. The largest household expenditure is on food consumption, followed by expenditure on education, medicines and purchase of agricultural inputs. The research revealed that livelihood strategies were mostly influenced by the availability and access to farm land with little external motivation from Government, NGOs and MFIs. Crop damaged by insects/birds, poor harvest, wet season, high price of food and other commodities, increase in crime rate, disease like malaria are the major constraints to livelihood in the study area. Based on the findings of this study, it is important that government focus on building human capital through provision of adequate budget to support education, agriculture and skill training along with strengthening financial capital by increasing household access to credit with emphasis also on the need for saving should be encouraged.
International Journal of Research Available at https://pen2print.org/index.php/ijr, 2019
Bioethanol is one of the most potential liquid fuels since the natural resources from fossil fuel... more Bioethanol is one of the most potential liquid fuels since the natural resources from fossil fuels become limited. Nowadays renewable energy become as an alternative energy to reduce fossil fuels consumption. Therefore, the study of water hyacinth and water lettuce was chosen as potential source of biofuel due to its abundant and easy to cultivate in nature. The study aims to investigate the potential of floating aquatic macrophytes to provide enough supply for bioethanol production. Study on feasibility of biological pretreatment on water hyacinth and water lettuce using white rot fungi by monitoring lignin and hemicellulose biodegradation. The potential of bioethanol production was determined by sugar consumption rate and percentage of fermentable sugar by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The experiment was fabricated with two tanks contain macrophytes which Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes. Weight of both species was recorded for consecutive three days to monitor the optimum growth rate. Both species were pretreated with white rot fungi. The parameters involved are sugar content, lignin by Klasson method and hemicellulose by Chesson method. Water hyacinth was fermented with different yeast concentration and DNS method was used for sugar determination. The results showed that P. stratiotes has higher growth rate than E. crassipes. However, E. crassipes more feasible for lignin and hemicellulose biodegradation compared to P. stratiotes. Sugar consumption rate was influenced by yeast concentration and fermentable sugar of water hyacinth filtrate which recorded up to 70%.
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, 2019
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) differ from the MDGs in purpose, concept, and politics. ... more The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) differ from the MDGs in purpose, concept, and politics. This article focuses process and comparison of the predecessor to the SDGs. The identification of Millennium Development Goals and the follow-on Sustainable Development Goals are referred to here as examples of such policy forming activities. The Millennium Declaration was adopted on 8th September 2000. According to David Hulme, the drafting process attempted to please both the rich countries insisting on their Development Assistance Committee (DAC) prepared list of International Development Goals and everybody else. It argues that the SDGs address several of the key shortcomings of the MDGs and incorporate a broader and more transformative agenda that more adequately reflect the complex challenges of the 21st century and the need for structural reforms in the global economy. The SDGs also reverse the MDG approach to global goal setting and the misplaced belief in the virtues of simplicity, concreteness, and quantification. While the SDGs promise the potential for a more transformative agenda, implementation will depend on continued advocacy on each of the targets to hold authorities to
account. The future of global public participation may move beyond invitation (and its deficiencies), to one based on collecting passive information of the global public. It still remains to be seen whether SDGs really demonstrate the longterm public concerns especially with the set of global priorities until 2030.
www.sciencedev.net, 2018
Bauxite is the primary ore for aluminium extraction. It is treated with sodium hydroxide at above... more Bauxite is the primary ore for aluminium extraction. It is treated with sodium hydroxide at above 250 o C to extract alumina in the Bayer's process. Iron, together with impurities that are insoluble in the caustic solution, will be removed by clarification. The residue generated after clarification is known as bauxite residue (or red mud). Red mud (bauxite residue) is the main waste product of the alkaline extraction of alumina from bauxite with high amounts of heavy metals. These heavy metals cause risks to human health, plants, animals, ecosystems, or other media as most environmental contamination and human exposure result from anthropogenic activities such as mining and smelting operations, industrial production and domestic and agricultural use of metals and metal-containing compounds. This review focuses on removing these heavy metals (As, Ni, Cr and Fe) from bauxite residue using gracilaria sp. Results of extraction of heavy metals from bauxite residue showed that gracilaria sp adsorbents were effective and efficient in removing fractions of Cr, As, Ni and Fe at 1g, 2g and 3g of gracilaria sp adsorbents. However, the extractions were found effective and efficient at various alginate beads concentrations (1g, 2g and 3g). In the removal of Iron (Fe), 1g of alginate beads were the most ideal concentration for heavy metals removal from 30ml bauxite residue solution at a temperature of 25 o C. Chromium (Cr) element was best removed at a concentration of 2g and 3g while Arsenic (As) and Nickel (Ni) removals were ideal with 3g gracilaria sp adsorbents at uniform temperature of 25 o C.
akademiabaru, 2017
Malaysia is one of the developing countries that are facing an increase population with an increa... more Malaysia is one of the developing countries that are facing an increase population with an increasing and significant generation of waste. Environmental problems may arise when the solid waste management is improper. The rate of generation is increasing and the composition is also changing as the nation becomes more urbanized and industrialized. The objective of this study is to present the data of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Taman Universiti, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The composition of MSW was studied by segregating it into different components such as food waste, paper, glass, plastics, metal and tin aluminums. It was observed that Taman Universiti area produced around 40% plastics waste which was the highest component compared to other waste, followed by food waste and papers with 38.2% and 21% respectively. Meanwhile, food waste was recorded the highest moisture content with 38.2% while glass had the lowest moisture content with 0.4%. The reliable estimate of MSW generated is important for proper waste management planning. These data could enhance in implementation of waste management system in that area.