robert Lubow | Tel Aviv University (original) (raw)
Papers by robert Lubow
An experiment was designed to demonstrate the latent inhibition phenomenon in adult humans and to... more An experiment was designed to demonstrate the latent inhibition phenomenon in adult humans and
to determine the effects of initial level of attention to the to-be-conditioned stimulus during a
preexposure phase on subsequent learning. Results indicate that a strong latent inhibition effect can be
obtained with adult humans. This effect occurs even though the preexposed stimulus is presented under
severe conditions of inattention.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1975
ABSTRACT Conducted an experiment with 40 undergraduates that was designed to demonstrate the late... more ABSTRACT Conducted an experiment with 40 undergraduates that was designed to demonstrate the latent inhibition phenomenon in adult humans and to determine the effects of initial level of attention to the to-be-conditioned stimulus during a preexposure phase on subsequent learning. Results indicate that a strong latent inhibition effect can be obtained with adult humans. This effect occurs even though the preexposed stimulus is presented under severe conditions of inattention. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Learning and Motivation, 2005
Latent Inhibition (LI) attenuation when a long delay is introduced between acquisition and test p... more Latent Inhibition (LI) attenuation when a long delay is introduced between acquisition and test phases has been repeatedly observed using aversive conditioning procedures (e.g., Aguado, Symonds, & Hall, 1994). This effect has been used as evidence to support those theories that consider LI to be the result of a retrieval failure. We designed three experiments intended to control for a
Biol Psychiat, 1993
The relationship between amphetamine-produced dopamine overreactivity and attention to irrelevant... more The relationship between amphetamine-produced dopamine overreactivity and attention to irrelevant stimuli is reflected in an attenuated latent inhibition (1.J) effect. This occurs in both animal and human subjects. The present study examines the manner in which this effect in rats is modulated by the duration of stimulus preexposure. A factorial design was used with three levels of stimulus preexposure duration and either amphetamine or saline administration. In addition, there were corresponding groups that did not receive siimt~lus preexposure. It was found that although amphetamine did indeed abolish L! at short exposure intervals (30 sec), the L! effect was normal for long stimulus preexposure durations (150 sec). The data were discussed in terms of the affects of amphetamine on the processing of irrelevant stimuli and the relationship of such a dysfunctional attentional process to schizophrenia.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1973
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
1973 when he published a seminal review on latent inhibition (Psychological Bulletin, 1973, 79, 3... more 1973 when he published a seminal review on latent inhibition (Psychological Bulletin, 1973, 79, 398-407; interestingly, the paper became a Current Contents' Citation Classic in 1985). This review was important for my own research in that many of us had stumbled upon a similar effect in taste aversion learning during which exposure to the taste prior to conditioning appeared to weaken subsequent aversion learning (the so-called CS preexposure effect; learned safety). Dr. Lubow's work was much broader than what was being reported in aversion learning and had greater implications for general learning theory. This broader implication forms the basis of Dr. Lubow's interest in and work with latent inhibition and taste aversion learning. As he notes in his highlight, he became interested in aversion learning for the specific advantages offered in this design, advantages that allowed for specific assessments of the effects of various manipulations on latent inhibition that were...
Psychonomic science
A technique was developed for conditioning the pinna reflex in the albino rabbit. The harness, an... more A technique was developed for conditioning the pinna reflex in the albino rabbit. The harness, animal preparation, method of sensing and recording pinna movement, and testing procedure were described.
Cognition and Emotion
The effects of masking task load on latent inhibition (LI, poorer learning for a previously expos... more The effects of masking task load on latent inhibition (LI, poorer learning for a previously exposed irrelevant stimulus than for a novel stimulus) were examined as a function of levels of schizotypality. With low load, LI was present in low schizotypal but not high schizotypal participants. With high load, LI was abolished in low schizotypal, but was present in high schizotypal participants. The data support a distraction rather than a resource limitation model of attentional dysfunction in high schizotypal normals. Implications of the model for understanding the attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia are discussed.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1975
Discriminative conditioning of the galvanic skin rresponse, achieved under masking conditions, wa... more Discriminative conditioning of the galvanic skin rresponse, achieved under masking conditions, was shown to be a function of interstimulus interval. Tests of awareness, with both recall and recognition measures, indicated that subjects were conditioned in spite of not reporting awareness of the CS-US contingency. A number of problems in regard to the interpretation of the data concerning the relationship of conditioning and interstimulus interval and in regard to the general question of the relationship between conditioning and awareness were discussed.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1975
ABSTRACT Conducted an experiment with 40 undergraduates that was designed to demonstrate the late... more ABSTRACT Conducted an experiment with 40 undergraduates that was designed to demonstrate the latent inhibition phenomenon in adult humans and to determine the effects of initial level of attention to the to-be-conditioned stimulus during a preexposure phase on subsequent learning. Results indicate that a strong latent inhibition effect can be obtained with adult humans. This effect occurs even though the preexposed stimulus is presented under severe conditions of inattention. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Laterality, Jan 2, 2015
Giotto's Arena Chapel frescoes, dating from the early fourteenth century, provide salient ill... more Giotto's Arena Chapel frescoes, dating from the early fourteenth century, provide salient illustrations of two types of embodied perceptions. One is universal, a consequence of biology and the physical laws of nature, linked to the vertical dimension of space, and impacting on affect and moral judgement. The other is culturally determined, acquired from the direction of reading script and affecting perceptions of directions of movement, time and causality. Giotto's intuitive use of embodiments, the result of a newly evolving realism in painting, may have prompted late mediaeval chapel-visitors to empathize with the storied biblical characters, so that figures that were once only the object of religious veneration and awe were now made into living beings with a shared humanity, resulting in an awakening of a personal agency that fueled the Renaissance and Modernism.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1974
After 30 days of operant training, with pecking responses to aerial photographs containing man-ma... more After 30 days of operant training, with pecking responses to aerial photographs containing man-made objects reinforced with food, and no food reinforcement for pecking on photographs not containing man-made objects, a discrimination to the two classes of photographs was obtained. The discriminative response generalized to photographs with which the pigeons had no previous experience. This study demonstrates that pigeons are capable of forming relatively high-order concepts. Some possible stimulus properties controlling the discrimination are discussed.
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1959
Perceptual and motor skills, 1964
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1957
ABSTRACT Activity levels of rats subjected to short-term changes in illumination level during tes... more ABSTRACT Activity levels of rats subjected to short-term changes in illumination level during testing was measured. Changes towards increased luminosity raised activity in a degree proportional to the amount of change. No corresponding influences of decreasing illumination were observed.
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1956
The effect of presence of mother was determined on the incidence of audiogenic seizures and on &a... more The effect of presence of mother was determined on the incidence of audiogenic seizures and on "substitute" behavior (face-washing, climbing sides of cage). Presence of mother had no significant effect on seizure incidence but did reduce the amount of substitute behavior, as did the length of time in the experimental cage before the incidence of auditory stimulation.
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1965
It has been found that nonreinforeed preexposure to the to-be-conditioned stimulus results in a d... more It has been found that nonreinforeed preexposure to the to-be-conditioned stimulus results in a decrement in performance during the acquisition phase of a classical defensive leg response conditioning procedure. The present study shows that: (a) this decrement is a function of the frequency of preexposure, (b) the size of the decrement remains constant over 4 days of acquisition training, and (c) the decrement as a function of preexposure is not significant during extinction.
An experiment was designed to demonstrate the latent inhibition phenomenon in adult humans and to... more An experiment was designed to demonstrate the latent inhibition phenomenon in adult humans and
to determine the effects of initial level of attention to the to-be-conditioned stimulus during a
preexposure phase on subsequent learning. Results indicate that a strong latent inhibition effect can be
obtained with adult humans. This effect occurs even though the preexposed stimulus is presented under
severe conditions of inattention.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1975
ABSTRACT Conducted an experiment with 40 undergraduates that was designed to demonstrate the late... more ABSTRACT Conducted an experiment with 40 undergraduates that was designed to demonstrate the latent inhibition phenomenon in adult humans and to determine the effects of initial level of attention to the to-be-conditioned stimulus during a preexposure phase on subsequent learning. Results indicate that a strong latent inhibition effect can be obtained with adult humans. This effect occurs even though the preexposed stimulus is presented under severe conditions of inattention. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Learning and Motivation, 2005
Latent Inhibition (LI) attenuation when a long delay is introduced between acquisition and test p... more Latent Inhibition (LI) attenuation when a long delay is introduced between acquisition and test phases has been repeatedly observed using aversive conditioning procedures (e.g., Aguado, Symonds, & Hall, 1994). This effect has been used as evidence to support those theories that consider LI to be the result of a retrieval failure. We designed three experiments intended to control for a
Biol Psychiat, 1993
The relationship between amphetamine-produced dopamine overreactivity and attention to irrelevant... more The relationship between amphetamine-produced dopamine overreactivity and attention to irrelevant stimuli is reflected in an attenuated latent inhibition (1.J) effect. This occurs in both animal and human subjects. The present study examines the manner in which this effect in rats is modulated by the duration of stimulus preexposure. A factorial design was used with three levels of stimulus preexposure duration and either amphetamine or saline administration. In addition, there were corresponding groups that did not receive siimt~lus preexposure. It was found that although amphetamine did indeed abolish L! at short exposure intervals (30 sec), the L! effect was normal for long stimulus preexposure durations (150 sec). The data were discussed in terms of the affects of amphetamine on the processing of irrelevant stimuli and the relationship of such a dysfunctional attentional process to schizophrenia.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1973
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
1973 when he published a seminal review on latent inhibition (Psychological Bulletin, 1973, 79, 3... more 1973 when he published a seminal review on latent inhibition (Psychological Bulletin, 1973, 79, 398-407; interestingly, the paper became a Current Contents' Citation Classic in 1985). This review was important for my own research in that many of us had stumbled upon a similar effect in taste aversion learning during which exposure to the taste prior to conditioning appeared to weaken subsequent aversion learning (the so-called CS preexposure effect; learned safety). Dr. Lubow's work was much broader than what was being reported in aversion learning and had greater implications for general learning theory. This broader implication forms the basis of Dr. Lubow's interest in and work with latent inhibition and taste aversion learning. As he notes in his highlight, he became interested in aversion learning for the specific advantages offered in this design, advantages that allowed for specific assessments of the effects of various manipulations on latent inhibition that were...
Psychonomic science
A technique was developed for conditioning the pinna reflex in the albino rabbit. The harness, an... more A technique was developed for conditioning the pinna reflex in the albino rabbit. The harness, animal preparation, method of sensing and recording pinna movement, and testing procedure were described.
Cognition and Emotion
The effects of masking task load on latent inhibition (LI, poorer learning for a previously expos... more The effects of masking task load on latent inhibition (LI, poorer learning for a previously exposed irrelevant stimulus than for a novel stimulus) were examined as a function of levels of schizotypality. With low load, LI was present in low schizotypal but not high schizotypal participants. With high load, LI was abolished in low schizotypal, but was present in high schizotypal participants. The data support a distraction rather than a resource limitation model of attentional dysfunction in high schizotypal normals. Implications of the model for understanding the attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia are discussed.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1975
Discriminative conditioning of the galvanic skin rresponse, achieved under masking conditions, wa... more Discriminative conditioning of the galvanic skin rresponse, achieved under masking conditions, was shown to be a function of interstimulus interval. Tests of awareness, with both recall and recognition measures, indicated that subjects were conditioned in spite of not reporting awareness of the CS-US contingency. A number of problems in regard to the interpretation of the data concerning the relationship of conditioning and interstimulus interval and in regard to the general question of the relationship between conditioning and awareness were discussed.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1975
ABSTRACT Conducted an experiment with 40 undergraduates that was designed to demonstrate the late... more ABSTRACT Conducted an experiment with 40 undergraduates that was designed to demonstrate the latent inhibition phenomenon in adult humans and to determine the effects of initial level of attention to the to-be-conditioned stimulus during a preexposure phase on subsequent learning. Results indicate that a strong latent inhibition effect can be obtained with adult humans. This effect occurs even though the preexposed stimulus is presented under severe conditions of inattention. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Laterality, Jan 2, 2015
Giotto's Arena Chapel frescoes, dating from the early fourteenth century, provide salient ill... more Giotto's Arena Chapel frescoes, dating from the early fourteenth century, provide salient illustrations of two types of embodied perceptions. One is universal, a consequence of biology and the physical laws of nature, linked to the vertical dimension of space, and impacting on affect and moral judgement. The other is culturally determined, acquired from the direction of reading script and affecting perceptions of directions of movement, time and causality. Giotto's intuitive use of embodiments, the result of a newly evolving realism in painting, may have prompted late mediaeval chapel-visitors to empathize with the storied biblical characters, so that figures that were once only the object of religious veneration and awe were now made into living beings with a shared humanity, resulting in an awakening of a personal agency that fueled the Renaissance and Modernism.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1974
After 30 days of operant training, with pecking responses to aerial photographs containing man-ma... more After 30 days of operant training, with pecking responses to aerial photographs containing man-made objects reinforced with food, and no food reinforcement for pecking on photographs not containing man-made objects, a discrimination to the two classes of photographs was obtained. The discriminative response generalized to photographs with which the pigeons had no previous experience. This study demonstrates that pigeons are capable of forming relatively high-order concepts. Some possible stimulus properties controlling the discrimination are discussed.
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1959
Perceptual and motor skills, 1964
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1957
ABSTRACT Activity levels of rats subjected to short-term changes in illumination level during tes... more ABSTRACT Activity levels of rats subjected to short-term changes in illumination level during testing was measured. Changes towards increased luminosity raised activity in a degree proportional to the amount of change. No corresponding influences of decreasing illumination were observed.
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1956
The effect of presence of mother was determined on the incidence of audiogenic seizures and on &a... more The effect of presence of mother was determined on the incidence of audiogenic seizures and on "substitute" behavior (face-washing, climbing sides of cage). Presence of mother had no significant effect on seizure incidence but did reduce the amount of substitute behavior, as did the length of time in the experimental cage before the incidence of auditory stimulation.
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1965
It has been found that nonreinforeed preexposure to the to-be-conditioned stimulus results in a d... more It has been found that nonreinforeed preexposure to the to-be-conditioned stimulus results in a decrement in performance during the acquisition phase of a classical defensive leg response conditioning procedure. The present study shows that: (a) this decrement is a function of the frequency of preexposure, (b) the size of the decrement remains constant over 4 days of acquisition training, and (c) the decrement as a function of preexposure is not significant during extinction.