Ilana Eli | Tel Aviv University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ilana Eli

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 28, 2020

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 28, 2020

Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Jul 1, 1987

Oral bacteria colonize the dento-gingival tissues in a selective manner. Hydrophobic reactions ha... more Oral bacteria colonize the dento-gingival tissues in a selective manner. Hydrophobic reactions have been suggested as one of the major mechanisms of adhesion, Hydrophobicity of Actinobacillus aclinomycelemcomltans Y4 (Aa) cells was studied in vitro using adherence to the liquid hydrocarbon, octane. Adherence of Aa cells to octane varied from 60-90%, depending on the medium in which they were grown, age of the culture and the buffer in which the assay was carried out. These data suggest that Aa is a hydrophobic bacterium, the hydrophobicity of which is expressed to a varying degree, and may have a role in its adherence to oral tissues.

Journal of Dental Research, Nov 1, 1992

Extreme dental fear and avoidance are universal problems, with severe adverse effects on the pati... more Extreme dental fear and avoidance are universal problems, with severe adverse effects on the patient's oral health. Although behavior modification techniques were shown to be effective in the treatment of this problem, their success is by no means absolute. In the present article, the SCL-90 questionnaire was used for development of possible predictive measures for success and failure of behavior modification as a treatment for dental fear. Patients who failed in treatment through behavior modification were found to score significantly higher on the global score of Positive Symptom Distress Index (p < 0.01) and on individual subscales of somatization (p < 0.02) and psychoticism (p < 0.05) than patients who were treated successfully. The predictive value of chosen SCL-90 scales was 71%. The results suggest that use of SCL-90 may be valuable for the prediction of success and failure of behavior modification as a treatment for dental fear and avoidance.

Psychosomatic Medicine, Sep 1, 1994

Glossodynia affects primarily middle-aged women. Although many possible etiologies have been prop... more Glossodynia affects primarily middle-aged women. Although many possible etiologies have been proposed for the syndrome, most have not been substantiated. In the present study 56 glossodynia patients were evaluated for their psychopathologic profile as reflected by the SCL-90 questionnaire. The data show that glossodynia patients present a relatively high psychopathologic profile, especially on the scales of somatization and depression. Significant correlations were found between the intensity of pain experienced by the patients and some of the SCL-90 scales (somatization, depression, anxiety, GSI and PSDI). No correlations were found between SCL-90 scores and duration of symptoms, prevalence of symptoms per day and patient's condition during the past year. Patients living alone were found to differ significantly from those living with a significant other (overall group effect significant at the 0.01 level). The data suggest that psychopathologic trends may be associated with glossodynia.

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 28, 2020

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 28, 2020

PubMed, Jul 1, 2003

Systematic attempts to treat pain have been closely aligned with how pain is conceptualized and e... more Systematic attempts to treat pain have been closely aligned with how pain is conceptualized and evaluated. Traditionally, the focus in medicine (and dentistry) has been on the cause of the reported pain, with the assumption that there is a physical basis for the pain. Once it is identified, the source can be blocked by medical or operative intervention. In the absence of a physical basis, the situation was once labeled as "psychogenic pain." Today, it is widely accepted that such a dichotomous view of the pain experience is incomplete and inadequate. There is no question that physical factors contribute to pain symptoms or that psychological factors play a role in the pain reporting of patients. Similarly, the traditional approach, which brings in many cases to disregard clinical pain as originating due to "psychological" factors, must be strongly rejected.

Journal of Dentistry, Nov 1, 1996

The decision to treat initial approximal carious lesions is based mainly on interpretation of bit... more The decision to treat initial approximal carious lesions is based mainly on interpretation of bitewing radiographs. In a previous report, it was shown that artificial approximal lesions of uniform size are more readily detected on radiographs in premolars than in molars. The objective of the present study was to compare the ability to evaluate the depth of similar size artificial lesions on radiographs and reach decisions concerning treatment, in premolars and molars. Clinicians were asked to evaluate on radiographs, the size of in vitro prepared artificial lesions, and decide at which point they would perform a restoration. Significant differences were found in the evaluation of lesion depth between different tooth surfaces. The interaction between lesion depth and tooth surface originated from the examiners' trend to score same size lesions as penetrating deeper into the tooth in premolars than in molars. The probability of the examiners to decide on restorative treatment in shallow lesions (0.25 mm, 0.50 mm) was higher in premolars than in molars. The findings suggest that clinicians evaluate initial lesions as being deeper and more prone to treatment in premolars than in molars.

PubMed, 2002

Aims: To evaluate the potential capacity of a chewing exercise to differentiate chronic myofascia... more Aims: To evaluate the potential capacity of a chewing exercise to differentiate chronic myofascial pain (MFP) patients from healthy controls and to test whether there are distinct pain response differences among MFP patients. Methods: Eighty-nine subjects participated in the study; 49 were diagnosed as belonging to the MFP subgroup of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and had suffered from MFP for at least 6 months, and 40 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects comprised the control group. After completion of a clinical examination, all subjects performed a chewing exercise. Subjects chewed on half a leaf of green casting wax for 9 minutes and then held their jaw at rest for another 9 minutes. They indicated the intensity of the pain experience on a visual analog scale (VAS) every 3 minutes from the beginning (P0) to the end (P18) of the chewing exercise. Only changes in pain report of more than 5 mm on the VAS were considered. Analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used to analyze fluctuations in pain levels during the test, with the pain level at baseline (P0) as a covariant. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant main effect for group (MFP versus control); a significant main effect for activity (chewing versus rest); an interaction between activity and time; and an interaction between activity, time, and group. The latter revealed the significant effect of the chewing activity on pain levels in both groups along the axis of time and its recovery at rest. In the MFP patients, pain had increased by 32 mm at P9 in 84% of the patients and recovered to almost the initial pain levels by P18; 6% reported a decrease in pain sensation and 10% reported no change in pain. In the controls, pain had increased 4.9 mm by P9, a value within the recording error range of the scale. Conclusion: (1) A strenuous chewing exercise is a potentially beneficial tool in the diagnostic process of myofascial pain patients and, if validated, could be incorporated into clinical examinations. (2) The increase in pain intensity following the chewing exercise is typical of most of the MFP group. (3) The phenomenon of pain decrease in a small percentage of MFP patients should be further investigated.

Special Care in Dentistry, 1993

Occasionally, a dental patient presents his/her dentist with a history of hypersensitivity to loc... more Occasionally, a dental patient presents his/her dentist with a history of hypersensitivity to local anesthetic agents. The symptoms may include immediate reactions to the injection procedure (dizziness, shortness of breath, tachycardia, etc), or delayed reactions to the anesthetic (swelling, urticaria, etc). Although the true incidence of local anesthetic allergy is low, such a history often involves the patient's anxiety regarding the use of the drug in question, and the dentist's apprehension to treat the “problematic” patient. In such cases, hypnosis can play a major role in controlling pain and the associated distress. In the present article, the method concerning the implementation of hypnosis to induce local anesthesia is described and illustrated through case demonstrations.

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology, Apr 1, 2002

Myofascial pain disorder (MPD) is defined as a regional, dull, aching pain accompanied by the pre... more Myofascial pain disorder (MPD) is defined as a regional, dull, aching pain accompanied by the presence of localized trigger points in the muscles that produces a characteristic pattern of regional referred pain on provocation. 1 Most MPD patients have tenderness of the elevator muscles during palpation, with approximately 40% of these patients reporting pain on chewing. 1,2 However, only 30% of patients with confirmed bruxism have significant myalgia. 3 The pathogenesis of MPD is not yet fully understood. Hyperalgesia due to changes in the central nervous system (including the sympathetic nervous system) can cause pain. 4 It is well known that different psychological or emotional states can alter muscle tone. 1 It has been hypothesized that myofascial symptoms are associated with psychosocial factors and emotional stress problems. 5-7 Because the etiology of MPD is somewhat obscure, there is actually no treatment that represents the gold standard in this respect. Rather, a multidisciplinary approach is accepted, which includes patient education and self-care, cognitive behavioral intervention, relaxation training, pharmacologic therapy, physical therapy, and occlusal appliance therapy. 8-10 Occlusal appliance therapy is the most largely studied and well-documented treatment for MPD, with an efficacy rate of about 70% to 90%. 11-14 Hypnosis and hypnorelaxation have been suggested to be as effective in the treatment of chronic pain conditions 15 and to be a logical treatment option for MPD and bruxism. 16 Its use as a treatment modality for MPD or bruxism is described in several clinical case reports 16-22 and in clinical studies that show the efficacy of hypnosis in treating nocturnal bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). 16,23 However, these studies do not report comparative data to other accepted and well-documented modes of treatment (eg, occlusal appliance); therefore, their conclusions should be taken cautiously. Furthermore, these studies do not consider the fluctuating nature of the disturbance, as suggested in the literature, 24 and sufficient evidence as to the efficacy of hypnorelaxation as a treatment mode for MPD is not provided. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnorelaxation in the treatment of MPD compared with the use of an occlusal appliance and to minimal treatment with no active involvement.

International Endodontic Journal, Jul 1, 1993

Fear, anxiety and anticipation of pain tax prepotent emotional and cognitive mediator (rfpain beh... more Fear, anxiety and anticipation of pain tax prepotent emotional and cognitive mediator (rfpain behaviour. As pain is often used as a parameter for evaluation of toodi vitality, existing dental anxiety may occasionally lead to possible misdiagnosis. A representative case is presented in which dental anxiety led to an initial misdiagnosis ct aidodontic pathology.

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 28, 2020

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 28, 2020

Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Jul 1, 1987

Oral bacteria colonize the dento-gingival tissues in a selective manner. Hydrophobic reactions ha... more Oral bacteria colonize the dento-gingival tissues in a selective manner. Hydrophobic reactions have been suggested as one of the major mechanisms of adhesion, Hydrophobicity of Actinobacillus aclinomycelemcomltans Y4 (Aa) cells was studied in vitro using adherence to the liquid hydrocarbon, octane. Adherence of Aa cells to octane varied from 60-90%, depending on the medium in which they were grown, age of the culture and the buffer in which the assay was carried out. These data suggest that Aa is a hydrophobic bacterium, the hydrophobicity of which is expressed to a varying degree, and may have a role in its adherence to oral tissues.

Journal of Dental Research, Nov 1, 1992

Extreme dental fear and avoidance are universal problems, with severe adverse effects on the pati... more Extreme dental fear and avoidance are universal problems, with severe adverse effects on the patient's oral health. Although behavior modification techniques were shown to be effective in the treatment of this problem, their success is by no means absolute. In the present article, the SCL-90 questionnaire was used for development of possible predictive measures for success and failure of behavior modification as a treatment for dental fear. Patients who failed in treatment through behavior modification were found to score significantly higher on the global score of Positive Symptom Distress Index (p < 0.01) and on individual subscales of somatization (p < 0.02) and psychoticism (p < 0.05) than patients who were treated successfully. The predictive value of chosen SCL-90 scales was 71%. The results suggest that use of SCL-90 may be valuable for the prediction of success and failure of behavior modification as a treatment for dental fear and avoidance.

Psychosomatic Medicine, Sep 1, 1994

Glossodynia affects primarily middle-aged women. Although many possible etiologies have been prop... more Glossodynia affects primarily middle-aged women. Although many possible etiologies have been proposed for the syndrome, most have not been substantiated. In the present study 56 glossodynia patients were evaluated for their psychopathologic profile as reflected by the SCL-90 questionnaire. The data show that glossodynia patients present a relatively high psychopathologic profile, especially on the scales of somatization and depression. Significant correlations were found between the intensity of pain experienced by the patients and some of the SCL-90 scales (somatization, depression, anxiety, GSI and PSDI). No correlations were found between SCL-90 scores and duration of symptoms, prevalence of symptoms per day and patient's condition during the past year. Patients living alone were found to differ significantly from those living with a significant other (overall group effect significant at the 0.01 level). The data suggest that psychopathologic trends may be associated with glossodynia.

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 28, 2020

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 28, 2020

PubMed, Jul 1, 2003

Systematic attempts to treat pain have been closely aligned with how pain is conceptualized and e... more Systematic attempts to treat pain have been closely aligned with how pain is conceptualized and evaluated. Traditionally, the focus in medicine (and dentistry) has been on the cause of the reported pain, with the assumption that there is a physical basis for the pain. Once it is identified, the source can be blocked by medical or operative intervention. In the absence of a physical basis, the situation was once labeled as "psychogenic pain." Today, it is widely accepted that such a dichotomous view of the pain experience is incomplete and inadequate. There is no question that physical factors contribute to pain symptoms or that psychological factors play a role in the pain reporting of patients. Similarly, the traditional approach, which brings in many cases to disregard clinical pain as originating due to "psychological" factors, must be strongly rejected.

Journal of Dentistry, Nov 1, 1996

The decision to treat initial approximal carious lesions is based mainly on interpretation of bit... more The decision to treat initial approximal carious lesions is based mainly on interpretation of bitewing radiographs. In a previous report, it was shown that artificial approximal lesions of uniform size are more readily detected on radiographs in premolars than in molars. The objective of the present study was to compare the ability to evaluate the depth of similar size artificial lesions on radiographs and reach decisions concerning treatment, in premolars and molars. Clinicians were asked to evaluate on radiographs, the size of in vitro prepared artificial lesions, and decide at which point they would perform a restoration. Significant differences were found in the evaluation of lesion depth between different tooth surfaces. The interaction between lesion depth and tooth surface originated from the examiners' trend to score same size lesions as penetrating deeper into the tooth in premolars than in molars. The probability of the examiners to decide on restorative treatment in shallow lesions (0.25 mm, 0.50 mm) was higher in premolars than in molars. The findings suggest that clinicians evaluate initial lesions as being deeper and more prone to treatment in premolars than in molars.

PubMed, 2002

Aims: To evaluate the potential capacity of a chewing exercise to differentiate chronic myofascia... more Aims: To evaluate the potential capacity of a chewing exercise to differentiate chronic myofascial pain (MFP) patients from healthy controls and to test whether there are distinct pain response differences among MFP patients. Methods: Eighty-nine subjects participated in the study; 49 were diagnosed as belonging to the MFP subgroup of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and had suffered from MFP for at least 6 months, and 40 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects comprised the control group. After completion of a clinical examination, all subjects performed a chewing exercise. Subjects chewed on half a leaf of green casting wax for 9 minutes and then held their jaw at rest for another 9 minutes. They indicated the intensity of the pain experience on a visual analog scale (VAS) every 3 minutes from the beginning (P0) to the end (P18) of the chewing exercise. Only changes in pain report of more than 5 mm on the VAS were considered. Analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used to analyze fluctuations in pain levels during the test, with the pain level at baseline (P0) as a covariant. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant main effect for group (MFP versus control); a significant main effect for activity (chewing versus rest); an interaction between activity and time; and an interaction between activity, time, and group. The latter revealed the significant effect of the chewing activity on pain levels in both groups along the axis of time and its recovery at rest. In the MFP patients, pain had increased by 32 mm at P9 in 84% of the patients and recovered to almost the initial pain levels by P18; 6% reported a decrease in pain sensation and 10% reported no change in pain. In the controls, pain had increased 4.9 mm by P9, a value within the recording error range of the scale. Conclusion: (1) A strenuous chewing exercise is a potentially beneficial tool in the diagnostic process of myofascial pain patients and, if validated, could be incorporated into clinical examinations. (2) The increase in pain intensity following the chewing exercise is typical of most of the MFP group. (3) The phenomenon of pain decrease in a small percentage of MFP patients should be further investigated.

Special Care in Dentistry, 1993

Occasionally, a dental patient presents his/her dentist with a history of hypersensitivity to loc... more Occasionally, a dental patient presents his/her dentist with a history of hypersensitivity to local anesthetic agents. The symptoms may include immediate reactions to the injection procedure (dizziness, shortness of breath, tachycardia, etc), or delayed reactions to the anesthetic (swelling, urticaria, etc). Although the true incidence of local anesthetic allergy is low, such a history often involves the patient's anxiety regarding the use of the drug in question, and the dentist's apprehension to treat the “problematic” patient. In such cases, hypnosis can play a major role in controlling pain and the associated distress. In the present article, the method concerning the implementation of hypnosis to induce local anesthesia is described and illustrated through case demonstrations.

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology, Apr 1, 2002

Myofascial pain disorder (MPD) is defined as a regional, dull, aching pain accompanied by the pre... more Myofascial pain disorder (MPD) is defined as a regional, dull, aching pain accompanied by the presence of localized trigger points in the muscles that produces a characteristic pattern of regional referred pain on provocation. 1 Most MPD patients have tenderness of the elevator muscles during palpation, with approximately 40% of these patients reporting pain on chewing. 1,2 However, only 30% of patients with confirmed bruxism have significant myalgia. 3 The pathogenesis of MPD is not yet fully understood. Hyperalgesia due to changes in the central nervous system (including the sympathetic nervous system) can cause pain. 4 It is well known that different psychological or emotional states can alter muscle tone. 1 It has been hypothesized that myofascial symptoms are associated with psychosocial factors and emotional stress problems. 5-7 Because the etiology of MPD is somewhat obscure, there is actually no treatment that represents the gold standard in this respect. Rather, a multidisciplinary approach is accepted, which includes patient education and self-care, cognitive behavioral intervention, relaxation training, pharmacologic therapy, physical therapy, and occlusal appliance therapy. 8-10 Occlusal appliance therapy is the most largely studied and well-documented treatment for MPD, with an efficacy rate of about 70% to 90%. 11-14 Hypnosis and hypnorelaxation have been suggested to be as effective in the treatment of chronic pain conditions 15 and to be a logical treatment option for MPD and bruxism. 16 Its use as a treatment modality for MPD or bruxism is described in several clinical case reports 16-22 and in clinical studies that show the efficacy of hypnosis in treating nocturnal bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). 16,23 However, these studies do not report comparative data to other accepted and well-documented modes of treatment (eg, occlusal appliance); therefore, their conclusions should be taken cautiously. Furthermore, these studies do not consider the fluctuating nature of the disturbance, as suggested in the literature, 24 and sufficient evidence as to the efficacy of hypnorelaxation as a treatment mode for MPD is not provided. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnorelaxation in the treatment of MPD compared with the use of an occlusal appliance and to minimal treatment with no active involvement.

International Endodontic Journal, Jul 1, 1993

Fear, anxiety and anticipation of pain tax prepotent emotional and cognitive mediator (rfpain beh... more Fear, anxiety and anticipation of pain tax prepotent emotional and cognitive mediator (rfpain behaviour. As pain is often used as a parameter for evaluation of toodi vitality, existing dental anxiety may occasionally lead to possible misdiagnosis. A representative case is presented in which dental anxiety led to an initial misdiagnosis ct aidodontic pathology.