vince Walsh | Temple University (original) (raw)
Papers by vince Walsh
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2012
In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of new techniques for studying the mechanisms th... more In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of new techniques for studying the mechanisms that underlie perceptual and cognitive function in the human brain. An important contribution has come from the introduction of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). The development of NIBS techniques to study perception and cognition constitutes a significant breakthrough in our understanding of the changes in the brain that may account for behavioral plasticity. NIBS approaches aim to induce changes in the activity of the brain, which can lead to alterations in the performance of a wide range of behavioral tasks (Sandrini et al. 2011). NIBS techniques that are used to modulate cortical activity include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) contents
Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2000
Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used to investigate almost all areas of cognitive neur... more Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used to investigate almost all areas of cognitive neuroscience. This article discusses the most important (and least understood) considerations regarding the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive neuroscience and outlines advances in the use of this technique for the replication and extension of findings from neuropsychology. We also take a more speculative look forward to the emerging development of strategies for combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with other brain imaging technologies and methods in the cognitive neurosciences.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1998
The panoply of non-invasive techniques for brain imaging is responsible for much of the current e... more The panoply of non-invasive techniques for brain imaging is responsible for much of the current excitement in cognitive neuroscience; sensory, perceptual and cognitive behaviour can now be correlated with cerebral blood flow as assessed by functional imaging, the electrical fields generated by populations of neurons or changes in magnetic fields created by electrical activity. Correlations between localized brain activity and behaviour, however, do not of themselves establish that any brain area is necessary for a particular task; necessity is the domain of the lesion technique. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique that can be used non-invasively to produce reversible functional disruption and has already been used to investigate visual detection, discrimination, attention and plasticity. The power of TMS as a 'lesion' technique lies in the opportunity to combine reversible disruption with high degrees of spatial and temporal resolution. In this review we trace some of the major developments in the use of TMS as a technique for the investigation of visual cognition.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left hemisphere has been shown to disrupt semant... more Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left hemisphere has been shown to disrupt semantic processing but, to date, there has been no direct demonstration of the electrophysiological correlates of this interference. To gain insight into the neural basis of semantic systems, and in particular, study the temporal and functional organization of object categorization processing, we combined repetitive TMS (rTMS) and ERPs. Healthy volunteers performed a picture-word matching task in which Snodgrass drawings of natural (e.g., animal) and artifactual (e.g., tool) categories were associated with a word. When short trains of high-frequency rTMS were applied over Wernicke's area (in the region of the CP5 electrode) immediately before the stimulus onset, we observed delayed response times to artifactual items, and thus, an increased dissociation between natural and artifactual domains. This behavioral effect had a direct ERP correlate. In the response period, the stimuli from the natural domain elicited a significant larger late positivity complex than those from the artifactual domain. These differences were significant over the centro-parietal region of the right hemisphere. These findings demonstrate that rTMS interferes with post-perceptual categorization processing of natural and artifactual stimuli that involve separate subsystems in distinct cortical areas.
Methods in Mind. C. Senior, T. Russell & MS …, 2006
The many different ways one can now investigate human brain function allow one to take snapshots ... more The many different ways one can now investigate human brain function allow one to take snapshots of structure and function from different per-spectives. The particular snapshot one sees is determined by the temporal and spatial resolution of the technique being used and by whether one is ...
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Feb 1, 2008
In everyday life, temporal information is used for both perception and action, but whether these ... more In everyday life, temporal information is used for both perception and action, but whether these two functions reflect the operation of similar or different neural circuits is unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural correlates of processing temporal information when either a motor or a perceptual representation is used. Participants viewed two identical sequences of visual stimuli and used the information differently to perform either a temporal reproduction or a temporal ...
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2012
In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of new techniques for studying the mechanisms th... more In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of new techniques for studying the mechanisms that underlie perceptual and cognitive function in the human brain. An important contribution has come from the introduction of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). The development of NIBS techniques to study perception and cognition constitutes a significant breakthrough in our understanding of the changes in the brain that may account for behavioral plasticity. NIBS approaches aim to induce changes in the activity of the brain, which can lead to alterations in the performance of a wide range of behavioral tasks (Sandrini et al. 2011). NIBS techniques that are used to modulate cortical activity include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) contents
Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2000
Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used to investigate almost all areas of cognitive neur... more Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used to investigate almost all areas of cognitive neuroscience. This article discusses the most important (and least understood) considerations regarding the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive neuroscience and outlines advances in the use of this technique for the replication and extension of findings from neuropsychology. We also take a more speculative look forward to the emerging development of strategies for combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with other brain imaging technologies and methods in the cognitive neurosciences.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1998
The panoply of non-invasive techniques for brain imaging is responsible for much of the current e... more The panoply of non-invasive techniques for brain imaging is responsible for much of the current excitement in cognitive neuroscience; sensory, perceptual and cognitive behaviour can now be correlated with cerebral blood flow as assessed by functional imaging, the electrical fields generated by populations of neurons or changes in magnetic fields created by electrical activity. Correlations between localized brain activity and behaviour, however, do not of themselves establish that any brain area is necessary for a particular task; necessity is the domain of the lesion technique. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique that can be used non-invasively to produce reversible functional disruption and has already been used to investigate visual detection, discrimination, attention and plasticity. The power of TMS as a 'lesion' technique lies in the opportunity to combine reversible disruption with high degrees of spatial and temporal resolution. In this review we trace some of the major developments in the use of TMS as a technique for the investigation of visual cognition.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left hemisphere has been shown to disrupt semant... more Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left hemisphere has been shown to disrupt semantic processing but, to date, there has been no direct demonstration of the electrophysiological correlates of this interference. To gain insight into the neural basis of semantic systems, and in particular, study the temporal and functional organization of object categorization processing, we combined repetitive TMS (rTMS) and ERPs. Healthy volunteers performed a picture-word matching task in which Snodgrass drawings of natural (e.g., animal) and artifactual (e.g., tool) categories were associated with a word. When short trains of high-frequency rTMS were applied over Wernicke's area (in the region of the CP5 electrode) immediately before the stimulus onset, we observed delayed response times to artifactual items, and thus, an increased dissociation between natural and artifactual domains. This behavioral effect had a direct ERP correlate. In the response period, the stimuli from the natural domain elicited a significant larger late positivity complex than those from the artifactual domain. These differences were significant over the centro-parietal region of the right hemisphere. These findings demonstrate that rTMS interferes with post-perceptual categorization processing of natural and artifactual stimuli that involve separate subsystems in distinct cortical areas.
Methods in Mind. C. Senior, T. Russell & MS …, 2006
The many different ways one can now investigate human brain function allow one to take snapshots ... more The many different ways one can now investigate human brain function allow one to take snapshots of structure and function from different per-spectives. The particular snapshot one sees is determined by the temporal and spatial resolution of the technique being used and by whether one is ...
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Feb 1, 2008
In everyday life, temporal information is used for both perception and action, but whether these ... more In everyday life, temporal information is used for both perception and action, but whether these two functions reflect the operation of similar or different neural circuits is unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural correlates of processing temporal information when either a motor or a perceptual representation is used. Participants viewed two identical sequences of visual stimuli and used the information differently to perform either a temporal reproduction or a temporal ...